Gem

Module

RubyGems is the Ruby standard for publishing and managing third party libraries.

For user documentation, see:

For gem developer documentation see:

Further RubyGems documentation can be found at:

RubyGems Plugins

RubyGems will load plugins in the latest version of each installed gem or $LOAD_PATH. Plugins must be named ‘rubygems_plugin’ (.rb, .so, etc) and placed at the root of your gem’s require_path. Plugins are installed at a special location and loaded on boot.

For an example plugin, see the Graph gem which adds a ‘gem graph` command.

RubyGems Defaults, Packaging

RubyGems defaults are stored in lib/rubygems/defaults.rb. If you’re packaging RubyGems or implementing Ruby you can change RubyGems’ defaults.

For RubyGems packagers, provide lib/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb and override any defaults from lib/rubygems/defaults.rb.

For Ruby implementers, provide lib/rubygems/defaults/#{RUBY_ENGINE}.rb and override any defaults from lib/rubygems/defaults.rb.

If you need RubyGems to perform extra work on install or uninstall, your defaults override file can set pre/post install and uninstall hooks. See Gem::pre_install, Gem::pre_uninstall, Gem::post_install, Gem::post_uninstall.

Bugs

You can submit bugs to the RubyGems bug tracker on GitHub

Credits

RubyGems is currently maintained by Eric Hodel.

RubyGems was originally developed at RubyConf 2003 by:

  • Rich Kilmer – rich(at)infoether.com

  • Chad Fowler – chad(at)chadfowler.com

  • David Black – dblack(at)wobblini.net

  • Paul Brannan – paul(at)atdesk.com

  • Jim Weirich – jim(at)weirichhouse.org

Contributors:

  • Gavin Sinclair – gsinclair(at)soyabean.com.au

  • George Marrows – george.marrows(at)ntlworld.com

  • Dick Davies – rasputnik(at)hellooperator.net

  • Mauricio Fernandez – batsman.geo(at)yahoo.com

  • Simon Strandgaard – neoneye(at)adslhome.dk

  • Dave Glasser – glasser(at)mit.edu

  • Paul Duncan – pabs(at)pablotron.org

  • Ville Aine – vaine(at)cs.helsinki.fi

  • Eric Hodel – drbrain(at)segment7.net

  • Daniel Berger – djberg96(at)gmail.com

  • Phil Hagelberg – technomancy(at)gmail.com

  • Ryan Davis – ryand-ruby(at)zenspider.com

  • Evan Phoenix – evan(at)fallingsnow.net

  • Steve Klabnik – steve(at)steveklabnik.com

(If your name is missing, PLEASE let us know!)

License

See LICENSE.txt for permissions.

Thanks!

-The RubyGems Team

Constants
No documentation available
No documentation available

Taint support is deprecated in Ruby 2.7. This allows switching “.untaint” to “.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)”, to avoid deprecation warnings in Ruby 2.7.

When bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17259 is available, there is no need to override Kernel#warn

An Array of Regexps that match windows Ruby platforms.

No documentation available

Subdirectories in a gem repository

Subdirectories in a gem repository for default gems

Exception classes used in a Gem.read_binary rescue statement

Exception classes used in Gem.write_binary rescue statement

No documentation available

Location of Marshal quick gemspecs on remote repositories

No documentation available

Backwards compatible typo’d exception class for early RubyGems 2.0.x

No documentation available

Gem::RDoc provides methods to generate RDoc and ri data for installed gems upon gem installation.

This file is automatically required by RubyGems 1.9 and newer.

Attributes

RubyGems distributors (like operating system package managers) can disable RubyGems update by setting this to error message printed to end-users on gem update –system instead of actual update.

Hash of loaded Gem::Specification keyed by name

Read

GemDependencyAPI object, which is set when .use_gemdeps is called. This contains all the information from the Gemfile.

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Installer#install extracts files and builds extensions

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Installer#install completes installation

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::DependencyInstaller installs a set of gems

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Specification.reset is run.

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall completes installation

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Installer#install does any work

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Specification.reset is run.

