Returns an IO object representing the current file. This will be a File object unless the current file is a stream such as STDIN.
For example:
ARGF.to_io #=> #<File:glark.txt> ARGF.to_io #=> #<IO:<STDIN>>
Reads at most maxlen bytes from the ARGF stream in non-blocking mode.
Returns a string containing the IP address representation with prefix.
Returns a json string containing the IP address representation.
Returns the IPv6 zone identifier, if present. Raises InvalidAddressError if not an IPv6 address.
Returns the IPv6 zone identifier, if present. Raises InvalidAddressError if not an IPv6 address.
Creates an option from the given parameters params. See Parameters for New Options.
The block, if given, is the handler for the created option. When the option is encountered during command-line parsing, the block is called with the argument given for the option, if any. See Option Handlers.
The new option is added at the head of the summary.
Creates an option from the given parameters params. See Parameters for New Options.
The block, if given, is the handler for the created option. When the option is encountered during command-line parsing, the block is called with the argument given for the option, if any. See Option Handlers.
The new option is added at the tail of the summary.
Returns the object for which the receiver is the singleton class.
Raises an TypeError if the class is not a singleton class.
class Foo; end Foo.singleton_class.attached_object #=> Foo Foo.attached_object #=> TypeError: `Foo' is not a singleton class Foo.new.singleton_class.attached_object #=> #<Foo:0x000000010491a370> TrueClass.attached_object #=> TypeError: `TrueClass' is not a singleton class NilClass.attached_object #=> TypeError: `NilClass' is not a singleton class
Removes tracing for the specified command on the given global variable and returns nil. If no command is specified, removes all tracing for that variable and returns an array containing the commands actually removed.
Returns a pretty printed object as a string.
See the PP module for more information.
Ruby tries to load the library named string relative to the directory containing the requiring file. If the file does not exist a LoadError is raised. Returns true if the file was loaded and false if the file was already loaded before.
Calls the block with each successive overlapped n-tuple of elements; returns self:
a = [] (1..5).each_cons(3) {|element| a.push(element) } a # => [[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5]] a = [] h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2, bam: 3} h.each_cons(2) {|element| a.push(element) } a # => [[[:foo, 0], [:bar, 1]], [[:bar, 1], [:baz, 2]], [[:baz, 2], [:bam, 3]]]
With no block given, returns an Enumerator.
Returns the Ruby objects created by parsing the given source.
BEWARE: This method is meant to serialise data from trusted user input, like from your own database server or clients under your control, it could be dangerous to allow untrusted users to pass JSON sources into it.
Argument source must be, or be convertible to, a String:
If source responds to instance method to_str, source.to_str becomes the source.
If source responds to instance method to_io, source.to_io.read becomes the source.
If source responds to instance method read, source.read becomes the source.
If both of the following are true, source becomes the String 'null':
Option allow_blank specifies a truthy value.
The source, as defined above, is nil or the empty String ''.
Otherwise, source remains the source.
Argument proc, if given, must be a Proc that accepts one argument. It will be called recursively with each result (depth-first order). See details below.
Argument opts, if given, contains a Hash of options for the parsing. See Parsing Options. The default options can be changed via method JSON.unsafe_load_default_options=.
When no proc is given, modifies source as above and returns the result of parse(source, opts); see parse.
Source for following examples:
source = <<~JSON { "name": "Dave", "age" :40, "hats": [ "Cattleman's", "Panama", "Tophat" ] } JSON
Load a String:
ruby = JSON.unsafe_load(source) ruby # => {"name"=>"Dave", "age"=>40, "hats"=>["Cattleman's", "Panama", "Tophat"]}
Load an IO object:
require 'stringio' object = JSON.unsafe_load(StringIO.new(source)) object # => {"name"=>"Dave", "age"=>40, "hats"=>["Cattleman's", "Panama", "Tophat"]}
Load a File object:
path = 't.json' File.write(path, source) File.open(path) do |file| JSON.unsafe_load(file) end # => {"name"=>"Dave", "age"=>40, "hats"=>["Cattleman's", "Panama", "Tophat"]}
When proc is given:
Modifies source as above.
Gets the result from calling parse(source, opts).
Recursively calls proc(result).
Returns the final result.
