Given a set of strings, calculate the set of unambiguous abbreviations for those strings, and return a hash where the keys are all the possible abbreviations and the values are the full strings.
Thus, given words is “car” and “cone”, the keys pointing to “car” would be “ca” and “car”, while those pointing to “cone” would be “co”, “con”, and “cone”.
require 'abbrev' Abbrev.abbrev(%w{ car cone }) #=> {"ca"=>"car", "con"=>"cone", "co"=>"cone", "car"=>"car", "cone"=>"cone"}
The optional pattern parameter is a pattern or a string. Only input strings that match the pattern or start with the string are included in the output hash.
Abbrev.abbrev(%w{car box cone crab}, /b/) #=> {"box"=>"box", "bo"=>"box", "b"=>"box", "crab" => "crab"} Abbrev.abbrev(%w{car box cone}, 'ca') #=> {"car"=>"car", "ca"=>"car"}
Given a set of strings, calculate the set of unambiguous abbreviations for those strings, and return a hash where the keys are all the possible abbreviations and the values are the full strings.
Thus, given words is “car” and “cone”, the keys pointing to “car” would be “ca” and “car”, while those pointing to “cone” would be “co”, “con”, and “cone”.
require 'abbrev' Abbrev.abbrev(%w{ car cone }) #=> {"ca"=>"car", "con"=>"cone", "co"=>"cone", "car"=>"car", "cone"=>"cone"}
The optional pattern parameter is a pattern or a string. Only input strings that match the pattern or start with the string are included in the output hash.
Abbrev.abbrev(%w{car box cone crab}, /b/) #=> {"box"=>"box", "bo"=>"box", "b"=>"box", "crab" => "crab"} Abbrev.abbrev(%w{car box cone}, 'ca') #=> {"car"=>"car", "ca"=>"car"}
Returns the time used to execute the given block as a Benchmark::Tms object. Takes label option.
require 'benchmark' n = 1000000 time = Benchmark.measure do n.times { a = "1" } end puts time
Generates:
0.220000 0.000000 0.220000 ( 0.227313)
Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.
Returns the time used to execute the given block as a Benchmark::Tms object. Takes label option.
require 'benchmark' n = 1000000 time = Benchmark.measure do n.times { a = "1" } end puts time
Generates:
0.220000 0.000000 0.220000 ( 0.227313)
Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.
Is uri the URI for the current local server?
Get the thread of the primary server.
This returns nil if there is no primary server. See primary_server.
Get the thread of the primary server.
This returns nil if there is no primary server. See primary_server.
Changes permissions on the entries at the paths given in list (a single path or an array of paths) to the permissions given by mode; returns list if it is an array, [list] otherwise:
Modifies each entry that is a regular file using File.chmod.
Modifies each entry that is a symbolic link using File.lchmod.
Argument list or its elements should be interpretable as paths.
Argument mode may be either an integer or a string:
Integer mode: represents the permission bits to be set:
FileUtils.chmod(0755, 'src0.txt') FileUtils.chmod(0644, ['src0.txt', 'src0.dat'])
String mode: represents the permissions to be set:
The string is of the form [targets][[operator][perms[,perms]], where:
targets may be any combination of these letters:
'u': permissions apply to the file’s owner.
'g': permissions apply to users in the file’s group.
'o': permissions apply to other users not in the file’s group.
'a' (the default): permissions apply to all users.
operator may be one of these letters:
'+': adds permissions.
'-': removes permissions.
'=': sets (replaces) permissions.
perms (may be repeated, with separating commas) may be any combination of these letters:
'r': Read.
'w': Write.
'x': Execute (search, for a directory).
'X': Search (for a directories only; must be used with '+')
's': Uid or gid.
't': Sticky bit.
Examples:
FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', 'src1.txt') FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', '/usr/bin/ruby')
Keyword arguments:
noop: true - does not change permissions; returns nil.
verbose: true - prints an equivalent command:
FileUtils.chmod(0755, 'src0.txt', noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod(0644, ['src0.txt', 'src0.dat'], noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', 'src1.txt', noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', '/usr/bin/ruby', noop: true, verbose: true)
Output:
chmod 755 src0.txt chmod 644 src0.txt src0.dat chmod u=wrx,go=rx src1.txt chmod u=wrx,go=rx /usr/bin/ruby
Related: FileUtils.chmod_R.
