Results for: "uniq!"

Removes duplicate elements from self.

If a block is given, it will use the return value of the block for comparison.

It compares values using their hash and eql? methods for efficiency.

self is traversed in order, and the first occurrence is kept.

Returns nil if no changes are made (that is, no duplicates are found).

a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
a.uniq!   # => ["a", "b", "c"]

b = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
b.uniq!   # => nil

c = [["student","sam"], ["student","george"], ["teacher","matz"]]
c.uniq! { |s| s.first } # => [["student", "sam"], ["teacher", "matz"]]

UNIXServer represents a UNIX domain stream server socket.

UNIXSocket represents a UNIX domain stream client socket.

Ruby supports two forms of objectified methods. Class Method is used to represent methods that are associated with a particular object: these method objects are bound to that object. Bound method objects for an object can be created using Object#method.

Ruby also supports unbound methods; methods objects that are not associated with a particular object. These can be created either by calling Module#instance_method or by calling unbind on a bound method object. The result of both of these is an UnboundMethod object.

Unbound methods can only be called after they are bound to an object. That object must be a kind_of? the method’s original class.

class Square
  def area
    @side * @side
  end
  def initialize(side)
    @side = side
  end
end

area_un = Square.instance_method(:area)

s = Square.new(12)
area = area_un.bind(s)
area.call   #=> 144

Unbound methods are a reference to the method at the time it was objectified: subsequent changes to the underlying class will not affect the unbound method.

class Test
  def test
    :original
  end
end
um = Test.instance_method(:test)
class Test
  def test
    :modified
  end
end
t = Test.new
t.test            #=> :modified
um.bind(t).call   #=> :original

define UnicodeNormalize module here so that we don’t have to look it up

C union shell

A C union wrapper

This exception is raised if the required unicode support is missing on the system. Usually this means that the iconv library is not installed.

Implements DRb over a UNIX socket

DRb UNIX socket URIs look like drbunix:<path>?<option>. The option is optional.

An Uninstaller.

The uninstaller fires pre and post uninstall hooks. Hooks can be added either through a rubygems_plugin.rb file in an installed gem or via a rubygems/defaults/#{RUBY_ENGINE}.rb or rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb file. See Gem.pre_uninstall and Gem.post_uninstall for details.

The class of the singleton object nil.

A generic error class raised when an invalid operation is attempted. Kernel#raise will raise a RuntimeError if no Exception class is specified.

raise "ouch"

raises the exception:

RuntimeError: ouch

Raised when OLE processing failed.

EX:

obj = WIN32OLE.new("NonExistProgID")

raises the exception:

WIN32OLERuntimeError: unknown OLE server: `NonExistProgID'
    HRESULT error code:0x800401f3
      Invalid class string

Use the Monitor class when you want to have a lock object for blocks with mutual exclusion.

require 'monitor'

lock = Monitor.new
lock.synchronize do
  # exclusive access
end

A class that provides two-phase lock with a counter. See Sync_m for details.

A class that provides two-phase lock with a counter. See Sync_m for details.

Raised when throw is called with a tag which does not have corresponding catch block.

throw "foo", "bar"

raises the exception:

UncaughtThrowError: uncaught throw "foo"

The Warning module contains a single method named warn, and the module extends itself, making Warning.warn available. Warning.warn is called for all warnings issued by Ruby. By default, warnings are printed to $stderr.

By overriding Warning.warn, you can change how warnings are handled by Ruby, either filtering some warnings, and/or outputting warnings somewhere other than $stderr. When Warning.warn is overridden, super can be called to get the default behavior of printing the warning to $stderr.

In concurrent programming, a monitor is an object or module intended to be used safely by more than one thread. The defining characteristic of a monitor is that its methods are executed with mutual exclusion. That is, at each point in time, at most one thread may be executing any of its methods. This mutual exclusion greatly simplifies reasoning about the implementation of monitors compared to reasoning about parallel code that updates a data structure.

You can read more about the general principles on the Wikipedia page for Monitors

Examples

Simple object.extend

require 'monitor.rb'

buf = []
buf.extend(MonitorMixin)
empty_cond = buf.new_cond

# consumer
Thread.start do
  loop do
    buf.synchronize do
      empty_cond.wait_while { buf.empty? }
      print buf.shift
    end
  end
end

# producer
while line = ARGF.gets
  buf.synchronize do
    buf.push(line)
    empty_cond.signal
  end
end

The consumer thread waits for the producer thread to push a line to buf while buf.empty?. The producer thread (main thread) reads a line from ARGF and pushes it into buf then calls empty_cond.signal to notify the consumer thread of new data.

Simple Class include

require 'monitor'

class SynchronizedArray < Array

  include MonitorMixin

  def initialize(*args)
    super(*args)
  end

  alias :old_shift :shift
  alias :old_unshift :unshift

  def shift(n=1)
    self.synchronize do
      self.old_shift(n)
    end
  end

  def unshift(item)
    self.synchronize do
      self.old_unshift(item)
    end
  end

  # other methods ...
end

SynchronizedArray implements an Array with synchronized access to items. This Class is implemented as subclass of Array which includes the MonitorMixin module.

A module that provides a two-phase lock with a counter.

A module that provides a two-phase lock with a counter.

Gem uninstaller command line tool

See ‘gem help uninstall`

Description

A representation of a C function

Examples

‘strcpy’

@libc = Fiddle.dlopen "/lib/libc.so.6"
   #=> #<Fiddle::Handle:0x00000001d7a8d8>
f = Fiddle::Function.new(
  @libc['strcpy'],
  [Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP, Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP],
  Fiddle::TYPE_VOIDP)
   #=> #<Fiddle::Function:0x00000001d8ee00>
buff = "000"
   #=> "000"
str = f.call(buff, "123")
   #=> #<Fiddle::Pointer:0x00000001d0c380 ptr=0x000000018a21b8 size=0 free=0x00000000000000>
str.to_s
=> "123"

ABI check

@libc = Fiddle.dlopen "/lib/libc.so.6"
   #=> #<Fiddle::Handle:0x00000001d7a8d8>
f = Fiddle::Function.new(@libc['strcpy'], [TYPE_VOIDP, TYPE_VOIDP], TYPE_VOIDP)
   #=> #<Fiddle::Function:0x00000001d8ee00>
f.abi == Fiddle::Function::DEFAULT
   #=> true

This exception is raised if a generator or unparser error occurs.

Error raised by the DRb module when an attempt is made to refer to the context’s current drb server but the context does not have one. See current_server.