Results for: "Pathname"

Returns the state of the coverage measurement.

Provides a convenient Ruby iterator which executes a block for each entry in the /etc/passwd file.

The code block is passed an Passwd struct.

See ::getpwent above for details.

Example:

require 'etc'

Etc.passwd {|u|
  puts u.name + " = " + u.gecos
}

Returns the Ruby objects created by parsing the given source.

Argument source contains the String to be parsed.

Argument opts, if given, contains a Hash of options for the parsing. See Parsing Options.

When source is a JSON array, returns a Ruby Array:

source = '["foo", 1.0, true, false, null]'
ruby = JSON.parse(source)
ruby # => ["foo", 1.0, true, false, nil]
ruby.class # => Array

When source is a JSON object, returns a Ruby Hash:

source = '{"a": "foo", "b": 1.0, "c": true, "d": false, "e": null}'
ruby = JSON.parse(source)
ruby # => {"a"=>"foo", "b"=>1.0, "c"=>true, "d"=>false, "e"=>nil}
ruby.class # => Hash

For examples of parsing for all JSON data types, see Parsing JSON.

Parses nested JSON objects:

source = <<-EOT
{
"name": "Dave",
  "age" :40,
  "hats": [
    "Cattleman's",
    "Panama",
    "Tophat"
  ]
}
EOT
ruby = JSON.parse(source)
ruby # => {"name"=>"Dave", "age"=>40, "hats"=>["Cattleman's", "Panama", "Tophat"]}

Raises an exception if source is not valid JSON:

# Raises JSON::ParserError (783: unexpected token at ''):
JSON.parse('')

Calls

parse(source, opts)

with source and possibly modified opts.

Differences from JSON.parse:

• Option max_nesting, if not provided, defaults to false, which disables checking for nesting depth.

• Option allow_nan, if not provided, defaults to true.

Returns a String containing the generated JSON data.

See also JSON.fast_generate, JSON.pretty_generate.

Argument obj is the Ruby object to be converted to JSON.

Argument opts, if given, contains a Hash of options for the generation. See Generating Options.

When obj is an Array, returns a String containing a JSON array:

obj = ["foo", 1.0, true, false, nil]
json = JSON.generate(obj)
json # => '["foo",1.0,true,false,null]'

When obj is a Hash, returns a String containing a JSON object:

obj = {foo: 0, bar: 's', baz: :bat}
json = JSON.generate(obj)
json # => '{"foo":0,"bar":"s","baz":"bat"}'

For examples of generating from other Ruby objects, see Generating JSON from Other Objects.

Raises an exception if any formatting option is not a String.

Raises an exception if obj contains circular references:

a = []; b = []; a.push(b); b.push(a)
# Raises JSON::NestingError (nesting of 100 is too deep):
JSON.generate(a)

Parse a YAML string in yaml. Returns the Psych::Nodes::Document. filename is used in the exception message if a Psych::SyntaxError is raised.

Raises a Psych::SyntaxError when a YAML syntax error is detected.

Example:

Psych.parse("---\n - a\n - b") # => #<Psych::Nodes::Document:0x00>

begin
  Psych.parse("--- `", filename: "file.txt")
rescue Psych::SyntaxError => ex
  ex.file    # => 'file.txt'
  ex.message # => "(file.txt): found character that cannot start any token"
end

See Psych::Nodes for more information about YAML AST.

Returns a default parser

Spawns the specified command on a newly allocated pty. You can also use the alias ::getpty.

The command’s controlling tty is set to the slave device of the pty and its standard input/output/error is redirected to the slave device.

command and command_line are the full commands to run, given a String. Any additional arguments will be passed to the command.

Return values

In the non-block form this returns an array of size three, [r, w, pid].

In the block form these same values will be yielded to the block:

r

A readable IO that contains the command’s standard output and standard error

w

A writable IO that is the command’s standard input

pid

The process identifier for the command.

Compresses the given string. Valid values of level are Zlib::NO_COMPRESSION, Zlib::BEST_SPEED, Zlib::BEST_COMPRESSION, Zlib::DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, or an integer from 0 to 9.

