Results for: "Logger"

If obj is a Hash object, returns obj.

Otherwise if obj responds to :to_hash, calls obj.to_hash and returns the result.

Returns nil if obj does not respond to :to_hash

Raises an exception unless obj.to_hash returns a Hash object.

Reads at most maxlen bytes from the ARGF stream in non-blocking mode.

Returns the external encoding for files read from ARGF as an Encoding object. The external encoding is the encoding of the text as stored in a file. Contrast with ARGF.internal_encoding, which is the encoding used to represent this text within Ruby.

To set the external encoding use ARGF.set_encoding.

For example:

ARGF.external_encoding  #=>  #<Encoding:UTF-8>

Returns the internal encoding for strings read from ARGF as an Encoding object.

If ARGF.set_encoding has been called with two encoding names, the second is returned. Otherwise, if Encoding.default_external has been set, that value is returned. Failing that, if a default external encoding was specified on the command-line, that value is used. If the encoding is unknown, nil is returned.

Reinitializes delegation from a serialized object.

Creates a new compiler for ERB. See ERB::Compiler.new for details

Returns true if the ipaddr is a link-local address. IPv4 addresses in 169.254.0.0/16 reserved by RFC 3927 and link-local IPv6 Unicast Addresses in fe80::/10 reserved by RFC 4291 are considered link-local. Link-local IPv4 addresses in the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address range are also considered link-local.

Creates a Range object for the network address.

Returns the names of the binding’s local variables as symbols.

def foo
  a = 1
  2.times do |n|
    binding.local_variables #=> [:a, :n]
  end
end

This method is the short version of the following code:

binding.eval("local_variables")

Returns the Ruby source filename and line number of the binding object.

Program name to be emitted in error message and default banner, defaults to $0.

Returns additional info.

Shows version string in packages if Version is defined.

pkgs

package list

Load the given PStore file. If read_only is true, the unmarshalled Hash will be returned. If read_only is false, a 3-tuple will be returned: the unmarshalled Hash, a checksum of the data, and the size of the data.

Returns the Ruby source filename and line number containing this proc or nil if this proc was not defined in Ruby (i.e. native).

Returns the Ruby source filename and line number containing this method or nil if this method was not defined in Ruby (i.e. native).

Returns a Method of superclass which would be called when super is used or nil if there is no method on superclass.

Returns the Ruby source filename and line number containing this method or nil if this method was not defined in Ruby (i.e. native).

Returns a Method of superclass which would be called when super is used or nil if there is no method on superclass.

Closes the incoming port and returns whether it was already closed. All further attempts to Ractor.receive in the ractor, and send to the ractor will fail with Ractor::ClosedError.

r = Ractor.new {sleep(500)}
r.close_incoming  #=> false
r.close_incoming  #=> true
r.send('test')
# Ractor::ClosedError (The incoming-port is already closed)

Closes the outgoing port and returns whether it was already closed. All further attempts to Ractor.yield in the ractor, and take from the ractor will fail with Ractor::ClosedError.

r = Ractor.new {sleep(500)}
r.close_outgoing  #=> false
r.close_outgoing  #=> true
r.take
# Ractor::ClosedError (The outgoing-port is already closed)

Returns the status of the global “ignore deadlock” condition. The default is false, so that deadlock conditions are not ignored.

See also ::ignore_deadlock=.

Returns the new state. When set to true, the VM will not check for deadlock conditions. It is only useful to set this if your application can break a deadlock condition via some other means, such as a signal.

Thread.ignore_deadlock = true
queue = Thread::Queue.new

trap(:SIGUSR1){queue.push "Received signal"}

# raises fatal error unless ignoring deadlock
puts queue.pop

See also ::ignore_deadlock.

Changes asynchronous interrupt timing.

interrupt means asynchronous event and corresponding procedure by Thread#raise, Thread#kill, signal trap (not supported yet) and main thread termination (if main thread terminates, then all other thread will be killed).

