Returns the new string formed by calling method inspect on each array element:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a.inspect # => "[:foo, \"bar\", 2]"
Related: see Methods for Converting.
Returns a new array containing each element in self that is eql? to at least one element in each of the given other_arrays; duplicates are omitted:
[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3].intersection([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 3]) # => [0, 1]
Each element must correctly implement method hash.
Order from self is preserved:
[0, 1, 2].intersection([2, 1, 0]) # => [0, 1, 2]
Returns a copy of self if no arguments are given.
Related: see Methods for Combining.
Returns whether other_array has at least one element that is eql? to some element of self:
[1, 2, 3].intersect?([3, 4, 5]) # => true [1, 2, 3].intersect?([4, 5, 6]) # => false
Each element must correctly implement method hash.
Related: see Methods for Querying.
Inserts the given objects as elements of self; returns self.
When index is non-negative, inserts objects before the element at offset index:
a = ['a', 'b', 'c'] # => ["a", "b", "c"] a.insert(1, :x, :y, :z) # => ["a", :x, :y, :z, "b", "c"]
Extends the array if index is beyond the array (index >= self.size):
a = ['a', 'b', 'c'] # => ["a", "b", "c"] a.insert(5, :x, :y, :z) # => ["a", "b", "c", nil, nil, :x, :y, :z]
When index is negative, inserts objects after the element at offset index + self.size:
a = ['a', 'b', 'c'] # => ["a", "b", "c"] a.insert(-2, :x, :y, :z) # => ["a", "b", :x, :y, :z, "c"]
With no objects given, does nothing:
a = ['a', 'b', 'c'] # => ["a", "b", "c"] a.insert(1) # => ["a", "b", "c"] a.insert(50) # => ["a", "b", "c"] a.insert(-50) # => ["a", "b", "c"]
Raises IndexError if objects are given and index is negative and out of range.
Related: see Methods for Assigning.
Returns the zero-based integer index of a specified element, or nil.
With only argument object given, returns the index of the first element element for which object == element:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar'] a.index('bar') # => 1
Returns nil if no such element found.
With only a block given, calls the block with each successive element; returns the index of the first element for which the block returns a truthy value:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar'] a.index {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 1
Returns nil if the block never returns a truthy value.
With neither an argument nor a block given, returns a new Enumerator.
Related: see Methods for Querying.
Returns the index of the last element for which object == element.
With argument object given, returns the index of the last such element found:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar'] a.rindex('bar') # => 3
Returns nil if no such object found.
With a block given, calls the block with each successive element; returns the index of the last element for which the block returns a truthy value:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar'] a.rindex {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 3
Returns nil if the block never returns a truthy value.
When neither an argument nor a block is given, returns a new Enumerator.
Related: see Methods for Querying.
Returns the new string formed by joining the converted elements of self; for each element element:
Converts recursively using element.join(separator) if element is a kind_of?(Array).
Otherwise, converts using element.to_s.
With no argument given, joins using the output field separator, $,:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] $, # => nil a.join # => "foobar2"
With string argument separator given, joins using that separator:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a.join("\n") # => "foo\nbar\n2"
Joins recursively for nested arrays:
a = [:foo, [:bar, [:baz, :bat]]] a.join # => "foobarbazbat"
Related: see Methods for Converting.
With a block given, calls the block with each element of self; returns a new array whose elements are the return values from the block:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a1 = a.map {|element| element.class } a1 # => [Symbol, String, Integer]
With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
Related: collect!; see also Methods for Converting.
With a block given, calls the block with each element of self and replaces the element with the block’s return value; returns self:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a.map! { |element| element.class } # => [Symbol, String, Integer]
With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
Related: collect; see also Methods for Converting.
Returns whether for some element element in self, object == element:
[0, 1, 2].include?(2) # => true [0, 1, 2].include?(2.0) # => true [0, 1, 2].include?(2.1) # => false
Related: see Methods for Querying.
When a block and a positive integer-convertible object argument count (0 < count <= self.size) are given, calls the block with each combination of self of size count; returns self:
a = %w[a b c] # => ["a", "b", "c"] a.combination(2) {|combination| p combination } # => ["a", "b", "c"]
Output:
["a", "b"] ["a", "c"] ["b", "c"]
The order of the yielded combinations is not guaranteed.
When count is zero, calls the block once with a new empty array:
a.combination(0) {|combination| p combination } [].combination(0) {|combination| p combination }
Output:
[] []
When count is negative or larger than self.size and self is non-empty, does not call the block:
a.combination(-1) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => ["a", "b", "c"] a.combination(4) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => ["a", "b", "c"]
With no block given, returns a new Enumerator.
Related: Array#permutation; see also Methods for Iterating.
Builds a command line string from an argument list array joining all elements escaped for the Bourne shell and separated by a space.
See Shellwords.shelljoin for details.
Returns a string containing the place-value representation of self in radix base (in 2..36).
12345.to_s # => "12345" 12345.to_s(2) # => "11000000111001" 12345.to_s(8) # => "30071" 12345.to_s(10) # => "12345" 12345.to_s(16) # => "3039" 12345.to_s(36) # => "9ix" 78546939656932.to_s(36) # => "rubyrules"
Raises an exception if base is out of range.
Since self is already an Integer, always returns true.
Returns the imaginary value for self:
Complex.rect(7).imag # => 0 Complex.rect(9, -4).imag # => -4
If self was created with polar coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:
Complex.polar(1, Math::PI/4).imag # => 0.7071067811865476 # Square root of 2.
Returns the absolute value (magnitude) for self; see polar coordinates:
Complex.polar(-1, 0).abs # => 1.0
If self was created with rectangular coordinates, the returned value is computed, and may be inexact:
Complex.rectangular(1, 1).abs # => 1.4142135623730951 # The square root of 2.
Returns a string representation of self:
Complex.rect(2).inspect # => "(2+0i)" Complex.rect(-8, 6).inspect # => "(-8+6i)" Complex.rect(0, Rational(1, 2)).inspect # => "(0+(1/2)*i)" Complex.rect(0, Float::INFINITY).inspect # => "(0+Infinity*i)" Complex.rect(Float::NAN, Float::NAN).inspect # => "(NaN+NaN*i)"
Returns true if both self.real.finite? and self.imag.finite? are true, false otherwise:
Complex.rect(1, 1).finite? # => true Complex.rect(Float::INFINITY, 0).finite? # => false
Related: Numeric#finite?, Float#finite?.
Returns the absolute value of self.
12.abs #=> 12 (-34.56).abs #=> 34.56 -34.56.abs #=> 34.56
Returns true if self is a finite number, false otherwise.