Changes permissions on the entries at the paths given in list (a single path or an array of paths) to the permissions given by mode; returns list if it is an array, [list] otherwise:
Modifies each entry that is a regular file using File.chmod.
Modifies each entry that is a symbolic link using File.lchmod.
Argument list or its elements should be interpretable as paths.
Argument mode may be either an integer or a string:
Integer mode: represents the permission bits to be set:
FileUtils.chmod(0755, 'src0.txt') FileUtils.chmod(0644, ['src0.txt', 'src0.dat'])
String mode: represents the permissions to be set:
The string is of the form [targets][[operator][perms[,perms]], where:
targets may be any combination of these letters:
'u': permissions apply to the file’s owner.
'g': permissions apply to users in the file’s group.
'o': permissions apply to other users not in the file’s group.
'a' (the default): permissions apply to all users.
operator may be one of these letters:
'+': adds permissions.
'-': removes permissions.
'=': sets (replaces) permissions.
perms (may be repeated, with separating commas) may be any combination of these letters:
'r': Read.
'w': Write.
'x': Execute (search, for a directory).
'X': Search (for a directories only; must be used with '+')
's': Uid or gid.
't': Sticky bit.
Examples:
FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', 'src1.txt') FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', '/usr/bin/ruby')
Keyword arguments:
noop: true - does not change permissions; returns nil.
verbose: true - prints an equivalent command:
FileUtils.chmod(0755, 'src0.txt', noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod(0644, ['src0.txt', 'src0.dat'], noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', 'src1.txt', noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', '/usr/bin/ruby', noop: true, verbose: true)
Output:
chmod 755 src0.txt chmod 644 src0.txt src0.dat chmod u=wrx,go=rx src1.txt chmod u=wrx,go=rx /usr/bin/ruby
Related: FileUtils.chmod_R.
Like FileUtils.chmod, but changes permissions recursively.
Like FileUtils.chmod, but changes permissions recursively.
URI::regexp([match_schemes])
match_schemes
Array of schemes. If given, resulting regexp matches to URIs whose scheme is one of the match_schemes.
Returns a Regexp object which matches to URI-like strings. The Regexp object returned by this method includes arbitrary number of capture group (parentheses). Never rely on its number.
require 'uri' # extract first URI from html_string html_string.slice(URI.regexp) # remove ftp URIs html_string.sub(URI.regexp(['ftp']), '') # You should not rely on the number of parentheses html_string.scan(URI.regexp) do |*matches| p $& end
Open3.capture3 captures the standard output and the standard error of a command.
stdout_str, stderr_str, status = Open3.capture3([env,] cmd... [, opts])
The arguments env, cmd and opts are passed to Open3.popen3 except opts[:stdin_data] and opts[:binmode]. See Process.spawn.
If opts[:stdin_data] is specified, it is sent to the command’s standard input.
If opts[:binmode] is true, internal pipes are set to binary mode.
Examples:
# dot is a command of graphviz. graph = <<'End' digraph g { a -> b } End drawn_graph, dot_log = Open3.capture3("dot -v", :stdin_data=>graph) o, e, s = Open3.capture3("echo abc; sort >&2", :stdin_data=>"foo\nbar\nbaz\n") p o #=> "abc\n" p e #=> "bar\nbaz\nfoo\n" p s #=> #<Process::Status: pid 32682 exit 0> # generate a thumbnail image using the convert command of ImageMagick. # However, if the image is really stored in a file, # system("convert", "-thumbnail", "80", "png:#{filename}", "png:-") is better # because of reduced memory consumption. # But if the image is stored in a DB or generated by the gnuplot Open3.capture2 example, # Open3.capture3 should be considered. # image = File.read("/usr/share/openclipart/png/animals/mammals/sheep-md-v0.1.png", :binmode=>true) thumbnail, err, s = Open3.capture3("convert -thumbnail 80 png:- png:-", :stdin_data=>image, :binmode=>true) if s.success? STDOUT.binmode; print thumbnail end
Open3.capture3 captures the standard output and the standard error of a command.
stdout_str, stderr_str, status = Open3.capture3([env,] cmd... [, opts])
The arguments env, cmd and opts are passed to Open3.popen3 except opts[:stdin_data] and opts[:binmode]. See Process.spawn.
If opts[:stdin_data] is specified, it is sent to the command’s standard input.
If opts[:binmode] is true, internal pipes are set to binary mode.
