Returns the path to the trusted certificate
@return [Symbol] The name of the action.
Adds the given action to the log, running the action @param [DependencyGraph] graph @param [Action] action @return The value returned by ‘action.up`
Ends the resolution process @return [void]
Adds to array all elements from each Array in other_arrays; returns self:
a = [0, 1] a.concat([2, 3], [4, 5]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Inserts given objects before or after the element at Integer index offset; returns self.
When index is non-negative, inserts all given objects before the element at offset index:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a.insert(1, :bat, :bam) # => [:foo, :bat, :bam, "bar", 2]
Extends the array if index is beyond the array (index >= self.size):
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a.insert(5, :bat, :bam) a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, :bat, :bam]
Does nothing if no objects given:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a.insert(1) a.insert(50) a.insert(-50) a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
When index is negative, inserts all given objects after the element at offset index+self.size:
a = [:foo, 'bar', 2] a.insert(-2, :bat, :bam) a # => [:foo, "bar", :bat, :bam, 2]
Returns a new Array whose elements are those from self, sorted.
With no block, compares elements using operator <=> (see Comparable):
a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"] a1 = a.sort a1 # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
With a block, calls the block with each element pair; for each element pair a and b, the block should return an integer:
Negative when b is to follow a.
Zero when a and b are equivalent.
Positive when a is to follow b.
Example:
a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"] a1 = a.sort {|a, b| a <=> b } a1 # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] a2 = a.sort {|a, b| b <=> a } a2 # => ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
When the block returns zero, the order for a and b is indeterminate, and may be unstable:
a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"] a1 = a.sort {|a, b| 0 } a1 # => ["c", "e", "b", "d", "a"]
Related: Enumerable#sort_by.
Returns self with its elements sorted in place.
With no block, compares elements using operator <=> (see Comparable):
a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"] a.sort! a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
With a block, calls the block with each element pair; for each element pair a and b, the block should return an integer:
Negative when b is to follow a.
Zero when a and b are equivalent.
Positive when a is to follow b.
Example:
a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"] a.sort! {|a, b| a <=> b } a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] a.sort! {|a, b| b <=> a } a # => ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
When the block returns zero, the order for a and b is indeterminate, and may be unstable:
a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"] a.sort! {|a, b| 0 } a # => ["d", "e", "c", "a", "b"]
Returns a new Array containing all non-nil elements from self:
a = [nil, 0, nil, 1, nil, 2, nil] a.compact # => [0, 1, 2]
Removes all nil elements from self.
Returns self if any elements removed, otherwise nil.
Returns true if no element of self meet a given criterion.
With no block given and no argument, returns true if self has no truthy elements, false otherwise:
[nil, false].none? # => true [nil, 0, false].none? # => false [].none? # => true
With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in self; returns true if the block returns no truthy value, false otherwise:
[0, 1, 2].none? {|element| element > 3 } # => true [0, 1, 2].none? {|element| element > 1 } # => false
If argument obj is given, returns true if obj.=== no element, false otherwise:
['food', 'drink'].none?(/bar/) # => true ['food', 'drink'].none?(/foo/) # => false [].none?(/foo/) # => true [0, 1, 2].none?(3) # => true [0, 1, 2].none?(1) # => false
Related: Enumerable#none?
Returns true if exactly one element of self meets a given criterion.
With no block given and no argument, returns true if self has exactly one truthy element, false otherwise:
[nil, 0].one? # => true [0, 0].one? # => false [nil, nil].one? # => false [].one? # => false
With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in self; returns true if the block a truthy value for exactly one element, false otherwise:
[0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 0 } # => false [0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 1 } # => true [0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 2 } # => false
If argument obj is given, returns true if obj.=== exactly one element, false otherwise:
[0, 1, 2].one?(0) # => true [0, 0, 1].one?(0) # => false [1, 1, 2].one?(0) # => false ['food', 'drink'].one?(/bar/) # => false ['food', 'drink'].one?(/foo/) # => true [].one?(/foo/) # => false
Related: Enumerable#one?
Packs the contents of arr into a binary sequence according to the directives in aTemplateString (see the table below) Directives “A,” “a,” and “Z” may be followed by a count, which gives the width of the resulting field. The remaining directives also may take a count, indicating the number of array elements to convert. If the count is an asterisk (“*”), all remaining array elements will be converted. Any of the directives “sSiIlL” may be followed by an underscore (“_”) or exclamation mark (“!”) to use the underlying platform’s native size for the specified type; otherwise, they use a platform-independent size. Spaces are ignored in the template string. See also String#unpack.
a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] n = [ 65, 66, 67 ] a.pack("A3A3A3") #=> "a b c " a.pack("a3a3a3") #=> "a\000\000b\000\000c\000\000" n.pack("ccc") #=> "ABC"
If aBufferString is specified and its capacity is enough, pack uses it as the buffer and returns it. When the offset is specified by the beginning of aTemplateString, the result is filled after the offset. If original contents of aBufferString exists and it’s longer than the offset, the rest of offsetOfBuffer are overwritten by the result. If it’s shorter, the gap is filled with “\0”.
# packed data is appended by default [255].pack("C", buffer:"foo".b) #=> "foo\xFF" # "@0" (offset 0) specifies that packed data is filled from beginning. # Also, original data after packed data is removed. ("oo" is removed.) [255].pack("@0C", buffer:"foo".b) #=> "\xFF" # If the offset is bigger than the original length, \x00 is filled. [255].pack("@5C", buffer:"foo".b) #=> "foo\x00\x00\xFF"
Note that “buffer:” option does not guarantee not to allocate memory in pack. If the capacity of aBufferString is not enough, pack allocates memory.
