Numeric

Class

Numeric is the class from which all higher-level numeric classes should inherit.

Numeric allows instantiation of heap-allocated objects. Other core numeric classes such as Integer are implemented as immediates, which means that each Integer is a single immutable object which is always passed by value.

a = 1
1.object_id == a.object_id   #=> true

There can only ever be one instance of the integer 1, for example. Ruby ensures this by preventing instantiation. If duplication is attempted, the same instance is returned.

Integer.new(1)                   #=> NoMethodError: undefined method `new' for Integer:Class
1.dup                            #=> 1
1.object_id == 1.dup.object_id   #=> true

For this reason, Numeric should be used when defining other numeric classes.

Classes which inherit from Numeric must implement coerce, which returns a two-member Array containing an object that has been coerced into an instance of the new class and self (see coerce).

Inheriting classes should also implement arithmetic operator methods (+, -, * and /) and the <=> operator (see Comparable). These methods may rely on coerce to ensure interoperability with instances of other numeric classes.

class Tally < Numeric
  def initialize(string)
    @string = string
  end

  def to_s
    @string
  end

  def to_i
    @string.size
  end

  def coerce(other)
    [self.class.new('|' * other.to_i), self]
  end

  def <=>(other)
    to_i <=> other.to_i
  end

  def +(other)
    self.class.new('|' * (to_i + other.to_i))
  end

  def -(other)
    self.class.new('|' * (to_i - other.to_i))
  end

  def *(other)
    self.class.new('|' * (to_i * other.to_i))
  end

  def /(other)
    self.class.new('|' * (to_i / other.to_i))
  end
end

tally = Tally.new('||')
puts tally * 2            #=> "||||"
puts tally > 1            #=> true

What’s Here

First, what’s elsewhere. Class Numeric:

Inherits from class Object.
Includes module Comparable.

Here, class Numeric provides methods for:

Querying
Comparing
Converting
Other

Querying

finite?

Returns true unless self is infinite or not a number.
infinite?

Returns -1, nil or +1, depending on whether self is -Infinity<tt>, finite, or <tt>+Infinity.
integer?

Returns whether self is an integer.
negative?

Returns whether self is negative.
nonzero?

Returns whether self is not zero.
positive?

Returns whether self is positive.
real?

Returns whether self is a real value.
zero?

Returns whether self is zero.

Comparing

<=>

Returns:
- -1 if self is less than the given value.
- 0 if self is equal to the given value.
- 1 if self is greater than the given value.
- nil if self and the given value are not comparable.
eql?

Returns whether self and the given value have the same value and type.

Converting

% (aliased as modulo)

Returns the remainder of self divided by the given value.
-@

Returns the value of self, negated.
abs (aliased as magnitude)

Returns the absolute value of self.
abs2

Returns the square of self.
angle (aliased as arg and phase)

Returns 0 if self is positive, Math::PI otherwise.
ceil

Returns the smallest number greater than or equal to self, to a given precision.
coerce

Returns array [coerced_self, coerced_other] for the given other value.
conj (aliased as conjugate)

Returns the complex conjugate of self.
denominator

Returns the denominator (always positive) of the Rational representation of self.
div

Returns the value of self divided by the given value and converted to an integer.
divmod

Returns array [quotient, modulus] resulting from dividing self the given divisor.
fdiv

Returns the Float result of dividing self by the given divisor.
floor

Returns the largest number less than or equal to self, to a given precision.
i

Returns the Complex object Complex(0, self). the given value.
imaginary (aliased as imag)

Returns the imaginary part of the self.
numerator

Returns the numerator of the Rational representation of self; has the same sign as self.
polar

Returns the array [self.abs, self.arg].
quo

Returns the value of self divided by the given value.
real

Returns the real part of self.
rect (aliased as rectangular)

Returns the array [self, 0].
remainder

Returns self-arg*(self/arg).truncate for the given arg.
round

Returns the value of self rounded to the nearest value for the given a precision.
to_c

Returns the Complex representation of self.
to_int

Returns the Integer representation of self, truncating if necessary.
truncate

Returns self truncated (toward zero) to a given precision.

