Returns a 9-element array representing the parts of the URI formed from the string uri; each array element is a string or nil:
names = %w[scheme userinfo host port registry path opaque query fragment] values = URI.split('https://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top') names.zip(values) # => [["scheme", "https"], ["userinfo", "john.doe"], ["host", "www.example.com"], ["port", "123"], ["registry", nil], ["path", "/forum/questions/"], ["opaque", nil], ["query", "tag=networking&order=newest"], ["fragment", "top"]]
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the last child, to the caller’s stdout.
The method does not wait for child processes to exit, so the caller must do so.
With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing:
The stdout stream of the last child process.
An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
last_stdout, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<IO:fd 5>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f9898 dead>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f94b0 sleep>]] puts last_stdout.read wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
With a block given, calls the block with the stdout stream of the last child process, and an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') do |last_stdout, wait_threads| puts last_stdout.read wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the last child, to the caller’s stdout.
The method does not wait for child processes to exit, so the caller must do so.
With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing:
The stdout stream of the last child process.
An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
last_stdout, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<IO:fd 5>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f9898 dead>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f94b0 sleep>]] puts last_stdout.read wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
With a block given, calls the block with the stdout stream of the last child process, and an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') do |last_stdout, wait_threads| puts last_stdout.read wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the first child, pipes the caller’s stdout to the child’s stdin.
The method does not wait for child processes to exit, so the caller must do so.
With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing:
The stdin stream of the first child process.
An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
first_stdin, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') # => [#<IO:fd 7>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de928278 run>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de923e80 run>]] first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
1 bar 2 baz 3 foo
With a block given, calls the block with the stdin stream of the first child process, and an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') do |first_stdin, wait_threads| first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
1 bar 2 baz 3 foo
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the first child, pipes the caller’s stdout to the child’s stdin.
The method does not wait for child processes to exit, so the caller must do so.
With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing:
The stdin stream of the first child process.
An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
first_stdin, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') # => [#<IO:fd 7>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de928278 run>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de923e80 run>]] first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
1 bar 2 baz 3 foo
With a block given, calls the block with the stdin stream of the first child process, and an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') do |first_stdin, wait_threads| first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
1 bar 2 baz 3 foo
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the last child, to the caller’s stdout.
Waits for the child processes to exit.
Returns an array of Process::Status objects (one for each child).
Example:
wait_threads = Open3.pipeline('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<Process::Status: pid 2139200 exit 0>, #<Process::Status: pid 2139202 exit 0>]
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn‘ see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the last child, to the caller’s stdout.
Waits for the child processes to exit.
Returns an array of Process::Status objects (one for each child).
Example:
wait_threads = Open3.pipeline('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<Process::Status: pid 2139200 exit 0>, #<Process::Status: pid 2139202 exit 0>]
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn‘ see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Splits a string into an array of tokens in the same way the UNIX Bourne shell does.
argv = Shellwords.split('here are "two words"') argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"]
Note, however, that this is not a command line parser. Shell metacharacters except for the single and double quotes and backslash are not treated as such.
argv = Shellwords.split('ruby my_prog.rb | less') argv #=> ["ruby", "my_prog.rb", "|", "less"]
String#shellsplit is a shortcut for this function.
argv = 'here are "two words"'.shellsplit argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"]
Splits a string into an array of tokens in the same way the UNIX Bourne shell does.
argv = Shellwords.split('here are "two words"') argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"]
Note, however, that this is not a command line parser. Shell metacharacters except for the single and double quotes and backslash are not treated as such.
argv = Shellwords.split('ruby my_prog.rb | less') argv #=> ["ruby", "my_prog.rb", "|", "less"]
String#shellsplit is a shortcut for this function.
argv = 'here are "two words"'.shellsplit argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"]
Returns the singleton instance.
SyntaxSuggest.valid? [Private]
Returns truthy if a given input source is valid syntax
SyntaxSuggest.valid?(<<~EOM) # => true def foo end EOM SyntaxSuggest.valid?(<<~EOM) # => false def foo def bar # Syntax error here end EOM
You can also pass in an array of lines and they’ll be joined before evaluating
SyntaxSuggest.valid?( [ "def foo\n", "end\n" ] ) # => true SyntaxSuggest.valid?( [ "def foo\n", " def bar\n", # Syntax error here "end\n" ] ) # => false
As an FYI the CodeLine class instances respond to ‘to_s` so passing a CodeLine in as an object or as an array will convert it to it’s code representation.