Directives for pack.
Integer | Array |
Directive | Element | Meaning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
C | Integer | 8-bit unsigned (unsigned char)
S | Integer | 16-bit unsigned, native endian (uint16_t)
L | Integer | 32-bit unsigned, native endian (uint32_t)
Q | Integer | 64-bit unsigned, native endian (uint64_t)
J | Integer | pointer width unsigned, native endian (uintptr_t)
| | (J is available since Ruby 2.3.)
| |
c | Integer | 8-bit signed (signed char)
s | Integer | 16-bit signed, native endian (int16_t)
l | Integer | 32-bit signed, native endian (int32_t)
q | Integer | 64-bit signed, native endian (int64_t)
j | Integer | pointer width signed, native endian (intptr_t)
| | (j is available since Ruby 2.3.)
| |
S_ S! | Integer | unsigned short, native endian
I I_ I! | Integer | unsigned int, native endian
L_ L! | Integer | unsigned long, native endian
Q_ Q! | Integer | unsigned long long, native endian (ArgumentError
| | if the platform has no long long type.)
| | (Q_ and Q! is available since Ruby 2.1.)
J! | Integer | uintptr_t, native endian (same with J)
| | (J! is available since Ruby 2.3.)
| |
s_ s! | Integer | signed short, native endian
i i_ i! | Integer | signed int, native endian
l_ l! | Integer | signed long, native endian
q_ q! | Integer | signed long long, native endian (ArgumentError
| | if the platform has no long long type.)
| | (q_ and q! is available since Ruby 2.1.)
j! | Integer | intptr_t, native endian (same with j)
| | (j! is available since Ruby 2.3.)
| |
S> s> S!> s!> | Integer | same as the directives without ">" except
L> l> L!> l!> | | big endian
I!> i!> | | (available since Ruby 1.9.3)
Q> q> Q!> q!> | | "S>" is the same as "n"
J> j> J!> j!> | | "L>" is the same as "N"
| |
S< s< S!< s!< | Integer | same as the directives without "<" except
L< l< L!< l!< | | little endian
I!< i!< | | (available since Ruby 1.9.3)
Q< q< Q!< q!< | | "S<" is the same as "v"
J< j< J!< j!< | | "L<" is the same as "V"
| |
n | Integer | 16-bit unsigned, network (big-endian) byte order
N | Integer | 32-bit unsigned, network (big-endian) byte order
v | Integer | 16-bit unsigned, VAX (little-endian) byte order
V | Integer | 32-bit unsigned, VAX (little-endian) byte order
| |
U | Integer | UTF-8 character
w | Integer | BER-compressed integer
Float | Array |
Directive | Element | Meaning
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
D d | Float | double-precision, native format
F f | Float | single-precision, native format
E | Float | double-precision, little-endian byte order
e | Float | single-precision, little-endian byte order
G | Float | double-precision, network (big-endian) byte order
g | Float | single-precision, network (big-endian) byte order
String | Array |
Directive | Element | Meaning
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A | String | arbitrary binary string (space padded, count is width)
a | String | arbitrary binary string (null padded, count is width)
Z | String | same as ``a'', except that null is added with *
B | String | bit string (MSB first)
b | String | bit string (LSB first)
H | String | hex string (high nibble first)
h | String | hex string (low nibble first)
u | String | UU-encoded string
M | String | quoted printable, MIME encoding (see also RFC2045)
| | (text mode but input must use LF and output LF)
m | String | base64 encoded string (see RFC 2045)
| | (if count is 0, no line feed are added, see RFC 4648)
| | (count specifies input bytes between each LF,
| | rounded down to nearest multiple of 3)
P | String | pointer to a structure (fixed-length string)
p | String | pointer to a null-terminated string
Misc. | Array |
Directive | Element | Meaning
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ | --- | moves to absolute position
X | --- | back up a byte
x | --- | null byte
Returns the receiver.
string = "my string" string.itself.object_id == string.object_id #=> true
Returns the integer square root of the non-negative integer n, which is the largest non-negative integer less than or equal to the square root of numeric.
Integer.sqrt(0) # => 0 Integer.sqrt(1) # => 1 Integer.sqrt(24) # => 4 Integer.sqrt(25) # => 5 Integer.sqrt(10**400) # => 10**200
If numeric is not an Integer, it is converted to an Integer:
Integer.sqrt(Complex(4, 0)) # => 2 Integer.sqrt(Rational(4, 1)) # => 2 Integer.sqrt(4.0) # => 2 Integer.sqrt(3.14159) # => 1
This method is equivalent to Math.sqrt(numeric).floor, except that the result of the latter code may differ from the true value due to the limited precision of floating point arithmetic.
Integer.sqrt(10**46) # => 100000000000000000000000 Math.sqrt(10**46).floor # => 99999999999999991611392
Raises an exception if numeric is negative.
Returns true if all bits that are set (=1) in mask are also set in self; returns false otherwise.
Example values:
0b1010101 self
0b1010100 mask
0b1010100 self & mask
true self.allbits?(mask)
0b1010100 self
0b1010101 mask
0b1010100 self & mask
false self.allbits?(mask)
Related: Integer#anybits?, Integer#nobits?.