Examples:
# dot is a command of graphviz. graph = <<'End' digraph g { a -> b } End drawn_graph, dot_log = Open3.capture3("dot -v", :stdin_data=>graph) o, e, s = Open3.capture3("echo abc; sort >&2", :stdin_data=>"foo\nbar\nbaz\n") p o #=> "abc\n" p e #=> "bar\nbaz\nfoo\n" p s #=> #<Process::Status: pid 32682 exit 0> # generate a thumbnail image using the convert command of ImageMagick. # However, if the image is really stored in a file, # system("convert", "-thumbnail", "80", "png:#{filename}", "png:-") is better # because of reduced memory consumption. # But if the image is stored in a DB or generated by the gnuplot Open3.capture2 example, # Open3.capture3 should be considered. # image = File.read("/usr/share/openclipart/png/animals/mammals/sheep-md-v0.1.png", :binmode=>true) thumbnail, err, s = Open3.capture3("convert -thumbnail 80 png:- png:-", :stdin_data=>image, :binmode=>true) if s.success? STDOUT.binmode; print thumbnail end
Open3.capture2 captures the standard output of a command.
stdout_str, status = Open3.capture2([env,] cmd... [, opts])
The arguments env, cmd and opts are passed to Open3.popen3 except opts[:stdin_data] and opts[:binmode]. See Process.spawn.
If opts[:stdin_data] is specified, it is sent to the command’s standard input.
If opts[:binmode] is true, internal pipes are set to binary mode.
Example:
# factor is a command for integer factorization. o, s = Open3.capture2("factor", :stdin_data=>"42") p o #=> "42: 2 3 7\n" # generate x**2 graph in png using gnuplot. gnuplot_commands = <<"End" set terminal png plot x**2, "-" with lines 1 14 2 1 3 8 4 5 e End image, s = Open3.capture2("gnuplot", :stdin_data=>gnuplot_commands, :binmode=>true)
Open3.capture2 captures the standard output of a command.
stdout_str, status = Open3.capture2([env,] cmd... [, opts])
The arguments env, cmd and opts are passed to Open3.popen3 except opts[:stdin_data] and opts[:binmode]. See Process.spawn.
If opts[:stdin_data] is specified, it is sent to the command’s standard input.
If opts[:binmode] is true, internal pipes are set to binary mode.
Example:
# factor is a command for integer factorization. o, s = Open3.capture2("factor", :stdin_data=>"42") p o #=> "42: 2 3 7\n" # generate x**2 graph in png using gnuplot. gnuplot_commands = <<"End" set terminal png plot x**2, "-" with lines 1 14 2 1 3 8 4 5 e End image, s = Open3.capture2("gnuplot", :stdin_data=>gnuplot_commands, :binmode=>true)
Open3.capture2e captures the standard output and the standard error of a command.
stdout_and_stderr_str, status = Open3.capture2e([env,] cmd... [, opts])
The arguments env, cmd and opts are passed to Open3.popen3 except opts[:stdin_data] and opts[:binmode]. See Process.spawn.
If opts[:stdin_data] is specified, it is sent to the command’s standard input.
If opts[:binmode] is true, internal pipes are set to binary mode.
Example:
# capture make log make_log, s = Open3.capture2e("make")
Open3.capture2e captures the standard output and the standard error of a command.
stdout_and_stderr_str, status = Open3.capture2e([env,] cmd... [, opts])
The arguments env, cmd and opts are passed to Open3.popen3 except opts[:stdin_data] and opts[:binmode]. See Process.spawn.
If opts[:stdin_data] is specified, it is sent to the command’s standard input.
If opts[:binmode] is true, internal pipes are set to binary mode.
Example:
# capture make log make_log, s = Open3.capture2e("make")
The directory prefix this RubyGems was installed at. If your prefix is in a standard location (ie, rubygems is installed where you’d expect it to be), then prefix returns nil.
Returns a 2-element array containing the normalized signed float fraction and integer exponent of x such that:
x = fraction * 2**exponent
See IEEE 754 double-precision binary floating-point format: binary64.
Domain: [-INFINITY, INFINITY].
Range [-INFINITY, INFINITY].
Examples:
frexp(-INFINITY) # => [-Infinity, -1] frexp(-2.0) # => [-0.5, 2] frexp(-1.0) # => [-0.5, 1] frexp(0.0) # => [0.0, 0] frexp(1.0) # => [0.5, 1] frexp(2.0) # => [0.5, 2] frexp(INFINITY) # => [Infinity, -1]
Related: Math.ldexp (inverse of Math.frexp).