This method is almost equivalent to the following code:

def deflate(string, level)
  z = Zlib::Deflate.new(level)
  dst = z.deflate(string, Zlib::FINISH)
  z.close
  dst
end

See also Zlib.inflate

Decompresses string. Raises a Zlib::NeedDict exception if a preset dictionary is needed for decompression.

This method is almost equivalent to the following code:

def inflate(string)
  zstream = Zlib::Inflate.new
  buf = zstream.inflate(string)
  zstream.finish
  zstream.close
  buf
end

See also Zlib.deflate

Enables garbage collection, returning true if garbage collection was previously disabled.

GC.disable   #=> false
GC.enable    #=> true
GC.enable    #=> false

Returns a Hash containing information about the GC.

The contents of the hash are implementation specific and may change in the future without notice.

The hash includes information about internal statistics about GC such as:

count

The total number of garbage collections ran since application start (count includes both minor and major garbage collections)

heap_allocated_pages

The total number of ‘:heap_eden_pages` + `:heap_tomb_pages`

heap_sorted_length

The number of pages that can fit into the buffer that holds references to all pages

heap_allocatable_pages

The total number of pages the application could allocate without additional GC

heap_available_slots

The total number of slots in all ‘:heap_allocated_pages`

heap_live_slots

The total number of slots which contain live objects

heap_free_slots

The total number of slots which do not contain live objects

heap_final_slots

The total number of slots with pending finalizers to be run

heap_marked_slots

The total number of objects marked in the last GC

heap_eden_pages

The total number of pages which contain at least one live slot

heap_tomb_pages

The total number of pages which do not contain any live slots

total_allocated_pages

The cumulative number of pages allocated since application start

total_freed_pages

The cumulative number of pages freed since application start

total_allocated_objects

The cumulative number of objects allocated since application start

total_freed_objects

The cumulative number of objects freed since application start

malloc_increase_bytes

Amount of memory allocated on the heap for objects. Decreased by any GC

malloc_increase_bytes_limit

When ‘:malloc_increase_bytes` crosses this limit, GC is triggered

minor_gc_count

The total number of minor garbage collections run since process start

major_gc_count

The total number of major garbage collections run since process start

remembered_wb_unprotected_objects

The total number of objects without write barriers

remembered_wb_unprotected_objects_limit

When ‘:remembered_wb_unprotected_objects` crosses this limit, major GC is triggered

old_objects

Number of live, old objects which have survived at least 3 garbage collections

old_objects_limit

When ‘:old_objects` crosses this limit, major GC is triggered

oldmalloc_increase_bytes

Amount of memory allocated on the heap for objects. Decreased by major GC

oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit

When ‘:old_malloc_increase_bytes` crosses this limit, major GC is triggered

If the optional argument, hash, is given, it is overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid probe effect.

This method is only expected to work on CRuby.

This function compacts objects together in Ruby’s heap. It eliminates unused space (or fragmentation) in the heap by moving objects in to that unused space. This function returns a hash which contains statistics about which objects were moved. See ‘GC.latest_gc_info` for details about compaction statistics.

This method is implementation specific and not expected to be implemented in any implementation besides MRI.

Returns the time used to execute the given block as a Benchmark::Tms object. Takes label option.

require 'benchmark'

n = 1000000

time = Benchmark.measure do
  n.times { a = "1" }
end
puts time

Generates:

0.220000   0.000000   0.220000 (  0.227313)

Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.

Returns the time used to execute the given block as a Benchmark::Tms object. Takes label option.

require 'benchmark'

n = 1000000

time = Benchmark.measure do
  n.times { a = "1" }
end
puts time

Generates:

0.220000   0.000000   0.220000 (  0.227313)

Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.

Returns the currently set formatter. By default, it is set to DidYouMean::Formatter.

Updates the primary formatter used to format the suggestions.

Get the thread of the primary server.

This returns nil if there is no primary server. See primary_server.

Get the thread of the primary server.

This returns nil if there is no primary server. See primary_server.

Returns true if new is newer than all old_list. Non-existent files are older than any file.

FileUtils.uptodate?('hello.o', %w(hello.c hello.h)) or \
    system 'make hello.o'

Returns true if new is newer than all old_list. Non-existent files are older than any file.

FileUtils.uptodate?('hello.o', %w(hello.c hello.h)) or \
    system 'make hello.o'