Returns a new 2-element Array containing the minimum and maximum values from self, either per method <=> or per a given block:.
When no block is given, each element in self must respond to method <=> with an Integer; returns a new 2-element Array containing the minimum and maximum values from self, per method <=>:
[0, 1, 2].minmax # => [0, 2]
When a block is given, the block must return an Integer; the block is called self.size-1 times to compare elements; returns a new 2-element Array containing the minimum and maximum values from self, per the block:
['0', '00', '000'].minmax {|a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => ["0", "000"]
Returns a 2-element array containing the minimum and maximum value in self, either according to comparison method <=> or a given block.
With no block given, returns the minimum and maximum values, using <=> for comparison:
(1..4).minmax # => [1, 4] (1...4).minmax # => [1, 3] ('a'..'d').minmax # => ["a", "d"] (-4..-1).minmax # => [-4, -1]
With a block given, the block must return an integer:
Negative if a is smaller than b.
Zero if a and b are equal.
Positive if a is larger than b.
The block is called self.size times to compare elements; returns a 2-element Array containing the minimum and maximum values from self, per the block:
(1..4).minmax {|a, b| -(a <=> b) } # => [4, 1]
Returns [nil, nil] if:
The begin value of the range is larger than the end value:
(4..1).minmax # => [nil, nil] (4..1).minmax {|a, b| -(a <=> b) } # => [nil, nil]
The begin value of an exclusive range is equal to the end value:
(1...1).minmax # => [nil, nil] (1...1).minmax {|a, b| -(a <=> b) } # => [nil, nil]
Raises an exception if self is a beginless or an endless range.
Returns a 2-element array containing the minimum and maximum elements according to a given criterion. The ordering of equal elements is indeterminate and may be unstable.
With no argument and no block, returns the minimum and maximum elements, using the elements’ own method <=> for comparison:
(1..4).minmax # => [1, 4] (-4..-1).minmax # => [-4, -1] %w[d c b a].minmax # => ["a", "d"] {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}.minmax # => [[:bar, 1], [:foo, 0]] [].minmax # => [nil, nil]
With a block given, returns the minimum and maximum elements as determined by the block:
%w[xxx x xxxx xx].minmax {|a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => ["x", "xxxx"] h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2} h.minmax {|pair1, pair2| pair1[1] <=> pair2[1] } # => [[:foo, 0], [:baz, 2]] [].minmax {|a, b| a <=> b } # => [nil, nil]
Returns the maximum number of group IDs allowed in the supplemental group access list:
Process.maxgroups # => 32
Sets the maximum number of group IDs allowed in the supplemental group access list.
Sets the maximum size of the queue to the given number.
Deprecation method to deprecate Rubygems commands
Deprecation method to deprecate Rubygems commands
Calls the block, if given, with each element of self; returns a new Array whose elements are the return values from the block:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a1 = a.map {|element| element.class } a1 # => [Symbol, String, Integer]
Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a1 = a.map a1 # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:map>
Calls the block, if given, with each element; replaces the element with the block’s return value:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a.map! { |element| element.class } # => [Symbol, String, Integer]
Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a1 = a.map! a1 # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:map!>
Returns the remainder after dividing self by other.
Examples:
11.remainder(4) # => 3 11.remainder(-4) # => 3 -11.remainder(4) # => -3 -11.remainder(-4) # => -3 12.remainder(4) # => 0 12.remainder(-4) # => 0 -12.remainder(4) # => 0 -12.remainder(-4) # => 0 13.remainder(4.0) # => 1.0 13.remainder(Rational(4, 1)) # => (1/1)
Returns the imaginary value for self:
Complex.rect(7).imag # => 0 Complex.rect(9, -4).imag # => -4
If self was created with polar coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:
Complex.polar(1, Math::PI/4).imag # => 0.7071067811865476 # Square root of 2.
Returns the imaginary value for self:
Complex.rect(7).imag # => 0 Complex.rect(9, -4).imag # => -4
If self was created with polar coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:
Complex.polar(1, Math::PI/4).imag # => 0.7071067811865476 # Square root of 2.
