Results for: "minmax"

Calls the block with each repeated combination of length n of the elements of self; each combination is an Array; returns self. The order of the combinations is indeterminate.

When a block and a positive Integer argument n are given, calls the block with each n-tuple repeated combination of the elements of self. The number of combinations is (n+1)(n+2)/2.

n = 1:

a = [0, 1, 2]
a.repeated_combination(1) {|combination| p combination }

Output:

[0]
[1]
[2]

n = 2:

a.repeated_combination(2) {|combination| p combination }

Output:

[0, 0]
[0, 1]
[0, 2]
[1, 1]
[1, 2]
[2, 2]

If n is zero, calls the block once with an empty Array.

If n is negative, does not call the block:

a.repeated_combination(-1) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }

Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:

a = [0, 1, 2]
a.repeated_combination(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:combination(2)>

Using Enumerators, it’s convenient to show the combinations and counts for some values of n:

e = a.repeated_combination(0)
e.size # => 1
e.to_a # => [[]]
e = a.repeated_combination(1)
e.size # => 3
e.to_a # => [[0], [1], [2]]
e = a.repeated_combination(2)
e.size # => 6
e.to_a # => [[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 2]]

Searches self as described at method bsearch, but returns the index of the found element instead of the element itself.

Returns the singleton class of obj. This method creates a new singleton class if obj does not have one.

If obj is nil, true, or false, it returns NilClass, TrueClass, or FalseClass, respectively. If obj is an Integer, a Float or a Symbol, it raises a TypeError.

Object.new.singleton_class  #=> #<Class:#<Object:0xb7ce1e24>>
String.singleton_class      #=> #<Class:String>
nil.singleton_class         #=> NilClass

Returns an array of the names of singleton methods for obj. If the optional all parameter is true, the list will include methods in modules included in obj. Only public and protected singleton methods are returned.

module Other
  def three() end
end

class Single
  def Single.four() end
end

a = Single.new

def a.one()
end

class << a
  include Other
  def two()
  end
end

Single.singleton_methods    #=> [:four]
a.singleton_methods(false)  #=> [:two, :one]
a.singleton_methods         #=> [:two, :one, :three]

Returns an array of instance variable names for the receiver. Note that simply defining an accessor does not create the corresponding instance variable.

class Fred
  attr_accessor :a1
  def initialize
    @iv = 3
  end
end
Fred.new.instance_variables   #=> [:@iv]

Returns true if obj is an instance of the given class. See also Object#kind_of?.

class A;     end
class B < A; end
class C < B; end

b = B.new
b.instance_of? A   #=> false
b.instance_of? B   #=> true
b.instance_of? C   #=> false

Returns true if class is the class of obj, or if class is one of the superclasses of obj or modules included in obj.

module M;    end
class A
  include M
end
class B < A; end
class C < B; end

b = B.new
b.is_a? A          #=> true
b.is_a? B          #=> true
b.is_a? C          #=> false
b.is_a? M          #=> true

b.kind_of? A       #=> true
b.kind_of? B       #=> true
b.kind_of? C       #=> false
b.kind_of? M       #=> true

Similar to method, searches singleton method only.

class Demo
  def initialize(n)
    @iv = n
  end
  def hello()
    "Hello, @iv = #{@iv}"
  end
end

k = Demo.new(99)
def k.hi
  "Hi, @iv = #{@iv}"
end
m = k.singleton_method(:hi)
m.call   #=> "Hi, @iv = 99"
m = k.singleton_method(:hello) #=> NameError

Since int is already an Integer, returns self.

Returns self as an integer; converts using method to_i in the derived class.

Of the Core and Standard Library classes, only Rational and Complex use this implementation.

Examples:

Rational(1, 2).to_int # => 0
Rational(2, 1).to_int # => 2
Complex(2, 0).to_int  # => 2
Complex(2, 1)         # Raises RangeError (non-zero imaginary part)

Replaces the contents of self with the contents of other_string:

s = 'foo'        # => "foo"
s.replace('bar') # => "bar"

Splits str using the supplied parameter as the record separator ($/ by default), passing each substring in turn to the supplied block. If a zero-length record separator is supplied, the string is split into paragraphs delimited by multiple successive newlines.

If chomp is true, separator will be removed from the end of each line.

If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.

"hello\nworld".each_line {|s| p s}
# prints:
#   "hello\n"
#   "world"

"hello\nworld".each_line('l') {|s| p s}
# prints:
#   "hel"
#   "l"
#   "o\nworl"
#   "d"

"hello\n\n\nworld".each_line('') {|s| p s}
# prints
#   "hello\n\n"
#   "world"

"hello\nworld".each_line(chomp: true) {|s| p s}
# prints:
#   "hello"
#   "world"

"hello\nworld".each_line('l', chomp: true) {|s| p s}
# prints:
#   "he"
#   ""
#   "o\nwor"
#   "d"

Passes the Integer ordinal of each character in str, also known as a codepoint when applied to Unicode strings to the given block. For encodings other than UTF-8/UTF-16(BE|LE)/UTF-32(BE|LE), values are directly derived from the binary representation of each character.