Other

clone

Returns self; does not allow freezing.
dup (aliased as +@)

Returns self.
step

Invokes the given block with the sequence of specified numbers.

Instance Methods

self % other → real_numeric

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_modulo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    VALUE q = num_funcall1(x, id_div, y);
    return rb_funcall(x, '-', 1,
                      rb_funcall(y, '*', 1, q));
}

Returns self modulo other as a real number.

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Rational uses this implementation.

For Rational r and real number n, these expressions are equivalent:

c % n
c-n*(c/n).floor
c.divmod(n)[1]

See Numeric#divmod.

Examples:

r = Rational(1, 2)    # => (1/2)
r2 = Rational(2, 3)   # => (2/3)
r % r2                # => (1/2)
r % 2                 # => (1/2)
r % 2.0               # => 0.5

r = Rational(301,100) # => (301/100)
r2 = Rational(7,5)    # => (7/5)
r % r2                # => (21/100)
r % -r2               # => (-119/100)
(-r) % r2             # => (119/100)
(-r) %-r2             # => (-21/100)

Numeric#modulo is an alias for Numeric#%.

+self → self

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_uplus(VALUE num)
{
    return num;
}

Returns self.

-self → numeric

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_uminus(VALUE num)
{
    VALUE zero;

    zero = INT2FIX(0);
    do_coerce(&zero, &num, TRUE);

    return num_funcall1(zero, '-', num);
}

Unary Minus—Returns the receiver, negated.

self <=> other → zero or nil

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (x == y) return INT2FIX(0);
    return Qnil;
}

Returns zero if self is the same as other, nil otherwise.

No subclass in the Ruby Core or Standard Library uses this implementation.

abs → numeric

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_abs(VALUE num)
{
    if (rb_num_negative_int_p(num)) {
        return num_funcall0(num, idUMinus);
    }
    return num;
}

Returns the absolute value of self.

12.abs        #=> 12
(-34.56).abs  #=> 34.56
-34.56.abs    #=> 34.56

Numeric#magnitude is an alias for Numeric#abs.

num.abs2 → real

complex.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_abs2(VALUE self)
{
    return f_mul(self, self);
}

Returns square of self.

num.angle → 0 or float

complex.c View on GitHub

An alias for arg

num.arg → 0 or float

complex.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_arg(VALUE self)
{
    if (f_positive_p(self))
        return INT2FIX(0);
    return DBL2NUM(M_PI);
}

Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.

ceil(digits = 0) → integer or float

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_ceil(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    return flo_ceil(argc, argv, rb_Float(num));
}

Returns the smallest number that is greater than or equal to self with a precision of digits decimal digits.

Numeric implements this by converting self to a Float and invoking Float#ceil.

clone(freeze: true) → self

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_clone(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE x)
{
    return rb_immutable_obj_clone(argc, argv, x);
}

Returns self.

Raises an exception if the value for freeze is neither true nor nil.

Related: Numeric#dup.

coerce(other) → array

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (CLASS_OF(x) == CLASS_OF(y))
        return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
    x = rb_Float(x);
    y = rb_Float(y);
    return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
}

Returns a 2-element array containing two numeric elements, formed from the two operands self and other, of a common compatible type.

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, Integer, Rational, and Complex use this implementation.

Examples:

i = 2                    # => 2
i.coerce(3)              # => [3, 2]
i.coerce(3.0)            # => [3.0, 2.0]
i.coerce(Rational(1, 2)) # => [0.5, 2.0]
i.coerce(Complex(3, 4))  # Raises RangeError.

r = Rational(5, 2)       # => (5/2)
r.coerce(2)              # => [(2/1), (5/2)]
r.coerce(2.0)            # => [2.0, 2.5]
r.coerce(Rational(2, 3)) # => [(2/3), (5/2)]
r.coerce(Complex(3, 4))  # => [(3+4i), ((5/2)+0i)]

c = Complex(2, 3)        # => (2+3i)
c.coerce(2)              # => [(2+0i), (2+3i)]
c.coerce(2.0)            # => [(2.0+0i), (2+3i)]
c.coerce(Rational(1, 2)) # => [((1/2)+0i), (2+3i)]
c.coerce(Complex(3, 4))  # => [(3+4i), (2+3i)]