Example:
require 'json' # Some classes for the example. class Base def initialize(attributes) @attributes = attributes end end class User < Base; end class Account < Base; end class Admin < Base; end # The JSON source. json = <<-EOF { "users": [ {"type": "User", "username": "jane", "email": "jane@example.com"}, {"type": "User", "username": "john", "email": "john@example.com"} ], "accounts": [ {"account": {"type": "Account", "paid": true, "account_id": "1234"}}, {"account": {"type": "Account", "paid": false, "account_id": "1235"}} ], "admins": {"type": "Admin", "password": "0wn3d"} } EOF # Deserializer method. def deserialize_obj(obj, safe_types = %w(User Account Admin)) type = obj.is_a?(Hash) && obj["type"] safe_types.include?(type) ? Object.const_get(type).new(obj) : obj end # Call to JSON.unsafe_load ruby = JSON.unsafe_load(json, proc {|obj| case obj when Hash obj.each {|k, v| obj[k] = deserialize_obj v } when Array obj.map! {|v| deserialize_obj v } end }) pp ruby
Output:
{"users"=>
[#<User:0x00000000064c4c98
@attributes=
{"type"=>"User", "username"=>"jane", "email"=>"jane@example.com"}>,
#<User:0x00000000064c4bd0
@attributes=
{"type"=>"User", "username"=>"john", "email"=>"john@example.com"}>],
"accounts"=>
[{"account"=>
#<Account:0x00000000064c4928
@attributes={"type"=>"Account", "paid"=>true, "account_id"=>"1234"}>},
{"account"=>
#<Account:0x00000000064c4680
@attributes={"type"=>"Account", "paid"=>false, "account_id"=>"1235"}>}],
"admins"=>
#<Admin:0x00000000064c41f8
@attributes={"type"=>"Admin", "password"=>"0wn3d"}>}
Creates a new MonitorMixin::ConditionVariable associated with the Monitor object.
Counts symbols for each Symbol type.
This method is only for MRI developers interested in performance and memory usage of Ruby programs.
If the optional argument, result_hash, is given, it is overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.
Note: The contents of the returned hash is implementation defined. It may be changed in future.
This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
On this version of MRI, they have 3 types of Symbols (and 1 total counts).
* mortal_dynamic_symbol: GC target symbols (collected by GC) * immortal_dynamic_symbol: Immortal symbols promoted from dynamic symbols (do not collected by GC) * immortal_static_symbol: Immortal symbols (do not collected by GC) * immortal_symbol: total immortal symbols (immortal_dynamic_symbol+immortal_static_symbol)
Calls the block once for each living, nonimmediate object in this Ruby process. If module is specified, calls the block for only those classes or modules that match (or are a subclass of) module. Returns the number of objects found. Immediate objects (Fixnums, Symbols true, false, and nil) are never returned. In the example below, each_object returns both the numbers we defined and several constants defined in the Math module.
If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
a = 102.7 b = 95 # Won't be returned c = 12345678987654321 count = ObjectSpace.each_object(Numeric) {|x| p x } puts "Total count: #{count}"
produces:
12345678987654321 102.7 2.71828182845905 3.14159265358979 2.22044604925031e-16 1.7976931348623157e+308 2.2250738585072e-308 Total count: 7
Due to a current known Ractor implementation issue, this method will not yield Ractor-unshareable objects in multi-Ractor mode (when Ractor.new has been called within the process at least once). See bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19387 for more information.
a = 12345678987654321 # shareable b = [].freeze # shareable c = {} # not shareable ObjectSpace.each_object {|x| x } # yields a, b, and c Ractor.new {} # enter multi-Ractor mode ObjectSpace.each_object {|x| x } # does not yield c
Removes all finalizers for obj.
Load yaml in to a Ruby data structure. If multiple documents are provided, the object contained in the first document will be returned. filename will be used in the exception message if any exception is raised while parsing. If yaml is empty, it returns the specified fallback return value, which defaults to false.
Raises a Psych::SyntaxError when a YAML syntax error is detected.
Example:
Psych.unsafe_load("--- a") # => 'a' Psych.unsafe_load("---\n - a\n - b") # => ['a', 'b'] begin Psych.unsafe_load("--- `", filename: "file.txt") rescue Psych::SyntaxError => ex ex.file # => 'file.txt' ex.message # => "(file.txt): found character that cannot start any token" end
When the optional symbolize_names keyword argument is set to a true value, returns symbols for keys in Hash objects (default: strings).
Psych.unsafe_load("---\n foo: bar") # => {"foo"=>"bar"} Psych.unsafe_load("---\n foo: bar", symbolize_names: true) # => {:foo=>"bar"}
Raises a TypeError when ‘yaml` parameter is NilClass
NOTE: This method *should not* be used to parse untrusted documents, such as YAML documents that are supplied via user input. Instead, please use the load method or the safe_load method.
Returns the measured GC total time in nanoseconds.
The RbConfig object for the deployment target platform.
This is usually the same as the running platform, but may be different if you are cross-compiling.
Adds a post-installs hook that will be passed a Gem::DependencyInstaller and a list of installed specifications when Gem::DependencyInstaller#install is complete