Safely write a file in binary mode on all platforms.
A Gem::Version for the currently running Ruby.
A Gem::Version for the currently running RubyGems
Start a dRuby server locally.
The new dRuby server will become the primary server, even if another server is currently the primary server.
uri is the URI for the server to bind to. If nil, the server will bind to random port on the default local host name and use the default dRuby protocol.
front is the server’s front object. This may be nil.
config is the configuration for the new server. This may be nil.
See DRbServer::new.
Start a dRuby server locally.
The new dRuby server will become the primary server, even if another server is currently the primary server.
uri is the URI for the server to bind to. If nil, the server will bind to random port on the default local host name and use the default dRuby protocol.
front is the server’s front object. This may be nil.
config is the configuration for the new server. This may be nil.
See DRbServer::new.
Returns true if the contents of files a and b are identical, false otherwise.
Arguments a and b should be interpretable as a path.
FileUtils.identical? and FileUtils.cmp are aliases for FileUtils.compare_file.
Related: FileUtils.compare_stream.
Returns true if the contents of files a and b are identical, false otherwise.
Arguments a and b should be interpretable as a path.
FileUtils.identical? and FileUtils.cmp are aliases for FileUtils.compare_file.
Related: FileUtils.compare_stream.
Returns true if the contents of streams a and b are identical, false otherwise.
Arguments a and b should be interpretable as a path.
Related: FileUtils.compare_file.
Returns true if the contents of streams a and b are identical, false otherwise.
Arguments a and b should be interpretable as a path.
Related: FileUtils.compare_file.
Tests for the presence of a --with-config or --without-config option. Returns true if the with option is given, false if the without option is given, and the default value otherwise.
This can be useful for adding custom definitions, such as debug information.
Example:
if with_config("debug") $defs.push("-DOSSL_DEBUG") unless $defs.include? "-DOSSL_DEBUG" end
Notify observers of a change in state if this object’s changed state is true.
This will invoke the method named in add_observer, passing *arg. The changed state is then set to false.
*arg
Any arguments to pass to the observers.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Does not wait for child processes to exit.
With no block given, returns an array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_start('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de9d2bb0 run>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de9d2890 run>] wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
With a block given, calls the block with an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_start('ls', 'grep R') do |wait_threads| wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Does not wait for child processes to exit.
With no block given, returns an array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_start('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de9d2bb0 run>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de9d2890 run>] wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
With a block given, calls the block with an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_start('ls', 'grep R') do |wait_threads| wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Returns true if the source parses with errors.
Mirror the Prism.parse_file API by using the serialization API. This uses native strings instead of Ruby strings because it allows us to use mmap when it is available.
Mirror the Prism.parse_comments API by using the serialization API.
Mirror the Prism.parse_lex API by using the serialization API.
Mirror the Prism.parse_success? API by using the serialization API.
Returns a clock time as determined by POSIX function clock_gettime():
Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) # => 198.650379677
Argument clock_id should be a symbol or a constant that specifies the clock whose time is to be returned; see below.
Optional argument unit should be a symbol that specifies the unit to be used in the returned clock time; see below.
Argument clock_id
Argument clock_id specifies the clock whose time is to be returned; it may be a constant such as Process::CLOCK_REALTIME, or a symbol shorthand such as :CLOCK_REALTIME.
The supported clocks depend on the underlying operating system; this method supports the following clocks on the indicated platforms (raises Errno::EINVAL if called with an unsupported clock):
:CLOCK_BOOTTIME: Linux 2.6.39.
:CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM: Linux 3.0.
:CLOCK_MONOTONIC: SUSv3 to 4, Linux 2.5.63, FreeBSD 3.0, NetBSD 2.0, OpenBSD 3.4, macOS 10.12, Windows-2000.
:CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE: Linux 2.6.32.
:CLOCK_MONOTONIC_FAST: FreeBSD 8.1.
:CLOCK_MONOTONIC_PRECISE: FreeBSD 8.1.
:CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW: Linux 2.6.28, macOS 10.12.
:CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX: macOS 10.12.
:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID: SUSv3 to 4, Linux 2.5.63, FreeBSD 9.3, OpenBSD 5.4, macOS 10.12.
:CLOCK_PROF: FreeBSD 3.0, OpenBSD 2.1.
:CLOCK_REALTIME: SUSv2 to 4, Linux 2.5.63, FreeBSD 3.0, NetBSD 2.0, OpenBSD 2.1, macOS 10.12, Windows-8/Server-2012. Time.now is recommended over +:CLOCK_REALTIME:.
:CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM: Linux 3.0.
:CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE: Linux 2.6.32.
:CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST: FreeBSD 8.1.
:CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE: FreeBSD 8.1.
:CLOCK_SECOND: FreeBSD 8.1.
:CLOCK_TAI: Linux 3.10.
:CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID: SUSv3 to 4, Linux 2.5.63, FreeBSD 7.1, OpenBSD 5.4, macOS 10.12.
:CLOCK_UPTIME: FreeBSD 7.0, OpenBSD 5.5.
:CLOCK_UPTIME_FAST: FreeBSD 8.1.
:CLOCK_UPTIME_PRECISE: FreeBSD 8.1.
:CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW: macOS 10.12.
:CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX: macOS 10.12.