Raises an exception if any type conversion fails.

num.conj → self

complex.c View on GitHub

An alias for conjugate

num.conjugate → self

complex.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_conj(VALUE self)
{
    return self;
}

Returns self.

num.denominator → integer

rational.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_denominator(VALUE self)
{
    return f_denominator(f_to_r(self));
}

Returns the denominator (always positive).

div(other) → integer

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (rb_equal(INT2FIX(0), y)) rb_num_zerodiv();
    return rb_funcall(num_funcall1(x, '/', y), rb_intern("floor"), 0);
}

Returns the quotient self/other as an integer (via floor), using method / in the derived class of self. (Numeric itself does not define method /.)

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, Float, Rational, and Complex use this implementation.

divmod(other) → array

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return rb_assoc_new(num_div(x, y), num_modulo(x, y));
}

Returns a 2-element array [q, r], where

q = (self/other).floor                  # Quotient
r = self % other                        # Remainder

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Rational uses this implementation.

Examples:

Rational(11, 1).divmod(4)               # => [2, (3/1)]
Rational(11, 1).divmod(-4)              # => [-3, (-1/1)]
Rational(-11, 1).divmod(4)              # => [-3, (1/1)]
Rational(-11, 1).divmod(-4)             # => [2, (-3/1)]

Rational(12, 1).divmod(4)               # => [3, (0/1)]
Rational(12, 1).divmod(-4)              # => [-3, (0/1)]
Rational(-12, 1).divmod(4)              # => [-3, (0/1)]
Rational(-12, 1).divmod(-4)             # => [3, (0/1)]

Rational(13, 1).divmod(4.0)             # => [3, 1.0]
Rational(13, 1).divmod(Rational(4, 11)) # => [35, (3/11)]

dup → self

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_dup(VALUE x)
{
    return x;
}

Returns self.

Related: Numeric#clone.

eql?(other) → true or false

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_eql(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (TYPE(x) != TYPE(y)) return Qfalse;

    if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(x)) {
        return rb_big_eql(x, y);
    }

    return rb_equal(x, y);
}

Returns true if self and other are the same type and have equal values.

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Integer, Rational, and Complex use this implementation.

Examples:

1.eql?(1)              # => true
1.eql?(1.0)            # => false
1.eql?(Rational(1, 1)) # => false
1.eql?(Complex(1, 0))  # => false

Method eql? is different from +==+ in that eql? requires matching types, while +==+ does not.

fdiv(other) → float

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_Float(x), '/', 1, y);
}

Returns the quotient self/other as a float, using method / in the derived class of self. (Numeric itself does not define method /.)

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only BigDecimal uses this implementation.

num.finite? → true or false

numeric.rb View on GitHub

          
            # File tmp/rubies/ruby-3.1.3/numeric.rb, line 31
def finite?
  return true
end

Returns true if num is a finite number, otherwise returns false.

floor(digits = 0) → integer or float

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_floor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    return flo_floor(argc, argv, rb_Float(num));
}

Returns the largest number that is less than or equal to self with a precision of digits decimal digits.

Numeric implements this by converting self to a Float and invoking Float#floor.

i → complex

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_imaginary(VALUE num)
{
    return rb_complex_new(INT2FIX(0), num);
}

Returns Complex(0, self):

2.i              # => (0+2i)
-2.i             # => (0-2i)
2.0.i            # => (0+2.0i)
Rational(1, 2).i # => (0+(1/2)*i)
Complex(3, 4).i  # Raises NoMethodError.

num.imag → 0

complex.c View on GitHub

An alias for imaginary

num.imaginary → 0

complex.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_imag(VALUE self)
{
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

Returns zero.

num.infinite? → -1, 1, or nil

numeric.rb View on GitHub

          
            # File tmp/rubies/ruby-3.1.3/numeric.rb, line 42
def infinite?
  return nil
end

Returns nil, -1, or 1 depending on whether the value is finite, -Infinity, or +Infinity.

num.integer? → true or false

numeric.rb View on GitHub

          
            # File tmp/rubies/ruby-3.1.3/numeric.rb, line 21
def integer?
  return false
end

Returns true if num is an Integer.