Returns the absolute value (magnitude) for self; see polar coordinates:
Complex.polar(-1, 0).abs # => 1.0
If self was created with rectangular coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:
Complex.rectangular(1, 1).abs # => 1.4142135623730951 # The square root of 2.
Returns the remainder after dividing self by other.
Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Float and Rational use this implementation.
Examples:
11.0.remainder(4) # => 3.0 11.0.remainder(-4) # => 3.0 -11.0.remainder(4) # => -3.0 -11.0.remainder(-4) # => -3.0 12.0.remainder(4) # => 0.0 12.0.remainder(-4) # => 0.0 -12.0.remainder(4) # => -0.0 -12.0.remainder(-4) # => -0.0 13.0.remainder(4.0) # => 1.0 13.0.remainder(Rational(4, 1)) # => 1.0 Rational(13, 1).remainder(4) # => (1/1) Rational(13, 1).remainder(-4) # => (1/1) Rational(-13, 1).remainder(4) # => (-1/1) Rational(-13, 1).remainder(-4) # => (-1/1)
Returns the absolute value of self.
12.abs #=> 12 (-34.56).abs #=> 34.56 -34.56.abs #=> 34.56
Returns zero.
Returns a MatchData object (or nil) based on self and the given pattern.
Note: also updates Global Variables at Regexp.
Computes regexp by converting pattern (if not already a Regexp).
regexp = Regexp.new(pattern)
Computes matchdata, which will be either a MatchData object or nil (see Regexp#match):
matchdata = <tt>regexp.match(self)
With no block given, returns the computed matchdata:
'foo'.match('f') # => #<MatchData "f"> 'foo'.match('o') # => #<MatchData "o"> 'foo'.match('x') # => nil
If Integer argument offset is given, the search begins at index offset:
'foo'.match('f', 1) # => nil 'foo'.match('o', 1) # => #<MatchData "o">
With a block given, calls the block with the computed matchdata and returns the block’s return value:
'foo'.match(/o/) {|matchdata| matchdata } # => #<MatchData "o"> 'foo'.match(/x/) {|matchdata| matchdata } # => nil 'foo'.match(/f/, 1) {|matchdata| matchdata } # => nil
Returns true or false based on whether a match is found for self and pattern.
Note: does not update Global Variables at Regexp.
Computes regexp by converting pattern (if not already a Regexp).
regexp = Regexp.new(pattern)
Returns true if self+.match(regexp) returns a MatchData object, false otherwise:
'foo'.match?(/o/) # => true 'foo'.match?('o') # => true 'foo'.match?(/x/) # => false
If Integer argument offset is given, the search begins at index offset:
'foo'.match?('f', 1) # => false 'foo'.match?('o', 1) # => true
Returns true if path matches against pattern. The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
*
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. Equivalent to /.*/x in regexp.
*
Matches all regular files
c*
Matches all files beginning with c
*c
Matches all files ending with c
*c*
Matches all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end).
To match hidden files (that start with a .) set the File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.
**
Matches directories recursively or files expansively.
?
Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp.
[set]
Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]).
\
Escapes the next metacharacter.
{a,b}
Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled. Behaves like a Regexp union ((?:a|b)).
flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_XXX constants. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
Examples:
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true # match entire string File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false # only match partial string File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false # { } isn't supported by default File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true # '?' match only 1 character File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true # '*' match 0 or more characters File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true # ditto File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true # inclusive bracket expression File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false # case sensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true # case insensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_SYSCASE) #=> true or false # depends on the system default File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true # escaped ordinary remains ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true # can escape inside bracket expression File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true # period by default. File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true File.fnmatch('**/*.rb', 'main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**/*.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**/*.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true File.fnmatch('**/foo', 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch('**/foo', '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch('**/foo', 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch('**/foo', 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch('**/foo', 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
Returns the current umask value for this process. If the optional argument is given, set the umask to that value and return the previous value. Umask values are subtracted from the default permissions, so a umask of 0222 would make a file read-only for everyone.
File.umask(0006) #=> 18 File.umask #=> 6