:CLOCK_VIRTUAL: FreeBSD 3.0, OpenBSD 2.1.
Note that SUS stands for Single Unix Specification. SUS contains POSIX and clock_gettime is defined in the POSIX part. SUS defines :CLOCK_REALTIME as mandatory but :CLOCK_MONOTONIC, :CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, and :CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID are optional.
Certain emulations are used when the given clock_id is not supported directly:
Emulations for :CLOCK_REALTIME:
:GETTIMEOFDAY_BASED_CLOCK_REALTIME: Use gettimeofday() defined by SUS (deprecated in SUSv4). The resolution is 1 microsecond.
:TIME_BASED_CLOCK_REALTIME: Use time() defined by ISO C. The resolution is 1 second.
Emulations for :CLOCK_MONOTONIC:
:MACH_ABSOLUTE_TIME_BASED_CLOCK_MONOTONIC: Use mach_absolute_time(), available on Darwin. The resolution is CPU dependent.
:TIMES_BASED_CLOCK_MONOTONIC: Use the result value of times() defined by POSIX, thus:
Upon successful completion, times() shall return the elapsed real time, in clock ticks, since an arbitrary point in the past (for example, system start-up time).
For example, GNU/Linux returns a value based on jiffies and it is monotonic. However, 4.4BSD uses gettimeofday() and it is not monotonic. (FreeBSD uses :CLOCK_MONOTONIC instead, though.)
The resolution is the clock tick. “getconf CLK_TCK” command shows the clock ticks per second. (The clock ticks-per-second is defined by HZ macro in older systems.) If it is 100 and clock_t is 32 bits integer type, the resolution is 10 millisecond and cannot represent over 497 days.
Emulations for :CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID:
:GETRUSAGE_BASED_CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID: Use getrusage() defined by SUS. getrusage() is used with RUSAGE_SELF to obtain the time only for the calling process (excluding the time for child processes). The result is addition of user time (ru_utime) and system time (ru_stime). The resolution is 1 microsecond.
:TIMES_BASED_CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID: Use times() defined by POSIX. The result is addition of user time (tms_utime) and system time (tms_stime). tms_cutime and tms_cstime are ignored to exclude the time for child processes. The resolution is the clock tick. “getconf CLK_TCK” command shows the clock ticks per second. (The clock ticks per second is defined by HZ macro in older systems.) If it is 100, the resolution is 10 millisecond.
:CLOCK_BASED_CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID: Use clock() defined by ISO C. The resolution is 1/CLOCKS_PER_SEC. CLOCKS_PER_SEC is the C-level macro defined by time.h. SUS defines CLOCKS_PER_SEC as 1000000; other systems may define it differently. If CLOCKS_PER_SEC is 1000000 (as in SUS), the resolution is 1 microsecond. If CLOCKS_PER_SEC is 1000000 and clock_t is a 32-bit integer type, it cannot represent over 72 minutes.
Argument unit
Optional argument unit (default :float_second) specifies the unit for the returned value.
:float_microsecond: Number of microseconds as a float.
:float_millisecond: Number of milliseconds as a float.
:float_second: Number of seconds as a float.
:microsecond: Number of microseconds as an integer.
:millisecond: Number of milliseconds as an integer.
:nanosecond: Number of nanoseconds as an integer.
::second: Number of seconds as an integer.
Examples:
Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_microsecond) # => 203605054.825 Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_millisecond) # => 203643.696848 Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_second) # => 203.762181929 Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :microsecond) # => 204123212 Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :millisecond) # => 204298 Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :nanosecond) # => 204602286036 Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :second) # => 204
The underlying function, clock_gettime(), returns a number of nanoseconds. Float object (IEEE 754 double) is not enough to represent the return value for :CLOCK_REALTIME. If the exact nanoseconds value is required, use :nanosecond as the unit.
The origin (time zero) of the returned value is system-dependent, and may be, for example, system start up time, process start up time, the Epoch, etc.
The origin in :CLOCK_REALTIME is defined as the Epoch: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC; some systems count leap seconds and others don’t, so the result may vary across systems.
Indicated whether this Cipher instance uses an Authenticated Encryption mode.
Parses a given string as a blob that contains configuration for OpenSSL.
Parse the YAML document contained in yaml. Events will be called on the handler set on the parser instance.
See Psych::Parser and Psych::Parser#handler
Starts the parser. init is a data accumulator and is passed to the next event handler (as of Enumerable#inject).
returns the timestamp as a time object.
ancillarydata should be one of following type:
SOL_SOCKET/SCM_TIMESTAMP (microsecond) GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, MacOS X
SOL_SOCKET/SCM_TIMESTAMPNS (nanosecond) GNU/Linux
SOL_SOCKET/SCM_BINTIME (2**(-64) second) FreeBSD
Addrinfo.udp(“127.0.0.1”, 0).bind {|s1|
Addrinfo.udp("127.0.0.1", 0).bind {|s2| s1.setsockopt(:SOCKET, :TIMESTAMP, true) s2.send "a", 0, s1.local_address ctl = s1.recvmsg.last p ctl #=> #<Socket::AncillaryData: INET SOCKET TIMESTAMP 2009-02-24 17:35:46.775581> t = ctl.timestamp p t #=> 2009-02-24 17:35:46 +0900 p t.usec #=> 775581 p t.nsec #=> 775581000 }
}