1.0.integer?   #=> false
1.integer?     #=> true

          
            static VALUE
num_negative_p(VALUE num)
{
    return RBOOL(rb_num_negative_int_p(num));
}

Returns true if self is less than 0, false otherwise.

nonzero? → self or nil

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_nonzero_p(VALUE num)
{
    if (RTEST(num_funcall0(num, rb_intern("zero?")))) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    return num;
}

Returns self if self is not a zero value, nil otherwise; uses method zero? for the evaluation.

The returned self allows the method to be chained:

a = %w[z Bb bB bb BB a aA Aa AA A]
a.sort {|a, b| (a.downcase <=> b.downcase).nonzero? || a <=> b }
# => ["A", "a", "AA", "Aa", "aA", "BB", "Bb", "bB", "bb", "z"]

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, Integer, Float, Rational, and Complex use this implementation.

num.numerator → integer

rational.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_numerator(VALUE self)
{
    return f_numerator(f_to_r(self));
}

Returns the numerator.

num.phase → 0 or float

complex.c View on GitHub

An alias for arg

num.polar → array

complex.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_polar(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE abs, arg;

    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(self)) {
        abs = rb_int_abs(self);
        arg = numeric_arg(self);
    }
    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(self)) {
        abs = rb_float_abs(self);
        arg = float_arg(self);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(self, T_RATIONAL)) {
        abs = rb_rational_abs(self);
        arg = numeric_arg(self);
    }
    else {
        abs = f_abs(self);
        arg = f_arg(self);
    }
    return rb_assoc_new(abs, arg);
}

Returns an array; [num.abs, num.arg].

positive? → true or false

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_positive_p(VALUE num)
{
    const ID mid = '>';

    if (FIXNUM_P(num)) {
        if (method_basic_p(rb_cInteger))
            return RBOOL((SIGNED_VALUE)num > (SIGNED_VALUE)INT2FIX(0));
    }
    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(num)) {
        if (method_basic_p(rb_cInteger))
            return RBOOL(BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(num) && !rb_bigzero_p(num));
    }
    return rb_num_compare_with_zero(num, mid);
}

Returns true if self is greater than 0, false otherwise.

num.quo(int_or_rat) → rat

num.quo(flo) → flo

rational.c View on GitHub

          
            VALUE
rb_numeric_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
        return rb_complex_div(x, y);
    }

    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
        return rb_funcallv(x, idFdiv, 1, &y);
    }

    x = rb_convert_type(x, T_RATIONAL, "Rational", "to_r");
    return rb_rational_div(x, y);
}

Returns the most exact division (rational for integers, float for floats).

num.real → self

complex.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_real(VALUE self)
{
    return self;
}

Returns self.

num.real? → true or false

numeric.rb View on GitHub

          
            # File tmp/rubies/ruby-3.1.3/numeric.rb, line 8
def real?
  return true
end

Returns true if num is a real number (i.e. not Complex).

num.rect → array

complex.c View on GitHub

An alias for rectangular

num.rectangular → array

complex.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_rect(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_assoc_new(self, INT2FIX(0));
}

Returns an array; [num, 0].

remainder(other) → real_number

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_remainder(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    VALUE z = num_funcall1(x, '%', y);

    if ((!rb_equal(z, INT2FIX(0))) &&
        ((rb_num_negative_int_p(x) &&
          rb_num_positive_int_p(y)) ||
         (rb_num_positive_int_p(x) &&
          rb_num_negative_int_p(y)))) {
        if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
            if (isinf(RFLOAT_VALUE(y))) {
                return x;
            }
        }
        return rb_funcall(z, '-', 1, y);
    }
    return z;
}

Returns the remainder after dividing self by other.

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Float and Rational use this implementation.

