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The command manager registers and installs all the individual sub-commands supported by the gem command.

Extra commands can be provided by writing a rubygems_plugin.rb file in an installed gem. You should register your command against the Gem::CommandManager instance, like this:

# file rubygems_plugin.rb
require 'rubygems/command_manager'

Gem::CommandManager.instance.register_command :edit

You should put the implementation of your command in rubygems/commands.

# file rubygems/commands/edit_command.rb
class Gem::Commands::EditCommand < Gem::Command
  # ...
end

See Gem::Command for instructions on writing gem commands.

Raised when attempting to uninstall a gem that isn’t in GEM_HOME.

Potentially raised when a specification is validated.

Used to raise parsing and loading errors

Potentially raised when a specification is validated.

Raised when a gem dependencies file specifies a ruby version that does not match the current version.

Raised by Gem::Validator when something is not right in a gem.

Raised to indicate that a system exit should occur with the specified exit_code

Raised by Resolver when a dependency requests a gem for which there is no spec.

Example using a Gem::Package

Builds a .gem file given a Gem::Specification. A .gem file is a tarball which contains a data.tar.gz, metadata.gz, checksums.yaml.gz and possibly signatures.

require 'rubygems'
require 'rubygems/package'

spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
  s.summary = "Ruby based make-like utility."
  s.name = 'rake'
  s.version = PKG_VERSION
  s.requirements << 'none'
  s.files = PKG_FILES
  s.description = <<-EOF
Rake is a Make-like program implemented in Ruby. Tasks
and dependencies are specified in standard Ruby syntax.
  EOF
end

Gem::Package.build spec

Reads a .gem file.

require 'rubygems'
require 'rubygems/package'

the_gem = Gem::Package.new(path_to_dot_gem)
the_gem.contents # get the files in the gem
the_gem.extract_files destination_directory # extract the gem into a directory
the_gem.spec # get the spec out of the gem
the_gem.verify # check the gem is OK (contains valid gem specification, contains a not corrupt contents archive)

files are the files in the .gem tar file, not the Ruby files in the gem extract_files and contents automatically call verify

Create a package based upon a Gem::Specification. Gem packages, as well as zip files and tar/gzipped packages can be produced by this task.

In addition to the Rake targets generated by Rake::PackageTask, a Gem::PackageTask will also generate the following tasks:

“package_dir/name-version.gem”

Create a RubyGems package with the given name and version.

Example using a Gem::Specification:

require 'rubygems'
require 'rubygems/package_task'

spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
  s.summary = "Ruby based make-like utility."
  s.name = 'rake'
  s.version = PKG_VERSION
  s.requirements << 'none'
  s.files = PKG_FILES
  s.description = <<-EOF
Rake is a Make-like program implemented in Ruby. Tasks
and dependencies are specified in standard Ruby syntax.
  EOF
end

Gem::PackageTask.new(spec) do |pkg|
  pkg.need_zip = true
  pkg.need_tar = true
end

A Requirement is a set of one or more version restrictions. It supports a few (=, !=, >, <, >=, <=, ~>) different restriction operators.

See Gem::Version for a description on how versions and requirements work together in RubyGems.

The Specification class contains the information for a gem. Typically defined in a .gemspec file or a Rakefile, and looks like this:

Gem::Specification.new do |s|
  s.name        = 'example'
  s.version     = '0.1.0'
  s.licenses    = ['MIT']
  s.summary     = "This is an example!"
  s.description = "Much longer explanation of the example!"
  s.authors     = ["Ruby Coder"]
  s.email       = 'rubycoder@example.com'
  s.files       = ["lib/example.rb"]
  s.homepage    = 'https://rubygems.org/gems/example'
  s.metadata    = { "source_code_uri" => "https://github.com/example/example" }
end

Starting in RubyGems 2.0, a Specification can hold arbitrary metadata. See metadata for restrictions on the format and size of metadata items you may add to a specification.

Gem::StubSpecification reads the stub: line from the gemspec. This prevents us having to eval the entire gemspec in order to find out certain information.

The UriFormatter handles URIs from user-input and escaping.

uf = Gem::UriFormatter.new 'example.com'

p uf.normalize #=> 'http://example.com'

Gem::StreamUI implements a simple stream based user interface.

Validator performs various gem file and gem database validation

This class is responsible for taking a code block that exists at a far indentaion and then iteratively increasing the block so that it captures everything within the same indentation block.

def dog
  puts "bow"
  puts "wow"
end

block = BlockExpand.new(code_lines: code_lines)

.call(CodeBlock.new(lines: code_lines[1]))

puts block.to_s # => puts “bow”

puts "wow"

Once a code block has captured everything at a given indentation level then it will expand to capture surrounding indentation.

block = BlockExpand.new(code_lines: code_lines)

.call(block)

block.to_s # => def dog

  puts "bow"
  puts "wow"
end