If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.

"hello\u0639".each_codepoint {|c| print c, ' ' }

produces:

104 101 108 108 111 1593

Changes the encoding to encoding and returns self.

Returns true for a string which is encoded correctly.

"\xc2\xa1".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding?  #=> true
"\xc2".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding?      #=> false
"\x80".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding?      #=> false

Unicode Normalization—Returns a normalized form of str, using Unicode normalizations NFC, NFD, NFKC, or NFKD. The normalization form used is determined by form, which can be any of the four values :nfc, :nfd, :nfkc, or :nfkd. The default is :nfc.

If the string is not in a Unicode Encoding, then an Exception is raised. In this context, ‘Unicode Encoding’ means any of UTF-8, UTF-16BE/LE, and UTF-32BE/LE, as well as GB18030, UCS_2BE, and UCS_4BE. Anything other than UTF-8 is implemented by converting to UTF-8, which makes it slower than UTF-8.

"a\u0300".unicode_normalize        #=> "\u00E0"
"a\u0300".unicode_normalize(:nfc)  #=> "\u00E0"
"\u00E0".unicode_normalize(:nfd)   #=> "a\u0300"
"\xE0".force_encoding('ISO-8859-1').unicode_normalize(:nfd)
                                   #=> Encoding::CompatibilityError raised

Destructive version of String#unicode_normalize, doing Unicode normalization in place.

Checks whether str is in Unicode normalization form form, which can be any of the four values :nfc, :nfd, :nfkc, or :nfkd. The default is :nfc.

If the string is not in a Unicode Encoding, then an Exception is raised. For details, see String#unicode_normalize.

"a\u0300".unicode_normalized?        #=> false
"a\u0300".unicode_normalized?(:nfd)  #=> true
"\u00E0".unicode_normalized?         #=> true
"\u00E0".unicode_normalized?(:nfd)   #=> false
"\xE0".force_encoding('ISO-8859-1').unicode_normalized?
                                     #=> Encoding::CompatibilityError raised

Returns self truncated to an Integer.

1.2.to_i    # => 1
(-1.2).to_i # => -1

Note that the limited precision of floating-point arithmetic may lead to surprising results:

(0.3 / 0.1).to_i  # => 2 (!)

Float#to_int is an alias for Float#to_i.

Returns default internal encoding. Strings will be transcoded to the default internal encoding in the following places if the default internal encoding is not nil:

• CSV

• Etc.sysconfdir and Etc.systmpdir

• File data read from disk

• File names from Dir

• Integer#chr

• String#inspect and Regexp#inspect

• Strings returned from Readline

• Strings returned from SDBM

• Time#zone

• Values from ENV

• Values in ARGV including $PROGRAM_NAME

Additionally String#encode and String#encode! use the default internal encoding if no encoding is given.

The script encoding (__ENCODING__), not default_internal, is used as the encoding of created strings.

Encoding::default_internal is initialized with -E option or nil otherwise.

Sets default internal encoding or removes default internal encoding when passed nil. You should not set Encoding::default_internal in ruby code as strings created before changing the value may have a different encoding from strings created after the change. Instead you should use ruby -E to invoke ruby with the correct default_internal.

See Encoding::default_internal for information on how the default internal encoding is used.

Returns the locale charmap name. It returns nil if no appropriate information.

Debian GNU/Linux
  LANG=C
    Encoding.locale_charmap  #=> "ANSI_X3.4-1968"
  LANG=ja_JP.EUC-JP
    Encoding.locale_charmap  #=> "EUC-JP"

SunOS 5
  LANG=C
    Encoding.locale_charmap  #=> "646"
  LANG=ja
    Encoding.locale_charmap  #=> "eucJP"

The result is highly platform dependent. So Encoding.find(Encoding.locale_charmap) may cause an error. If you need some encoding object even for unknown locale, Encoding.find(“locale”) can be used.

Iterates the given block for each element with an index, which starts from offset. If no block is given, returns a new Enumerator that includes the index, starting from offset

offset

the starting index to use

Invoked as a callback whenever an instance method is undefined from the receiver.

module Chatty
  def self.method_undefined(method_name)
    puts "Undefining #{method_name.inspect}"
  end
  def self.some_class_method() end
  def some_instance_method() end
  class << self
    undef_method :some_class_method
  end
  undef_method :some_instance_method
end

produces:

Undefining :some_instance_method