Creates or an HTTP connection based on uri, or retrieves an existing connection, using a proxy if needed.
Raises PStore::Error if the calling code is not in a PStore#transaction or if the code is in a read-only PStore#transaction.
Returns the status of the global “abort on exception” condition.
The default is false.
When set to true, if any thread is aborted by an exception, the raised exception will be re-raised in the main thread.
Can also be specified by the global $DEBUG flag or command line option -d.
See also ::abort_on_exception=.
There is also an instance level method to set this for a specific thread, see abort_on_exception.
When set to true, if any thread is aborted by an exception, the raised exception will be re-raised in the main thread. Returns the new state.
Thread.abort_on_exception = true t1 = Thread.new do puts "In new thread" raise "Exception from thread" end sleep(1) puts "not reached"
This will produce:
In new thread prog.rb:4: Exception from thread (RuntimeError) from prog.rb:2:in `initialize' from prog.rb:2:in `new' from prog.rb:2
See also ::abort_on_exception.
There is also an instance level method to set this for a specific thread, see abort_on_exception=.
Returns the status of the global “report on exception” condition.
The default is true since Ruby 2.5.
All threads created when this flag is true will report a message on $stderr if an exception kills the thread.
Thread.new { 1.times { raise } }
will produce this output on $stderr:
#<Thread:...> terminated with exception (report_on_exception is true):
Traceback (most recent call last):
2: from -e:1:in `block in <main>'
1: from -e:1:in `times'
This is done to catch errors in threads early. In some cases, you might not want this output. There are multiple ways to avoid the extra output:
If the exception is not intended, the best is to fix the cause of the exception so it does not happen anymore.
If the exception is intended, it might be better to rescue it closer to where it is raised rather then let it kill the Thread.
If it is guaranteed the Thread will be joined with Thread#join or Thread#value, then it is safe to disable this report with Thread.current.report_on_exception = false when starting the Thread. However, this might handle the exception much later, or not at all if the Thread is never joined due to the parent thread being blocked, etc.
See also ::report_on_exception=.
There is also an instance level method to set this for a specific thread, see report_on_exception=.
Returns the new state. When set to true, all threads created afterwards will inherit the condition and report a message on $stderr if an exception kills a thread:
Thread.report_on_exception = true t1 = Thread.new do puts "In new thread" raise "Exception from thread" end sleep(1) puts "In the main thread"
This will produce:
In new thread #<Thread:...prog.rb:2> terminated with exception (report_on_exception is true): Traceback (most recent call last): prog.rb:4:in `block in <main>': Exception from thread (RuntimeError) In the main thread
See also ::report_on_exception.
There is also an instance level method to set this for a specific thread, see report_on_exception=.
Returns the status of the thread-local “abort on exception” condition for this thr.
The default is false.
See also abort_on_exception=.
There is also a class level method to set this for all threads, see ::abort_on_exception.
When set to true, if this thr is aborted by an exception, the raised exception will be re-raised in the main thread.
See also abort_on_exception.
There is also a class level method to set this for all threads, see ::abort_on_exception=.
Returns the status of the thread-local “report on exception” condition for this thr.
The default value when creating a Thread is the value of the global flag Thread.report_on_exception.
See also report_on_exception=.
There is also a class level method to set this for all new threads, see ::report_on_exception=.
When set to true, a message is printed on $stderr if an exception kills this thr. See ::report_on_exception for details.
See also report_on_exception.
There is also a class level method to set this for all new threads, see ::report_on_exception=.
Starts tracing object allocations from the ObjectSpace extension module.
For example:
require 'objspace' class C include ObjectSpace def foo trace_object_allocations do obj = Object.new p "#{allocation_sourcefile(obj)}:#{allocation_sourceline(obj)}" end end end C.new.foo #=> "objtrace.rb:8"
This example has included the ObjectSpace module to make it easier to read, but you can also use the ::trace_object_allocations notation (recommended).
Note that this feature introduces a huge performance decrease and huge memory consumption.
Returns strongly connected components as an array of arrays of nodes. The array is sorted from children to parents. Each elements of the array represents a strongly connected component.
class G include TSort def initialize(g) @g = g end def tsort_each_child(n, &b) @g[n].each(&b) end def tsort_each_node(&b) @g.each_key(&b) end end graph = G.new({1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]}) p graph.strongly_connected_components #=> [[4], [2], [3], [1]] graph = G.new({1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]}) p graph.strongly_connected_components #=> [[4], [2, 3], [1]]
Returns strongly connected components as an array of arrays of nodes. The array is sorted from children to parents. Each elements of the array represents a strongly connected component.
The graph is represented by each_node and each_child. each_node should have call method which yields for each node in the graph. each_child should have call method which takes a node argument and yields for each child node.
g = {1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]} each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) } each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) } p TSort.strongly_connected_components(each_node, each_child) #=> [[4], [2], [3], [1]] g = {1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]} each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) } each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) } p TSort.strongly_connected_components(each_node, each_child) #=> [[4], [2, 3], [1]]
Returns a 2-element array [q, r], where
q = (self/other).floor # Quotient r = self % other # Remainder
Examples:
11.divmod(4) # => [2, 3] 11.divmod(-4) # => [-3, -1] -11.divmod(4) # => [-3, 1] -11.divmod(-4) # => [2, -3] 12.divmod(4) # => [3, 0] 12.divmod(-4) # => [-3, 0] -12.divmod(4) # => [-3, 0] -12.divmod(-4) # => [3, 0] 13.divmod(4.0) # => [3, 1.0] 13.divmod(Rational(4, 1)) # => [3, (1/1)]
Returns a 2-element array [q, r], where
q = (self/other).floor # Quotient r = self % other # Remainder
Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Rational uses this implementation.
Examples:
Rational(11, 1).divmod(4) # => [2, (3/1)] Rational(11, 1).divmod(-4) # => [-3, (-1/1)] Rational(-11, 1).divmod(4) # => [-3, (1/1)] Rational(-11, 1).divmod(-4) # => [2, (-3/1)] Rational(12, 1).divmod(4) # => [3, (0/1)] Rational(12, 1).divmod(-4) # => [-3, (0/1)] Rational(-12, 1).divmod(4) # => [-3, (0/1)] Rational(-12, 1).divmod(-4) # => [3, (0/1)] Rational(13, 1).divmod(4.0) # => [3, 1.0] Rational(13, 1).divmod(Rational(4, 11)) # => [35, (3/11)]
Returns a 2-element array [q, r], where
q = (self/other).floor # Quotient r = self % other # Remainder
Examples:
11.0.divmod(4) # => [2, 3.0] 11.0.divmod(-4) # => [-3, -1.0] -11.0.divmod(4) # => [-3, 1.0] -11.0.divmod(-4) # => [2, -3.0] 12.0.divmod(4) # => [3, 0.0] 12.0.divmod(-4) # => [-3, 0.0] -12.0.divmod(4) # => [-3, -0.0] -12.0.divmod(-4) # => [3, -0.0] 13.0.divmod(4.0) # => [3, 1.0] 13.0.divmod(Rational(4, 1)) # => [3, 1.0]
Changes permission bits on the named file(s) to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are operating system dependent (see the beginning of this section). On Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Returns the number of files processed.
File.chmod(0644, "testfile", "out") #=> 2
Equivalent to File::chmod, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the permissions associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available.