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall does any work

Class Methods

The number of paths in the ‘$LOAD_PATH` from activated gems. Used to prioritize `-I` and `ENV` entries during `require`.

Add a list of paths to the $LOAD_PATH at the proper place.

No documentation available

Find the full path to the executable for gem name. If the exec_name is not given, an exception will be raised, otherwise the specified executable’s path is returned. requirements allows you to specify specific gem versions.

The mode needed to read a file as straight binary.

The path where gem executables are to be installed.

The path to standard location of the user’s cache directory.

Clear default gem related variables. It is for test

Reset the dir and path values. The next time dir or path is requested, the values will be calculated from scratch. This is mainly used by the unit tests to provide test isolation.

The path to standard location of the user’s .gemrc file.

The path to standard location of the user’s configuration directory.

The standard configuration object for gems.

Use the given configuration object (which implements the ConfigFile protocol) as the standard configuration object.

The path to standard location of the user’s data directory.

The path to the data directory specified by the gem name. If the package is not available as a gem, return nil.

The default directory for binaries

The default signing certificate chain path

Default home directory path to be used if an alternate value is not specified in the environment

Deduce Ruby’s –program-prefix and –program-suffix from its install name

Returns binary extensions dir for specified RubyGems base dir or nil if such directory cannot be determined.

By default, the binary extensions are located side by side with their Ruby counterparts, therefore nil is returned

No documentation available

The default signing key path

Default gem load path

Paths where RubyGems’ .rb files and bin files are installed

An Array of the default sources that come with RubyGems

Default spec directory path to be used if an alternate value is not specified in the environment

Path to specification files of default gems.

The path where gems are to be installed.

Adds a post-installs hook that will be passed a Gem::DependencyInstaller and a list of installed specifications when Gem::DependencyInstaller#install is complete

Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories for handling default gems. If we can’t create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.

If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.

World-writable directories will never be created.

Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories. If we can’t create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.

If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.

World-writable directories will never be created.

No documentation available

Finds the user’s config file

Returns a list of paths matching glob that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems. For example:

Gem.find_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end

if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.

Note that find_files will return all files even if they are from different versions of the same gem. See also find_latest_files

Finds the user’s home directory.

Returns a list of paths matching glob from the latest gems that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems. For example:

Gem.find_latest_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end

if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_latest_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.

Unlike find_files, find_latest_files will return only files from the latest version of a gem.

No documentation available

Find a Gem::Specification of default gem from path

No documentation available

Get the default RubyGems API host. This is normally https://rubygems.org.

Set the default RubyGems API host.

Top level install helper method. Allows you to install gems interactively:

% irb
>> Gem.install "minitest"
Fetching: minitest-5.14.0.gem (100%)
=> [#<Gem::Specification:0x1013b4528 @name="minitest", ...>]

Is this a java platform?

Returns the latest release version of RubyGems.

Returns the latest release-version specification for the gem name.

Returns the version of the latest release-version of gem name

Find all ‘rubygems_plugin’ files in $LOAD_PATH and load them

The index to insert activated gem paths into the $LOAD_PATH. The activated gem’s paths are inserted before site lib directory by default.

Find rubygems plugin files in the standard location and load them

Loads YAML, preferring Psych

The file name and line number of the caller of the caller of this method.

depth is how many layers up the call stack it should go.

e.g.,

def a; Gem.location_of_caller; end a #=> [“x.rb”, 2] # (it’ll vary depending on file name and line number)

def b; c; end def c; Gem.location_of_caller(2); end b #=> [“x.rb”, 6] # (it’ll vary depending on file name and line number)

The version of the Marshal format for your Ruby.

No documentation available

Default options for gem commands for Ruby packagers.

The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.

Example:

def self.operating_system_defaults

{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}

end

No documentation available

How String Gem paths should be split. Overridable for esoteric platforms.

Retrieve the PathSupport object that RubyGems uses to lookup files.

