Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that:
Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments (except for certain entries in hash options; see below).
Returns as string stdout_and_stderr_s the merged standard output and standard error of the child process.
Returns as status a Process::Status object that represents the exit status of the child process.
Returns the array [stdout_and_stderr_s, status]:
stdout_and_stderr_s, status = Open3.capture2e('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371692 exit 0>]
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit before returning, so the caller need not do so.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Options.
The hash options is given; two options have local effect in method Open3.capture2e:
If entry options[:stdin_data] exists, the entry is removed and its string value is sent to the command’s standard input:
Open3.capture2e('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # => ["Foo", #<Process::Status: pid 2371732 exit 0>]
If entry options[:binmode] exists, the entry is removed and the internal streams are set to binary mode.
The single required argument is one of the following:
command_line if it is a string, and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or if it contains one or more metacharacters.
exe_path otherwise.
Argument command_line
String argument command_line is a command line to be passed to a shell; it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, or contain meta characters:
Open3.capture2e('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371740 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('echo') # Built-in. # => ["\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371774 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # => ["", #<Process::Status: pid 2371812 exit 0>]
The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command:
Open3.capture2e('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326183 exit 0>]
Argument exe_path
Argument exe_path is one of the following:
The string path to an executable to be called.
A 2-element array containing the path to an executable and the string to be used as the name of the executing process.
Example:
Open3.capture2e('/usr/bin/date') # => ["Sat Sep 30 09:01:46 AM CDT 2023\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371820 exit 0>]
Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion:
Open3.capture2e('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT
If one or more args is given, each is an argument or option to be passed to the executable:
Open3.capture2e('echo', 'C #') # => ["C #\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371856 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('echo', 'hello', 'world') # => ["hello world\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371894 exit 0>]
Returns a 2-element array containing the normalized signed float fraction and integer exponent of x such that:
x = fraction * 2**exponent
See IEEE 754 double-precision binary floating-point format: binary64.
Domain: [-INFINITY, INFINITY].
Range [-INFINITY, INFINITY].
Examples:
frexp(-INFINITY) # => [-Infinity, -1] frexp(-2.0) # => [-0.5, 2] frexp(-1.0) # => [-0.5, 1] frexp(0.0) # => [0.0, 0] frexp(1.0) # => [0.5, 1] frexp(2.0) # => [0.5, 2] frexp(INFINITY) # => [Infinity, -1]
Related: Math.ldexp (inverse of Math.frexp).
@foo &&= bar
becomes
@foo && @foo = bar
@foo ||= bar
becomes
@foo || @foo = bar
@foo += bar
becomes
@foo = @foo + bar
Returns tokens corresponding to the location of the node. Returns nil if keep_tokens is not enabled when parse method is called.
root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2", keep_tokens: true) root.tokens # => [[0, :tIDENTIFIER, "x", [1, 0, 1, 1]], [1, :tSP, " ", [1, 1, 1, 2]], ...] root.tokens.map{_1[2]}.join # => "x = 1 + 2"
Token is an array of:
id
token type
source code text
location [ first_lineno, first_column, last_lineno, last_column ]
Returns debugging information about this node as a string.
Returns debugging information about this location as a string.
Returns the SSLSession object currently used, or nil if the session is not established.
Sends “close notify” to the peer and tries to shut down the SSL connection gracefully.
A description of the current connection state. This is for diagnostic purposes only.
Sets the Session to be used when the connection is established.
Sets the server hostname used for SNI. This needs to be set before SSLSocket#connect.
See TCPServer#listen for details.
Sets the trust settings of the context. This overrides the default value set by Store#trust=.
See also the man page X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust(3).
Returns the status of the response.
Returns an Array of statuses for this response. Each status contains a CertificateId, the status (0 for good, 1 for revoked, 2 for unknown), the reason for the status, the revocation time, the time of this update, the time for the next update and a list of OpenSSL::X509::Extension.
This should be superseded by BasicResponse#responses and find_response that return SingleResponse.
Returns a string describing the PKey object.
Returns one of GRANTED, GRANTED_WITH_MODS, REJECTION, WAITING, REVOCATION_WARNING or REVOCATION_NOTIFICATION. A timestamp token has been created only in case status is equal to GRANTED or GRANTED_WITH_MODS.
If the timestamp token is valid then this field contains the same nonce that was passed to the timestamp server in the initial Request.
Sets the nonce (number used once) that the server shall include in its response. If the nonce is set, the server must return the same nonce value in a valid Response.
Returns the nonce (number used once) that the server shall include in its response.
Sets the default trust settings used by the certificate verification with the store.
OpenSSL::X509::StoreContext#trust= can be used to change the value for a single verification operation.
See also the man page X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust(3).