Examples:

11.0.remainder(4)              # => 3.0
11.0.remainder(-4)             # => 3.0
-11.0.remainder(4)             # => -3.0
-11.0.remainder(-4)            # => -3.0

12.0.remainder(4)              # => 0.0
12.0.remainder(-4)             # => 0.0
-12.0.remainder(4)             # => -0.0
-12.0.remainder(-4)            # => -0.0

13.0.remainder(4.0)            # => 1.0
13.0.remainder(Rational(4, 1)) # => 1.0

Rational(13, 1).remainder(4)   # => (1/1)
Rational(13, 1).remainder(-4)  # => (1/1)
Rational(-13, 1).remainder(4)  # => (-1/1)
Rational(-13, 1).remainder(-4) # => (-1/1)

round(digits = 0) → integer or float

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_round(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE num)
{
    return flo_round(argc, argv, rb_Float(num));
}

Returns self rounded to the nearest value with a precision of digits decimal digits.

Numeric implements this by converting self to a Float and invoking Float#round.

          
            static VALUE
num_step(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE from)
{
    VALUE to, step;
    int desc, inf;

    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
        VALUE by = Qundef;

        num_step_extract_args(argc, argv, &to, &step, &by);
        if (by != Qundef) {
            step = by;
        }
        if (NIL_P(step)) {
            step = INT2FIX(1);
        }
        else if (rb_equal(step, INT2FIX(0))) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "step can't be 0");
        }
        if ((NIL_P(to) || rb_obj_is_kind_of(to, rb_cNumeric)) &&
            rb_obj_is_kind_of(step, rb_cNumeric)) {
            return rb_arith_seq_new(from, ID2SYM(rb_frame_this_func()), argc, argv,
                                    num_step_size, from, to, step, FALSE);
        }

        return SIZED_ENUMERATOR(from, 2, ((VALUE [2]){to, step}), num_step_size);
    }

    desc = num_step_scan_args(argc, argv, &to, &step, TRUE, FALSE);
    if (rb_equal(step, INT2FIX(0))) {
        inf = 1;
    }
    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(to)) {
        double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(to);
        inf = isinf(f) && (signbit(f) ? desc : !desc);
    }
    else inf = 0;

    if (FIXNUM_P(from) && (inf || FIXNUM_P(to)) && FIXNUM_P(step)) {
        long i = FIX2LONG(from);
        long diff = FIX2LONG(step);

        if (inf) {
            for (;; i += diff)
                rb_yield(LONG2FIX(i));
        }
        else {
            long end = FIX2LONG(to);

            if (desc) {
                for (; i >= end; i += diff)
                    rb_yield(LONG2FIX(i));
            }
            else {
                for (; i <= end; i += diff)
                    rb_yield(LONG2FIX(i));
            }
        }
    }
    else if (!ruby_float_step(from, to, step, FALSE, FALSE)) {
        VALUE i = from;

        if (inf) {
            for (;; i = rb_funcall(i, '+', 1, step))
                rb_yield(i);
        }
        else {
            ID cmp = desc ? '<' : '>';

            for (; !RTEST(rb_funcall(i, cmp, 1, to)); i = rb_funcall(i, '+', 1, step))
                rb_yield(i);
        }
    }
    return from;
}

Generates a sequence of numbers; with a block given, traverses the sequence.

Of the Core and Standard Library classes,
Integer, Float, and Rational use this implementation.

A quick example:

  squares = []
  1.step(by: 2, to: 10) {|i| squares.push(i*i) }
  squares # => [1, 9, 25, 49, 81]

The generated sequence:

- Begins with +self+.
- Continues at intervals of +step+ (which may not be zero).
- Ends with the last number that is within or equal to +limit+;
  that is, less than or equal to +limit+ if +step+ is positive,
  greater than or equal to +limit+ if +step+ is negative.
  If +limit+ is not given, the sequence is of infinite length.

If a block is given, calls the block with each number in the sequence;
returns +self+.  If no block is given, returns an Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence.

<b>Keyword Arguments</b>

With keyword arguments +by+ and +to+,
their values (or defaults) determine the step and limit:

  # Both keywords given.
  squares = []
  4.step(by: 2, to: 10) {|i| squares.push(i*i) }    # => 4
  squares # => [16, 36, 64, 100]
  cubes = []
  3.step(by: -1.5, to: -3) {|i| cubes.push(i*i*i) } # => 3
  cubes   # => [27.0, 3.375, 0.0, -3.375, -27.0]
  squares = []
  1.2.step(by: 0.2, to: 2.0) {|f| squares.push(f*f) }
  squares # => [1.44, 1.9599999999999997, 2.5600000000000005, 3.24, 4.0]

  squares = []
  Rational(6/5).step(by: 0.2, to: 2.0) {|r| squares.push(r*r) }
  squares # => [1.0, 1.44, 1.9599999999999997, 2.5600000000000005, 3.24, 4.0]

  # Only keyword to given.
  squares = []
  4.step(to: 10) {|i| squares.push(i*i) }           # => 4
  squares # => [16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
  # Only by given.