Initialize the filesystem paths to use from env. env is a hash-like object (typically ENV) that is queried for ‘GEM_HOME’, ‘GEM_PATH’, and ‘GEM_SPEC_CACHE’ Keys for the env hash should be Strings, and values of the hash should be Strings or nil.

Default options for gem commands for Ruby implementers.

The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.

Example:

def self.platform_defaults

{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}

end

Array of platforms this RubyGems supports.

Set array of platforms this RubyGems supports (primarily for testing).

Glob pattern for require-able plugin suffixes.

Regexp for require-able plugin suffixes.

The path were rubygems plugins are to be installed.

Adds a post-build hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called. The hook is called after the gem has been extracted and extensions have been built but before the executables or gemspec has been written. If the hook returns false then the gem’s files will be removed and the install will be aborted.

Adds a post-install hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called

Adds a hook that will get run after Gem::Specification.reset is run.

Adds a post-uninstall hook that will be passed a Gem::Uninstaller instance and the spec that was uninstalled when Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall is called

Adds a pre-install hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called. If the hook returns false then the install will be aborted.

Adds a hook that will get run before Gem::Specification.reset is run.

Adds a pre-uninstall hook that will be passed an Gem::Uninstaller instance and the spec that will be uninstalled when Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall is called

The directory prefix this RubyGems was installed at. If your prefix is in a standard location (ie, rubygems is installed where you’d expect it to be), then prefix returns nil.

Safely read a file in binary mode on all platforms.

Refresh available gems from disk.

Register a Gem::Specification for default gem.

Two formats for the specification are supported:

  • MRI 2.0 style, where spec.files contains unprefixed require names. The spec’s filenames will be registered as-is.

  • New style, where spec.files contains files prefixed with paths from spec.require_paths. The prefixes are stripped before registering the spec’s filenames. Unprefixed files are omitted.

The path to the running Ruby interpreter.

Returns a String containing the API compatibility version of Ruby

No documentation available

A Gem::Version for the currently running Ruby.

A Gem::Version for the currently running RubyGems

Returns the value of Gem.source_date_epoch_string, as a Time object.

This is used throughout RubyGems for enabling reproducible builds.

If the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is set, returns it’s value. Otherwise, returns the time that ‘Gem.source_date_epoch_string` was first called in the same format as SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.

NOTE(@duckinator): The implementation is a tad weird because we want to:

1. Make builds reproducible by default, by having this function always
   return the same result during a given run.
2. Allow changing ENV['SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH'] at runtime, since multiple
   tests that set this variable will be run in a single process.

If you simplify this function and a lot of tests fail, that is likely due to #2 above.

Details on SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH: reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/

Returns an Array of sources to fetch remote gems from. Uses default_sources if the sources list is empty.

Need to be able to set the sources without calling Gem.sources.replace since that would cause an infinite loop.

DOC: This comment is not documentation about the method itself, it’s more of a code comment about the implementation.

No documentation available

Glob pattern for require-able path suffixes.

Regexp for require-able path suffixes.

Suffixes for require-able paths.

Prints the amount of time the supplied block takes to run using the debug UI output.

Try to activate a gem containing path. Returns true if activation succeeded or wasn’t needed because it was already activated. Returns false if it can’t find the path in a gem.

::

Lazily loads DefaultUserInteraction and returns the default UI.

Looks for a gem dependency file at path and activates the gems in the file if found. If the file is not found an ArgumentError is raised.

If path is not given the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable is used, but if no file is found no exception is raised.

If ‘-’ is given for path RubyGems searches up from the current working directory for gem dependency files (gem.deps.rb, Gemfile, Isolate) and activates the gems in the first one found.

You can run this automatically when rubygems starts. To enable, set the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable to either the path of your gem dependencies file or “-” to auto-discover in parent directories.

NOTE: Enabling automatic discovery on multiuser systems can lead to execution of arbitrary code when used from directories outside your control.

Use the home and paths values for Gem.dir and Gem.path. Used mainly by the unit tests to provide environment isolation.

Path for gems in the user’s home directory

The home directory for the user.

Is this a windows platform?

Safely write a file in binary mode on all platforms.