Results for: "Array.new"

Compile a ArrayPatternNode node

Dispatch enter and leave events for ArrayPatternNode nodes and continue walking the tree.

Copy a ArrayPatternNode node

in [foo, bar, baz]

Returns a new String that is a copy of string.

With no arguments, returns the empty string with the Encoding ASCII-8BIT:

s = String.new
s # => ""
s.encoding # => #<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>

With optional argument string and no keyword arguments, returns a copy of string with the same encoding:

String.new('foo')               # => "foo"
String.new('тест')              # => "тест"
String.new('こんにちは')          # => "こんにちは"

(Unlike String.new, a string literal like '' or a string literal always has script encoding.)

With optional keyword argument encoding, returns a copy of string with the specified encoding; the encoding may be an Encoding object, an encoding name, or an encoding name alias:

String.new('foo', encoding: Encoding::US_ASCII).encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
String.new('foo', encoding: 'US-ASCII').encoding         # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
String.new('foo', encoding: 'ASCII').encoding            # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>

The given encoding need not be valid for the string’s content, and that validity is not checked:

s = String.new('こんにちは', encoding: 'ascii')
s.valid_encoding? # => false

But the given encoding itself is checked:

String.new('foo', encoding: 'bar') # Raises ArgumentError.

With optional keyword argument capacity, returns a copy of string (or an empty string, if string is not given); the given capacity is advisory only, and may or may not set the size of the internal buffer, which may in turn affect performance:

String.new(capacity: 1)
String.new('foo', capacity: 4096)

The string, encoding, and capacity arguments may all be used together:

String.new('hello', encoding: 'UTF-8', capacity: 25)

Creates new Fiber. Initially, the fiber is not running and can be resumed with resume. Arguments to the first resume call will be passed to the block:

f = Fiber.new do |initial|
   current = initial
   loop do
     puts "current: #{current.inspect}"
     current = Fiber.yield
   end
end
f.resume(100)     # prints: current: 100
f.resume(1, 2, 3) # prints: current: [1, 2, 3]
f.resume          # prints: current: nil
# ... and so on ...

If blocking: false is passed to Fiber.new, and current thread has a Fiber.scheduler defined, the Fiber becomes non-blocking (see “Non-blocking Fibers” section in class docs).

If the storage is unspecified, the default is to inherit a copy of the storage from the current fiber. This is the same as specifying storage: true.

Fiber[:x] = 1
Fiber.new do
  Fiber[:x] # => 1
  Fiber[:x] = 2
end.resume
Fiber[:x] # => 1

If the given storage is nil, this function will lazy initialize the internal storage, which starts as an empty hash.

Fiber[:x] = "Hello World"
Fiber.new(storage: nil) do
  Fiber[:x] # nil
end

Otherwise, the given storage is used as the new fiber’s storage, and it must be an instance of Hash.

Explicitly using storage: true is currently experimental and may change in the future.

Returns a new Dir object for the directory at dirpath:

Dir.new('.') # => #<Dir:.>

The value given with optional keyword argument encoding specifies the encoding for the directory entry names; if nil (the default), the file system’s encoding is used:

Dir.new('.').read.encoding                       # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
Dir.new('.', encoding: 'US-ASCII').read.encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>

Opens the file at the given path according to the given mode; creates and returns a new File object for that file.

The new File object is buffered mode (or non-sync mode), unless filename is a tty. See IO#flush, IO#fsync, IO#fdatasync, and IO#sync=.

Argument path must be a valid file path:

f = File.new('/etc/fstab')
f.close
f = File.new('t.txt')
f.close

Optional argument mode (defaults to ‘r’) must specify a valid mode; see Access Modes:

f = File.new('t.tmp', 'w')
f.close
f = File.new('t.tmp', File::RDONLY)
f.close

Optional argument perm (defaults to 0666) must specify valid permissions see File Permissions:

f = File.new('t.tmp', File::CREAT, 0644)
f.close
f = File.new('t.tmp', File::CREAT, 0444)
f.close

Optional keyword arguments opts specify:

• Open Options.

• Encoding options.

Creates a new Enumerator object, which can be used as an Enumerable.

Iteration is defined by the given block, in which a “yielder” object, given as block parameter, can be used to yield a value by calling the yield method (aliased as <<):

fib = Enumerator.new do |y|
  a = b = 1
  loop do
    y << a
    a, b = b, a + b
  end
end

fib.take(10) # => [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]

The optional parameter can be used to specify how to calculate the size in a lazy fashion (see Enumerator#size). It can either be a value or a callable object.

Construct a new Exception object, optionally passing in a message.

Create a new SystemExit exception with the given status and message. Status is true, false, or an integer. If status is not given, true is used.

Construct a new SignalException object. sig_name should be a known signal name.

Construct a new KeyError exception with the given message, receiver and key.

Construct a SyntaxError exception.

Construct a new NameError exception. If given the name parameter may subsequently be examined using the NameError#name method. receiver parameter allows to pass object in context of which the error happened. Example:

[1, 2, 3].method(:rject) # NameError with name "rject" and receiver: Array
[1, 2, 3].singleton_method(:rject) # NameError with name "rject" and receiver: [1, 2, 3]

Construct a NoMethodError exception for a method of the given name called with the given arguments. The name may be accessed using the name method on the resulting object, and the arguments using the args method.

If private argument were passed, it designates method was attempted to call in private context, and can be accessed with private_call? method.

receiver argument stores an object whose method was called.

Construct a new FrozenError exception. If given the receiver parameter may subsequently be examined using the FrozenError#receiver method.

a = [].freeze
raise FrozenError.new("can't modify frozen array", receiver: a)

Construct a new NoMatchingPatternKeyError exception with the given message, matchee and key.

