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Returns an array containing all of the filenames except for “.” and “..” in the given directory. Will raise a SystemCallError if the named directory doesn’t exist.

The optional encoding keyword argument specifies the encoding of the directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.

Dir.children("testdir")   #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]

Reads the next entry from dir and returns it as a string. Returns nil at the end of the stream.

d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.read   #=> "."
d.read   #=> ".."
d.read   #=> "config.h"

Returns an array containing all of the filenames except for “.” and “..” in this directory.

d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.children   #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]

Repositions dir to the first entry.

d = Dir.new("testdir")
d.read     #=> "."
d.rewind   #=> #<Dir:0x401b3fb0>
d.read     #=> "."

Returns true if the named file is a directory, false otherwise.

Returns a File::Stat object for the file at filepath (see File::Stat):

File.stat('t.txt').class # => File::Stat

Like File::stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link; instead, returns a File::Stat object for the link itself.

File.symlink('t.txt', 'symlink')
File.stat('symlink').size  # => 47
File.lstat('symlink').size # => 5

Returns the name of the file referenced by the given link. Not available on all platforms.

File.symlink("testfile", "link2test")   #=> 0
File.readlink("link2test")              #=> "testfile"

Renames the given file to the new name. Raises a SystemCallError if the file cannot be renamed.

File.rename("afile", "afile.bak")   #=> 0

Returns the real (absolute) pathname of pathname in the actual filesystem not containing symlinks or useless dots.

If dir_string is given, it is used as a base directory for interpreting relative pathname instead of the current directory.

All components of the pathname must exist when this method is called.

Returns the real (absolute) pathname of pathname in the actual filesystem. The real pathname doesn’t contain symlinks or useless dots.

If dir_string is given, it is used as a base directory for interpreting relative pathname instead of the current directory.

The last component of the real pathname can be nonexistent.

Like File#stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link; instead, returns a File::Stat object for the link itself:

File.symlink('t.txt', 'symlink')
f = File.new('symlink')
f.stat.size  # => 47
f.lstat.size # => 11

Return true if the named file exists.

file_name can be an IO object.

“file exists” means that stat() or fstat() system call is successful.

Returns true if the named file is readable by the effective user and group id of this process. See eaccess(3).

Note that some OS-level security features may cause this to return true even though the file is not readable by the effective user/group.

Returns true if the named file has the sticky bit set.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns the name of the encoding.

Encoding::UTF_8.name      #=> "UTF-8"

Returns a replicated encoding of enc whose name is name. The new encoding should have the same byte structure of enc. If name is used by another encoding, raise ArgumentError.

Returns the list of loaded encodings.

Encoding.list
#=> [#<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>,
      #<Encoding:ISO-2022-JP (dummy)>]

Encoding.find("US-ASCII")
#=> #<Encoding:US-ASCII>

Encoding.list
#=> [#<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>,
      #<Encoding:US-ASCII>, #<Encoding:ISO-2022-JP (dummy)>]

Rewinds the enumeration sequence to the beginning.

If the enclosed object responds to a “rewind” method, it is called.

Returns the return value of the iterator.

o = Object.new
def o.each
  yield 1
  yield 2
  yield 3
  100
end

e = o.to_enum

puts e.next                   #=> 1
puts e.next                   #=> 2
puts e.next                   #=> 3

begin
  e.next
rescue StopIteration => ex
  puts ex.result              #=> 100
end

Returns a Digest subclass by name in a thread-safe manner even when on-demand loading is involved.

require 'digest'

Digest("MD5")
# => Digest::MD5

Digest(:SHA256)
# => Digest::SHA256

Digest(:Foo)
# => LoadError: library not found for class Digest::Foo -- digest/foo

Prevents further modifications to obj. A FrozenError will be raised if modification is attempted. There is no way to unfreeze a frozen object. See also Object#frozen?.

This method returns self.

a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
a.freeze
a << "z"

produces:

prog.rb:3:in `<<': can't modify frozen Array (FrozenError)
 from prog.rb:3

Objects of the following classes are always frozen: Integer, Float, Symbol.

Returns a string representing obj. The default to_s prints the object’s class and an encoding of the object id. As a special case, the top-level object that is the initial execution context of Ruby programs returns “main”.

Returns exception’s message (or the name of the exception if no message is set).

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