Returns a 2-element array of the current (soft) limit and maximum (hard) limit for the given resource.
Argument resource specifies the resource whose limits are to be returned; see Process.setrlimit.
Each of the returned values cur_limit and max_limit is an integer; see Process.setrlimit.
Example:
Process.getrlimit(:CORE) # => [0, 18446744073709551615]
See Process.setrlimit.
Not available on all platforms.
Sets limits for the current process for the given resource to cur_limit (soft limit) and max_limit (hard limit); returns nil.
Argument resource specifies the resource whose limits are to be set; the argument may be given as a symbol, as a string, or as a constant beginning with Process::RLIMIT_ (e.g., :CORE, 'CORE', or Process::RLIMIT_CORE.
The resources available and supported are system-dependent, and may include (here expressed as symbols):
:AS: Total available memory (bytes) (SUSv3, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD except 4.4BSD-Lite).
:CORE: Core size (bytes) (SUSv3).
:CPU: CPU time (seconds) (SUSv3).
:DATA: Data segment (bytes) (SUSv3).
:FSIZE: File size (bytes) (SUSv3).
:MEMLOCK: Total size for mlock(2) (bytes) (4.4BSD, GNU/Linux).
:MSGQUEUE: Allocation for POSIX message queues (bytes) (GNU/Linux).
:NICE: Ceiling on process’s nice(2) value (number) (GNU/Linux).
:NOFILE: File descriptors (number) (SUSv3).
:NPROC: Number of processes for the user (number) (4.4BSD, GNU/Linux).
:NPTS: Number of pseudo terminals (number) (FreeBSD).
:RSS: Resident memory size (bytes) (4.2BSD, GNU/Linux).
:RTPRIO: Ceiling on the process’s real-time priority (number) (GNU/Linux).
:RTTIME: CPU time for real-time process (us) (GNU/Linux).
:SBSIZE: All socket buffers (bytes) (NetBSD, FreeBSD).
:SIGPENDING: Number of queued signals allowed (signals) (GNU/Linux).
:STACK: Stack size (bytes) (SUSv3).
Arguments cur_limit and max_limit may be:
Integers (max_limit should not be smaller than cur_limit).
Symbol :SAVED_MAX, string 'SAVED_MAX', or constant Process::RLIM_SAVED_MAX: saved maximum limit.
Symbol :SAVED_CUR, string 'SAVED_CUR', or constant Process::RLIM_SAVED_CUR: saved current limit.
Symbol :INFINITY, string 'INFINITY', or constant Process::RLIM_INFINITY: no limit on resource.
This example raises the soft limit of core size to the hard limit to try to make core dump possible:
Process.setrlimit(:CORE, Process.getrlimit(:CORE)[1])
Not available on all platforms.
Returns a list of signal names mapped to the corresponding underlying signal numbers.
Signal.list #=> {"EXIT"=>0, "HUP"=>1, "INT"=>2, "QUIT"=>3, "ILL"=>4, "TRAP"=>5, "IOT"=>6, "ABRT"=>6, "FPE"=>8, "KILL"=>9, "BUS"=>7, "SEGV"=>11, "SYS"=>31, "PIPE"=>13, "ALRM"=>14, "TERM"=>15, "URG"=>23, "STOP"=>19, "TSTP"=>20, "CONT"=>18, "CHLD"=>17, "CLD"=>17, "TTIN"=>21, "TTOU"=>22, "IO"=>29, "XCPU"=>24, "XFSZ"=>25, "VTALRM"=>26, "PROF"=>27, "WINCH"=>28, "USR1"=>10, "USR2"=>12, "PWR"=>30, "POLL"=>29}
Compile a ImplicitRestNode node
Compile a SourceLineNode node
Dispatch enter and leave events for ImplicitRestNode nodes and continue walking the tree.
Dispatch enter and leave events for SourceLineNode nodes and continue walking the tree.