By default calls instance(). Override to retain singleton state.
Returns the result of converting the serialized data in source into a Ruby object (possibly with associated subordinate objects). source may be either an instance of IO
or an object that responds to to_str. If proc is specified, each object will be passed to the proc, as the object is being deserialized.
Never pass untrusted data (including user supplied input) to this method. Please see the overview for further details.
If the freeze: true
argument is passed, deserialized object would be deeply frozen. Note that it may lead to more efficient memory usage due to frozen strings deduplication:
serialized = Marshal.dump(['value1', 'value2', 'value1', 'value2']) deserialized = Marshal.load(serialized) deserialized.map(&:frozen?) # => [false, false, false, false] deserialized.map(&:object_id) # => [1023900, 1023920, 1023940, 1023960] -- 4 different objects deserialized = Marshal.load(serialized, freeze: true) deserialized.map(&:frozen?) # => [true, true, true, true] deserialized.map(&:object_id) # => [1039360, 1039380, 1039360, 1039380] -- only 2 different objects, object_ids repeating
Returns the value of the Gauss error function for x
.
Domain: [-INFINITY, INFINITY]
.
Range: [-1, 1]
.
Examples:
erf(-INFINITY) # => -1.0 erf(0.0) # => 0.0 erf(INFINITY) # => 1.0
Related: Math.erfc
.
Returns the value of the complementary error function for x
.
Domain: [-INFINITY, INFINITY]
.
Range: [0, 2]
.
Examples:
erfc(-INFINITY) # => 2.0 erfc(0.0) # => 1.0 erfc(INFINITY) # => 0.0
Related: Math.erf
.
Returns the process group ID for the current process:
Process.getpgid(0) # => 25527 Process.getpgrp # => 25527
Returns the process group ID for the given process ID +pid+: Process.getpgid(Process.ppid) # => 25527
Not available on all platforms.
Returns the session ID of the given process ID pid
, or of the current process if not given:
Process.getsid # => 27422 Process.getsid(0) # => 27422 Process.getsid(Process.pid()) # => 27422
Not available on all platforms.
Returns the scheduling priority for specified process, process group, or user.
Argument kind
is one of:
Process::PRIO_PROCESS
: return priority for process.
Process::PRIO_PGRP
: return priority for process group.
Process::PRIO_USER
: return priority for user.
Argument id
is the ID for the process, process group, or user; zero specified the current ID for kind
.
Examples:
Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0) # => 19 Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0) # => 19
Not available on all platforms.
Returns a 2-element array of the current (soft) limit and maximum (hard) limit for the given resource
.
Argument resource
specifies the resource whose limits are to be returned; see Process.setrlimit
.
Each of the returned values cur_limit
and max_limit
is an integer; see Process.setrlimit
.
Example:
Process.getrlimit(:CORE) # => [0, 18446744073709551615]
See Process.setrlimit
.
Not available on all platforms.
Generates a valid JSON
document from object obj
and returns the result. If no valid JSON
document can be created this method raises a GeneratorError
exception.
Returns the generator of the group.
See the OpenSSL
documentation for EC_GROUP_get0_generator()
in foo | bar
Get all gem names from the command line.
Get a single gem name from the command line. Fail if there is no gem name or if there is more than one gem name given.
The X509
certificate chain for this socket’s peer.
Returns the last Finished message received