Returns a Hash containing implementation-dependent counters inside the VM.
This hash includes information about method/constant caches:
{
:constant_cache_invalidations=>2,
:constant_cache_misses=>14,
:global_cvar_state=>27
}
If USE_DEBUG_COUNTER is enabled, debug counters will be included.
The contents of the hash are implementation specific and may be changed in the future.
This method is only expected to work on C Ruby.
Returns self truncated (toward zero) to a precision of ndigits decimal digits.
When ndigits is negative, the returned value has at least ndigits.abs trailing zeros:
555.truncate(-1) # => 550 555.truncate(-2) # => 500 -555.truncate(-2) # => -500
Returns self when ndigits is zero or positive.
555.truncate # => 555 555.truncate(50) # => 555
Related: Integer#round.
Returns the remainder after dividing self by other.
Examples:
11.remainder(4) # => 3 11.remainder(-4) # => 3 -11.remainder(4) # => -3 -11.remainder(-4) # => -3 12.remainder(4) # => 0 12.remainder(-4) # => 0 -12.remainder(4) # => 0 -12.remainder(-4) # => 0 13.remainder(4.0) # => 1.0 13.remainder(Rational(4, 1)) # => (1/1)
Returns a string containing the place-value representation of self in radix base (in 2..36).
12345.to_s # => "12345" 12345.to_s(2) # => "11000000111001" 12345.to_s(8) # => "30071" 12345.to_s(10) # => "12345" 12345.to_s(16) # => "3039" 12345.to_s(36) # => "9ix" 78546939656932.to_s(36) # => "rubyrules"
Raises an exception if base is out of range.
Integer#inspect is an alias for Integer#to_s.
Since int is already an Integer, this always returns true.
Returns 1.
Returns a complex object which denotes the given rectangular form.
Complex.rectangular(1, 2) #=> (1+2i)
Returns the imaginary part.
Complex(7).imaginary #=> 0 Complex(9, -4).imaginary #=> -4
Returns the angle part of its polar form.
Complex.polar(3, Math::PI/2).arg #=> 1.5707963267948966
Returns the denominator (lcm of both denominator - real and imag).
See numerator.
Returns the value as a string for inspection.
Complex(2).inspect #=> "(2+0i)" Complex('-8/6').inspect #=> "((-4/3)+0i)" Complex('1/2i').inspect #=> "(0+(1/2)*i)" Complex(0, Float::INFINITY).inspect #=> "(0+Infinity*i)" Complex(Float::NAN, Float::NAN).inspect #=> "(NaN+NaN*i)"
Returns true if cmp‘s real and imaginary parts are both finite numbers, otherwise returns false.
Always returns the string “nil”.
Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.
Returns an array; [num, 0].
Returns the remainder after dividing self by other.
Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Float and Rational use this implementation.
Examples:
11.0.remainder(4) # => 3.0 11.0.remainder(-4) # => 3.0 -11.0.remainder(4) # => -3.0 -11.0.remainder(-4) # => -3.0 12.0.remainder(4) # => 0.0 12.0.remainder(-4) # => 0.0 -12.0.remainder(4) # => -0.0 -12.0.remainder(-4) # => -0.0 13.0.remainder(4.0) # => 1.0 13.0.remainder(Rational(4, 1)) # => 1.0 Rational(13, 1).remainder(4) # => (1/1) Rational(13, 1).remainder(-4) # => (1/1) Rational(-13, 1).remainder(4) # => (-1/1) Rational(-13, 1).remainder(-4) # => (-1/1)
Returns self truncated (toward zero) to a precision of digits decimal digits.
Numeric implements this by converting self to a Float and invoking Float#truncate.
Generates a sequence of numbers; with a block given, traverses the sequence.
Of the Core and Standard Library classes,
Integer, Float, and Rational use this implementation.
A quick example:
squares = []
1.step(by: 2, to: 10) {|i| squares.push(i*i) }
squares # => [1, 9, 25, 49, 81]
The generated sequence:
- Begins with +self+.
- Continues at intervals of +step+ (which may not be zero).
- Ends with the last number that is within or equal to +limit+;
that is, less than or equal to +limit+ if +step+ is positive,
greater than or equal to +limit+ if +step+ is negative.
If +limit+ is not given, the sequence is of infinite length.
If a block is given, calls the block with each number in the sequence;
returns +self+. If no block is given, returns an Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence.
<b>Keyword Arguments</b>
With keyword arguments +by+ and +to+,
their values (or defaults) determine the step and limit:
# Both keywords given.
squares = []
4.step(by: 2, to: 10) {|i| squares.push(i*i) } # => 4
squares # => [16, 36, 64, 100]
cubes = []
3.step(by: -1.5, to: -3) {|i| cubes.push(i*i*i) } # => 3
cubes # => [27.0, 3.375, 0.0, -3.375, -27.0]
squares = []
1.2.step(by: 0.2, to: 2.0) {|f| squares.push(f*f) }
squares # => [1.44, 1.9599999999999997, 2.5600000000000005, 3.24, 4.0]
squares = []
Rational(6/5).step(by: 0.2, to: 2.0) {|r| squares.push(r*r) }
squares # => [1.0, 1.44, 1.9599999999999997, 2.5600000000000005, 3.24, 4.0]
# Only keyword to given.
squares = []
4.step(to: 10) {|i| squares.push(i*i) } # => 4
squares # => [16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
# Only by given.
# Only keyword by given
squares = []
4.step(by:2) {|i| squares.push(i*i); break if i > 10 }
squares # => [16, 36, 64, 100, 144]
# No block given.
e = 3.step(by: -1.5, to: -3) # => (3.step(by: -1.5, to: -3))
e.class # => Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence
<b>Positional Arguments</b>
With optional positional arguments +limit+ and +step+,
their values (or defaults) determine the step and limit:
squares = []
4.step(10, 2) {|i| squares.push(i*i) } # => 4
squares # => [16, 36, 64, 100]
squares = []
4.step(10) {|i| squares.push(i*i) }
squares # => [16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
squares = []
4.step {|i| squares.push(i*i); break if i > 10 } # => nil
squares # => [16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121]
Implementation Notes
If all the arguments are integers, the loop operates using an integer counter. If any of the arguments are floating point numbers, all are converted to floats, and the loop is executed <i>floor(n + n*Float::EPSILON) + 1</i> times, where <i>n = (limit - self)/step</i>.
Returns true if num is a finite number, otherwise returns false.
Returns zero.
Returns the denominator (always positive).
Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.
Returns self truncated (toward zero) to a precision of ndigits decimal digits.
When ndigits is positive, returns a float with ndigits digits after the decimal point (as available):
f = 12345.6789 f.truncate(1) # => 12345.6 f.truncate(3) # => 12345.678 f = -12345.6789 f.truncate(1) # => -12345.6 f.truncate(3) # => -12345.678
When ndigits is negative, returns an integer with at least ndigits.abs trailing zeros:
f = 12345.6789 f.truncate(0) # => 12345 f.truncate(-3) # => 12000 f = -12345.6789 f.truncate(0) # => -12345 f.truncate(-3) # => -12000
Note that the limited precision of floating-point arithmetic may lead to surprising results:
(0.3 / 0.1).truncate #=> 2 (!)
Related: Float#round.