The given hash has pairs like ExceptionClass => :TimingSymbol. Where the ExceptionClass is the interrupt handled by the given block. The TimingSymbol can be one of the following symbols:

:immediate

Invoke interrupts immediately.

:on_blocking

Invoke interrupts while BlockingOperation.

:never

Never invoke all interrupts.

BlockingOperation means that the operation will block the calling thread, such as read and write. On CRuby implementation, BlockingOperation is any operation executed without GVL.

Masked asynchronous interrupts are delayed until they are enabled. This method is similar to sigprocmask(3).

NOTE

Asynchronous interrupts are difficult to use.

If you need to communicate between threads, please consider to use another way such as Queue.

Or use them with deep understanding about this method.

Usage

In this example, we can guard from Thread#raise exceptions.

Using the :never TimingSymbol the RuntimeError exception will always be ignored in the first block of the main thread. In the second ::handle_interrupt block we can purposefully handle RuntimeError exceptions.

th = Thread.new do
  Thread.handle_interrupt(RuntimeError => :never) {
    begin
      # You can write resource allocation code safely.
      Thread.handle_interrupt(RuntimeError => :immediate) {
        # ...
      }
    ensure
      # You can write resource deallocation code safely.
    end
  }
end
Thread.pass
# ...
th.raise "stop"

While we are ignoring the RuntimeError exception, it’s safe to write our resource allocation code. Then, the ensure block is where we can safely deallocate your resources.

Guarding from Timeout::Error

In the next example, we will guard from the Timeout::Error exception. This will help prevent from leaking resources when Timeout::Error exceptions occur during normal ensure clause. For this example we use the help of the standard library Timeout, from lib/timeout.rb

require 'timeout'
Thread.handle_interrupt(Timeout::Error => :never) {
  timeout(10){
    # Timeout::Error doesn't occur here
    Thread.handle_interrupt(Timeout::Error => :on_blocking) {
      # possible to be killed by Timeout::Error
      # while blocking operation
    }
    # Timeout::Error doesn't occur here
  }
}

In the first part of the timeout block, we can rely on Timeout::Error being ignored. Then in the Timeout::Error => :on_blocking block, any operation that will block the calling thread is susceptible to a Timeout::Error exception being raised.

Stack control settings

It’s possible to stack multiple levels of ::handle_interrupt blocks in order to control more than one ExceptionClass and TimingSymbol at a time.

Thread.handle_interrupt(FooError => :never) {
  Thread.handle_interrupt(BarError => :never) {
     # FooError and BarError are prohibited.
  }
}

Inheritance with ExceptionClass

All exceptions inherited from the ExceptionClass parameter will be considered.

Thread.handle_interrupt(Exception => :never) {
  # all exceptions inherited from Exception are prohibited.
}

For handling all interrupts, use Object and not Exception as the ExceptionClass, as kill/terminate interrupts are not handled by Exception.

Returns whether or not the asynchronous queue is empty.

Since Thread::handle_interrupt can be used to defer asynchronous events, this method can be used to determine if there are any deferred events.

If you find this method returns true, then you may finish :never blocks.

For example, the following method processes deferred asynchronous events immediately.

def Thread.kick_interrupt_immediately
  Thread.handle_interrupt(Object => :immediate) {
    Thread.pass
  }
end

If error is given, then check only for error type deferred events.

Usage

th = Thread.new{
  Thread.handle_interrupt(RuntimeError => :on_blocking){
    while true
      ...
      # reach safe point to invoke interrupt
      if Thread.pending_interrupt?
        Thread.handle_interrupt(Object => :immediate){}
      end
      ...
    end
  }
}
...
th.raise # stop thread

This example can also be written as the following, which you should use to avoid asynchronous interrupts.

flag = true
th = Thread.new{
  Thread.handle_interrupt(RuntimeError => :on_blocking){
    while true
      ...
      # reach safe point to invoke interrupt
      break if flag == false
      ...
    end
  }
}
...
flag = false # stop thread