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Configure the character columns field for this repository and return self.

Returns self.

Returns the value as a rational. The optional argument eps is always ignored.

Return the class or module refined by the receiver.

module M
  refine String do
  end
end

M.refinements[0].target # => String

Returns a new Complex object formed from the arguments, each of which must be an instance of Numeric, or an instance of one of its subclasses: Complex, Float, Integer, Rational; see Rectangular Coordinates:

Complex.rect(3)             # => (3+0i)
Complex.rect(3, Math::PI)   # => (3+3.141592653589793i)
Complex.rect(-3, -Math::PI) # => (-3-3.141592653589793i)

Complex.rectangular is an alias for Complex.rect.

Returns a new Complex object formed from the arguments, each of which must be an instance of Numeric, or an instance of one of its subclasses: Complex, Float, Integer, Rational. Argument arg is given in radians; see Polar Coordinates:

Complex.polar(3)        # => (3+0i)
Complex.polar(3, 2.0)   # => (-1.2484405096414273+2.727892280477045i)
Complex.polar(-3, -2.0) # => (1.2484405096414273+2.727892280477045i)

Returns the imaginary value for self:

Complex.rect(7).imag     # => 0
Complex.rect(9, -4).imag # => -4

If self was created with polar coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:

Complex.polar(1, Math::PI/4).imag # => 0.7071067811865476 # Square root of 2.

Returns the argument (angle) for self in radians; see polar coordinates:

Complex.polar(3, Math::PI/2).arg  # => 1.57079632679489660

If self was created with rectangular coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:

Complex.polar(1, 1.0/3).arg # => 0.33333333333333326

Returns the array [self.real, self.imag]:

Complex.rect(1, 2).rect # => [1, 2]

See Rectangular Coordinates.

If self was created with polar coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:

Complex.polar(1.0, 1.0).rect # => [0.5403023058681398, 0.8414709848078965]

Complex#rectangular is an alias for Complex#rect.

Returns the array [self.abs, self.arg]:

Complex.polar(1, 2).polar # => [1.0, 2.0]

See Polar Coordinates.

If self was created with rectangular coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:

Complex.rect(1, 1).polar # => [1.4142135623730951, 0.7853981633974483]

Returns the Complex object created from the numerators of the real and imaginary parts of self, after converting each part to the lowest common denominator of the two:

c = Complex.rect(Rational(2, 3), Rational(3, 4)) # => ((2/3)+(3/4)*i)
c.numerator                                      # => (8+9i)

In this example, the lowest common denominator of the two parts is 12; the two converted parts may be thought of as Rational(8, 12) and Rational(9, 12), whose numerators, respectively, are 8 and 9; so the returned value of c.numerator is Complex.rect(8, 9).

Related: Complex#denominator.

Returns a Rational object whose value is exactly or approximately equivalent to that of self.real.

With no argument epsilon given, returns a Rational object whose value is exactly equal to that of self.real.rationalize:

Complex.rect(1, 0).rationalize              # => (1/1)
Complex.rect(1, Rational(0, 1)).rationalize # => (1/1)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize        # => (314159/100000)

With argument epsilon given, returns a Rational object whose value is exactly or approximately equal to that of self.real to the given precision:

Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.1)          # => (16/5)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.01)         # => (22/7)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.001)        # => (201/64)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.0001)       # => (333/106)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.00001)      # => (355/113)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.000001)     # => (7433/2366)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.0000001)    # => (9208/2931)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.00000001)   # => (47460/15107)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.000000001)  # => (76149/24239)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.0000000001) # => (314159/100000)
Complex.rect(3.14159, 0).rationalize(0.0)          # => (3537115888337719/1125899906842624)

Related: Complex#to_r.

Returns zero as a Rational:

nil.rationalize # => (0/1)

Argument eps is ignored.

Returns zero if self is positive, Math::PI otherwise.

Returns array [self, 0].

Returns array [self.abs, self.arg].

Returns zero.

Returns the numerator.

Removes the contents of self:

s = 'foo' # => "foo"
s.clear   # => ""

Returns an array of the characters in self:

'hello'.chars     # => ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
'тест'.chars      # => ["т", "е", "с", "т"]
'こんにちは'.chars # => ["こ", "ん", "に", "ち", "は"]

Returns a 3-element array of substrings of self.

Matches a pattern against self, scanning from the beginning. The pattern is:

• string_or_regexp itself, if it is a Regexp.

• Regexp.quote(string_or_regexp), if string_or_regexp is a string.

If the pattern is matched, returns pre-match, first-match, post-match:

'hello'.partition('l')      # => ["he", "l", "lo"]
'hello'.partition('ll')     # => ["he", "ll", "o"]
'hello'.partition('h')      # => ["", "h", "ello"]
'hello'.partition('o')      # => ["hell", "o", ""]
'hello'.partition(/l+/)     #=> ["he", "ll", "o"]
'hello'.partition('')       # => ["", "", "hello"]
'тест'.partition('т')       # => ["", "т", "ест"]
'こんにちは'.partition('に')  # => ["こん", "に", "ちは"]

If the pattern is not matched, returns a copy of self and two empty strings:

'hello'.partition('x') # => ["hello", "", ""]

Related: String#rpartition, String#split.

Returns a 3-element array of substrings of self.

Matches a pattern against self, scanning backwards from the end. The pattern is:

• string_or_regexp itself, if it is a Regexp.

• Regexp.quote(string_or_regexp), if string_or_regexp is a string.

If the pattern is matched, returns pre-match, last-match, post-match:

'hello'.rpartition('l')      # => ["hel", "l", "o"]
'hello'.rpartition('ll')     # => ["he", "ll", "o"]
'hello'.rpartition('h')      # => ["", "h", "ello"]
'hello'.rpartition('o')      # => ["hell", "o", ""]
'hello'.rpartition(/l+/)     # => ["hel", "l", "o"]
'hello'.rpartition('')       # => ["hello", "", ""]
'тест'.rpartition('т')       # => ["тес", "т", ""]
'こんにちは'.rpartition('に')  # => ["こん", "に", "ちは"]

If the pattern is not matched, returns two empty strings and a copy of self:

'hello'.rpartition('x') # => ["", "", "hello"]

Related: String#partition, String#split.

Returns 0 if self is positive, Math::PI otherwise.

Returns the numerator. The result is machine dependent.

n = 0.3.numerator    #=> 5404319552844595
d = 0.3.denominator  #=> 18014398509481984
n.fdiv(d)            #=> 0.3

See also Float#denominator.