  # Only keyword by given
  squares = []
  4.step(by:2) {|i| squares.push(i*i); break if i > 10 }
  squares # => [16, 36, 64, 100, 144]

  # No block given.
  e = 3.step(by: -1.5, to: -3) # => (3.step(by: -1.5, to: -3))
  e.class                      # => Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence

<b>Positional Arguments</b>

With optional positional arguments +limit+ and +step+,
their values (or defaults) determine the step and limit:

  squares = []
  4.step(10, 2) {|i| squares.push(i*i) }    # => 4
  squares # => [16, 36, 64, 100]
  squares = []
  4.step(10) {|i| squares.push(i*i) }
  squares # => [16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
  squares = []
  4.step {|i| squares.push(i*i); break if i > 10 }  # => nil
  squares # => [16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121]

Implementation Notes

If all the arguments are integers, the loop operates using an integer
counter.

If any of the arguments are floating point numbers, all are converted
to floats, and the loop is executed
<i>floor(n + n*Float::EPSILON) + 1</i> times,
where <i>n = (limit - self)/step</i>.

num.to_c → complex

complex.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
numeric_to_c(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_complex_new1(self);
}

Returns the value as a complex.

to_int → integer

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_to_int(VALUE num)
{
    return num_funcall0(num, id_to_i);
}

Returns self as an integer; converts using method to_i in the derived class.

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Rational and Complex use this implementation.

Examples:

Rational(1, 2).to_int # => 0
Rational(2, 1).to_int # => 2
Complex(2, 0).to_int  # => 2
Complex(2, 1)         # Raises RangeError (non-zero imaginary part)

truncate(digits = 0) → integer or float

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_truncate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    return flo_truncate(argc, argv, rb_Float(num));
}

Returns self truncated (toward zero) to a precision of digits decimal digits.

Numeric implements this by converting self to a Float and invoking Float#truncate.

zero? → true or false

numeric.c View on GitHub

          
            static VALUE
num_zero_p(VALUE num)
{
    return rb_equal(num, INT2FIX(0));
}

Returns true if zero has a zero value, false otherwise.

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Rational and Complex use this implementation.

Numeric

What’s Here

Querying

Comparing

Converting

Other

self % other → real_numeric

+self → self

-self → numeric

self <=> other → zero or nil

abs → numeric

num.abs2 → real

num.angle → 0 or float

num.arg → 0 or float

ceil(digits = 0) → integer or float

clone(freeze: true) → self

coerce(other) → array

num.conj → self

num.conjugate → self

num.denominator → integer

div(other) → integer

divmod(other) → array

dup → self

eql?(other) → true or false

fdiv(other) → float

num.finite? → true or false

floor(digits = 0) → integer or float

i → complex

num.imag → 0

num.imaginary → 0

num.infinite? → -1, 1, or nil

num.integer? → true or false

magnitude

modulo(p1)

negative? → true or false

nonzero? → self or nil

num.numerator → integer

num.phase → 0 or float

num.polar → array

positive? → true or false

num.quo(int_or_rat) → rat

num.quo(flo) → flo

num.real → self

num.real? → true or false

num.rect → array

num.rectangular → array

remainder(other) → real_number

round(digits = 0) → integer or float

step(to = nil, by = 1) {|n| ... } → self

step(to = nil, by = 1) → enumerator

step(to = nil, by: 1) {|n| ... } → self

step(to = nil, by: 1) → enumerator

step(by: 1, to: ) {|n| ... } → self

step(by: 1, to: ) → enumerator

step(by: , to: nil) {|n| ... } → self

step(by: , to: nil) → enumerator

num.to_c → complex

to_int → integer

truncate(digits = 0) → integer or float

zero? → true or false