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Sets a thread local with key to value. Note that these are local to threads, and not to fibers. Please see Thread#thread_variable_get and Thread#[] for more information.

Establishes proc on thr as the handler for tracing, or disables tracing if the parameter is nil.

See Kernel#set_trace_func.

Adds proc as a handler for tracing.

See Thread#set_trace_func and Kernel#set_trace_func.

Establishes _proc_ as the handler for tracing, or disables
tracing if the parameter is +nil+.

*Note:* this method is obsolete, please use TracePoint instead.

_proc_ takes up to six parameters:

*   an event name
*   a filename
*   a line number
*   an object id
*   a binding
*   the name of a class

_proc_ is invoked whenever an event occurs.

Events are:

+c-call+:: call a C-language routine
+c-return+:: return from a C-language routine
+call+:: call a Ruby method
+class+:: start a class or module definition
+end+:: finish a class or module definition
+line+:: execute code on a new line
+raise+:: raise an exception
+return+:: return from a Ruby method

Tracing is disabled within the context of _proc_.

    class Test
    def test
      a = 1
      b = 2
    end
    end

    set_trace_func proc { |event, file, line, id, binding, classname|
       printf "%8s %s:%-2d %10s %8s\n", event, file, line, id, classname
    }
    t = Test.new
    t.test

      line prog.rb:11               false
    c-call prog.rb:11        new    Class
    c-call prog.rb:11 initialize   Object
  c-return prog.rb:11 initialize   Object
  c-return prog.rb:11        new    Class
      line prog.rb:12               false
      call prog.rb:2        test     Test
      line prog.rb:3        test     Test
      line prog.rb:4        test     Test
    return prog.rb:4        test     Test

Note that for c-call and c-return events, the binding returned is the binding of the nearest Ruby method calling the C method, since C methods themselves do not have bindings.

With a block given, calls the block with each element and its index; returns self:

h = {}
(1..4).each_with_index {|element, i| h[element] = i } # => 1..4
h # => {1=>0, 2=>1, 3=>2, 4=>3}

h = {}
%w[a b c d].each_with_index {|element, i| h[element] = i }
# => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
h # => {"a"=>0, "b"=>1, "c"=>2, "d"=>3}

a = []
h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
h.each_with_index {|element, i| a.push([i, element]) }
# => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
a # => [[0, [:foo, 0]], [1, [:bar, 1]], [2, [:baz, 2]]]

With no block given, returns an Enumerator.

Attempts to enter exclusive section. Returns false if lock fails.

For backward compatibility

Starts tracing object allocations from the ObjectSpace extension module.

For example:

require 'objspace'

class C
  include ObjectSpace

  def foo
    trace_object_allocations do
      obj = Object.new
      p "#{allocation_sourcefile(obj)}:#{allocation_sourceline(obj)}"
    end
  end
end

C.new.foo #=> "objtrace.rb:8"

This example has included the ObjectSpace module to make it easier to read, but you can also use the ::trace_object_allocations notation (recommended).

Note that this feature introduces a huge performance decrease and huge memory consumption.

MRI specific feature

Return internal class of obj.

obj can be an instance of InternalObjectWrapper.

Note that you should not use this method in your application.

MRI specific feature

Return internal super class of cls (Class or Module).

obj can be an instance of InternalObjectWrapper.

Note that you should not use this method in your application.

Calls CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ON). Starts tracking memory allocations. See also OpenSSL.print_mem_leaks.

This is available only when built with a capable OpenSSL and –enable-debug configure option.

Specifies a Proc object proc to call after the first prompt has been printed and just before readline starts reading input characters.

See GNU Readline’s rl_pre_input_hook variable.

Raises ArgumentError if proc does not respond to the call method.

Raises NotImplementedError if the using readline library does not support.

Returns a Proc object proc to call after the first prompt has been printed and just before readline starts reading input characters. The default is nil.

Raises NotImplementedError if the using readline library does not support.

Verify compaction reference consistency.

This method is implementation specific. During compaction, objects that were moved are replaced with T_MOVED objects. No object should have a reference to a T_MOVED object after compaction.

This function doubles the heap to ensure room to move all objects, compacts the heap to make sure everything moves, updates all references, then performs a full GC. If any object contains a reference to a T_MOVED object, that object should be pushed on the mark stack, and will make a SEGV.

This method removes a file system entry path. path shall be a regular file, a directory, or something. If path is a directory, remove it recursively. This method is required to avoid TOCTTOU (time-of-check-to-time-of-use) local security vulnerability of rm_r. rm_r causes security hole when:

• Parent directory is world writable (including /tmp).

• Removing directory tree includes world writable directory.

• The system has symbolic link.

To avoid this security hole, this method applies special preprocess. If path is a directory, this method chown(2) and chmod(2) all removing directories. This requires the current process is the owner of the removing whole directory tree, or is the super user (root).

WARNING: You must ensure that ALL parent directories cannot be moved by other untrusted users. For example, parent directories should not be owned by untrusted users, and should not be world writable except when the sticky bit set.

WARNING: Only the owner of the removing directory tree, or Unix super user (root) should invoke this method. Otherwise this method does not work.

For details of this security vulnerability, see Perl’s case:

• cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2005-0448

• cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0452

For fileutils.rb, this vulnerability is reported in [ruby-dev:26100].

This method removes a file system entry path. path shall be a regular file, a directory, or something. If path is a directory, remove it recursively. This method is required to avoid TOCTTOU (time-of-check-to-time-of-use) local security vulnerability of rm_r. rm_r causes security hole when:

• Parent directory is world writable (including /tmp).

• Removing directory tree includes world writable directory.

• The system has symbolic link.

To avoid this security hole, this method applies special preprocess. If path is a directory, this method chown(2) and chmod(2) all removing directories. This requires the current process is the owner of the removing whole directory tree, or is the super user (root).

WARNING: You must ensure that ALL parent directories cannot be moved by other untrusted users. For example, parent directories should not be owned by untrusted users, and should not be world writable except when the sticky bit set.

WARNING: Only the owner of the removing directory tree, or Unix super user (root) should invoke this method. Otherwise this method does not work.

For details of this security vulnerability, see Perl’s case:

• cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2005-0448

• cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0452

For fileutils.rb, this vulnerability is reported in [ruby-dev:26100].

See Thread::Mutex#try_lock

Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories. If we can’t create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.

If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.

World-writable directories will never be created.

Returns the latest release-version specification for the gem name.

Returns the latest release version of RubyGems.

Returns the version of the latest release-version of gem name

Glob pattern for require-able plugin suffixes.

Regexp for require-able plugin suffixes.

Find all ‘rubygems_plugin’ files in $LOAD_PATH and load them