If errno corresponds to a known system error code, constructs the appropriate Errno class for that error, otherwise constructs a generic SystemCallError object. The error number is subsequently available via the errno method.

Creates a new anonymous module. If a block is given, it is passed the module object, and the block is evaluated in the context of this module like module_eval.

fred = Module.new do
  def meth1
    "hello"
  end
  def meth2
    "bye"
  end
end
a = "my string"
a.extend(fred)   #=> "my string"
a.meth1          #=> "hello"
a.meth2          #=> "bye"

Assign the module to a constant (name starting uppercase) if you want to treat it like a regular module.

Create a new CGI instance.

tag_maker

This is the same as using the options_hash form with the value { :tag_maker => tag_maker } Note that it is recommended to use the options_hash form, since it also allows you specify the charset you will accept.

options_hash

A Hash that recognizes three options:

:accept_charset

specifies encoding of received query string. If omitted, @@accept_charset is used. If the encoding is not valid, a CGI::InvalidEncoding will be raised.

Example. Suppose @@accept_charset is “UTF-8”

when not specified:

cgi=CGI.new      # @accept_charset # => "UTF-8"

when specified as “EUC-JP”:

cgi=CGI.new(:accept_charset => "EUC-JP") # => "EUC-JP"

:tag_maker

String that specifies which version of the HTML generation methods to use. If not specified, no HTML generation methods will be loaded.

The following values are supported:

“html3”

HTML 3.x

“html4”

HTML 4.0

“html4Tr”

HTML 4.0 Transitional

“html4Fr”

HTML 4.0 with Framesets

“html5”

HTML 5

:max_multipart_length

Specifies maximum length of multipart data. Can be an Integer scalar or a lambda, that will be evaluated when the request is parsed. This allows more complex logic to be set when determining whether to accept multipart data (e.g. consult a registered users upload allowance)

Default is 128 * 1024 * 1024 bytes

cgi=CGI.new(:max_multipart_length => 268435456) # simple scalar

cgi=CGI.new(:max_multipart_length => -> {check_filesystem}) # lambda

block

If provided, the block is called when an invalid encoding is encountered. For example:

encoding_errors={}
cgi=CGI.new(:accept_charset=>"EUC-JP") do |name,value|
  encoding_errors[name] = value
end

Finally, if the CGI object is not created in a standard CGI call environment (that is, it can’t locate REQUEST_METHOD in its environment), then it will run in “offline” mode. In this mode, it reads its parameters from the command line or (failing that) from standard input. Otherwise, cookies and other parameters are parsed automatically from the standard CGI locations, which varies according to the REQUEST_METHOD.

Returns a new Date object constructed from the given arguments:

Date.new(2022).to_s        # => "2022-01-01"
Date.new(2022, 2).to_s     # => "2022-02-01"
Date.new(2022, 2, 4).to_s  # => "2022-02-04"

Argument month should be in range (1..12) or range (-12..-1); when the argument is negative, counts backward from the end of the year:

Date.new(2022, -11, 4).to_s # => "2022-02-04"

Argument mday should be in range (1..n) or range (-n..-1) where n is the number of days in the month; when the argument is negative, counts backward from the end of the month.

See argument start.

Related: Date.jd.

Same as DateTime.new.

Returns a new Time object based on the given arguments, by default in the local timezone.

With no positional arguments, returns the value of Time.now:

Time.new # => 2021-04-24 17:27:46.0512465 -0500

With one string argument that represents a time, returns a new Time object based on the given argument, in the local timezone.

Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5')              # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900')        # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5', in: '+0900') # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5')              # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.56789', precision: 3) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.567 -0600

With one to six arguments, returns a new Time object based on the given arguments, in the local timezone.

Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) # => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 -0600

For the positional arguments (other than zone):

• year: Year, with no range limits:

  Time.new(999999999)  # => 999999999-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(-999999999) # => -999999999-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  

• month: Month in range (1..12), or case-insensitive 3-letter month name:

  Time.new(2000, 1)     # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 12)    # => 2000-12-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 'jan') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 'JAN') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  

• mday: Month day in range(1..31):

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 31) # => 2000-01-31 00:00:00 -0600
  

• hour: Hour in range (0..23), or 24 if min, sec, and usec are zero:

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 23) # => 2000-01-01 23:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 24) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 -0600
  

• min: Minute in range (0..59):

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:59:00 -0600
  

• sec: Second in range (0…61):

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:59 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 60) # => 2000-01-01 00:01:00 -0600
  

  sec may be Float or Rational.

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59.5)  # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59.7r) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.7 +0900
  

These values may be:

• Integers, as above.

• Numerics convertible to integers:

  Time.new(Float(0.0), Rational(1, 1), 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
  # => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  

• String integers:

  a = %w[0 1 1 0 0 0]
  # => ["0", "1", "1", "0", "0", "0"]
  Time.new(*a) # => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  

When positional argument zone or keyword argument in: is given, the new Time object is in the specified timezone. For the forms of argument zone, see Timezone Specifiers:

Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, '+12:00')
# => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 +1200
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, in: '-12:00')
# => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -1200
Time.new(in: '-12:00')
# => 2022-08-23 08:49:26.1941467 -1200

Since in: keyword argument just provides the default, so if the first argument in single string form contains time zone information, this keyword argument will be silently ignored.

Time.new('2000-01-01 00:00:00 +0100', in: '-0500').utc_offset  # => 3600

• precision: maximum effective digits in sub-second part, default is 9. More digits will be truncated, as other operations of Time. Ignored unless the first argument is a string.