Net::IMAP::BodyTypeMultipart represents multipart body structures of messages.
Returns the content media type name as defined in [MIME-IMB].
Returns the content subtype name as defined in [MIME-IMB].
Returns multiple parts.
Returns a hash that represents parameters as defined in [MIME-IMB].
Returns a Net::IMAP::ContentDisposition object giving the content disposition.
Returns a string or an array of strings giving the body language value as defined in [LANGUAGE-TAGS].
Returns extension data.
Returns true.
Switch that can omit argument.
A GitSpecification represents a gem that is sourced from a git repository and is being loaded through a gem dependencies file through the git: option.
Class that parses String’s into URI’s.
It contains a Hash set of patterns and Regexp’s that match and validate.
Configuration options for dumping YAML.
See Net::HTTPGenericRequest for attributes and methods.
Represents a specification retrieved via the rubygems.org API.
This is used to avoid loading the full Specification object when all we need is the name, version, and dependencies.
Represents a possible Specification object returned from IndexSet. Used to delay needed to download full Specification objects when only the name and version are needed.
An InstalledSpecification represents a gem that is already installed locally.
A LocalSpecification comes from a .gem file on the local filesystem.
The LockSpecification comes from a lockfile (Gem::RequestSet::Lockfile).
A LockSpecification’s dependency information is pre-filled from the lockfile.
The Resolver::SpecSpecification contains common functionality for Resolver specifications that are backed by a Gem::Specification.
A Resolver::Specification contains a subset of the information contained in a Gem::Specification. Only the information necessary for dependency resolution in the resolver is included.
A VendorSpecification represents a gem that has been unpacked into a project and is being loaded through a gem dependencies file through the path: option.
Gem::Security default exception type
An object representation of a stack frame, initialized by Kernel#caller_locations.
For example:
# caller_locations.rb def a(skip) caller_locations(skip) end def b(skip) a(skip) end def c(skip) b(skip) end c(0..2).map do |call| puts call.to_s end
Running ruby caller_locations.rb will produce:
caller_locations.rb:2:in `a' caller_locations.rb:5:in `b' caller_locations.rb:8:in `c'
Here’s another example with a slightly different result:
# foo.rb class Foo attr_accessor :locations def initialize(skip) @locations = caller_locations(skip) end end Foo.new(0..2).locations.map do |call| puts call.to_s end
Now run ruby foo.rb and you should see:
init.rb:4:in `initialize' init.rb:8:in `new' init.rb:8:in `<main>'
WIN32OLE_VARIABLE objects represent OLE variable information.
WIN32OLE_VARIANT objects represents OLE variant.
Win32OLE converts Ruby object into OLE variant automatically when invoking OLE methods. If OLE method requires the argument which is different from the variant by automatic conversion of Win32OLE, you can convert the specfied variant type by using WIN32OLE_VARIANT class.
param = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new(10, WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_R4) oleobj.method(param)
WIN32OLE_VARIANT does not support VT_RECORD variant. Use WIN32OLE_RECORD class instead of WIN32OLE_VARIANT if the VT_RECORD variant is needed.
Implementation of an X.509 certificate as specified in RFC 5280. Provides access to a certificate’s attributes and allows certificates to be read from a string, but also supports the creation of new certificates from scratch.
Certificate is capable of handling DER-encoded certificates and certificates encoded in OpenSSL’s PEM format.
raw = File.read "cert.cer" # DER- or PEM-encoded certificate = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new raw
A certificate may be encoded in DER format
cert = ... File.open("cert.cer", "wb") { |f| f.print cert.to_der }
or in PEM format
cert = ... File.open("cert.pem", "wb") { |f| f.print cert.to_pem }
X.509 certificates are associated with a private/public key pair, typically a RSA, DSA or ECC key (see also OpenSSL::PKey::RSA, OpenSSL::PKey::DSA and OpenSSL::PKey::EC), the public key itself is stored within the certificate and can be accessed in form of an OpenSSL::PKey. Certificates are typically used to be able to associate some form of identity with a key pair, for example web servers serving pages over HTTPs use certificates to authenticate themselves to the user.
The public key infrastructure (PKI) model relies on trusted certificate authorities (“root CAs”) that issue these certificates, so that end users need to base their trust just on a selected few authorities that themselves again vouch for subordinate CAs issuing their certificates to end users.
The OpenSSL::X509 module provides the tools to set up an independent PKI, similar to scenarios where the ‘openssl’ command line tool is used for issuing certificates in a private PKI.
First, we need to create a “self-signed” root certificate. To do so, we need to generate a key first. Please note that the choice of “1” as a serial number is considered a security flaw for real certificates. Secure choices are integers in the two-digit byte range and ideally not sequential but secure random numbers, steps omitted here to keep the example concise.
root_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new 2048 # the CA's public/private key root_ca = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new root_ca.version = 2 # cf. RFC 5280 - to make it a "v3" certificate root_ca.serial = 1 root_ca.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/DC=org/DC=ruby-lang/CN=Ruby CA" root_ca.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA's are "self-signed" root_ca.public_key = root_key.public_key root_ca.not_before = Time.now root_ca.not_after = root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity ef = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new ef.subject_certificate = root_ca ef.issuer_certificate = root_ca root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("basicConstraints","CA:TRUE",true)) root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("keyUsage","keyCertSign, cRLSign", true)) root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("subjectKeyIdentifier","hash",false)) root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("authorityKeyIdentifier","keyid:always",false)) root_ca.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest.new('SHA256'))
The next step is to create the end-entity certificate using the root CA certificate.
key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new 2048 cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new cert.version = 2 cert.serial = 2 cert.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/DC=org/DC=ruby-lang/CN=Ruby certificate" cert.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA is the issuer cert.public_key = key.public_key cert.not_before = Time.now cert.not_after = cert.not_before + 1 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 1 years validity ef = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new ef.subject_certificate = cert ef.issuer_certificate = root_ca cert.add_extension(ef.create_extension("keyUsage","digitalSignature", true)) cert.add_extension(ef.create_extension("subjectKeyIdentifier","hash",false)) cert.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest.new('SHA256'))
The parent class for all primitive encodings. Attributes are the same as for ASN1Data, with the addition of tagging. Primitive values can never be encoded with indefinite length form, thus it is not possible to set the indefinite_length attribute for Primitive and its sub-classes.
Primitive sub-classes and their mapping to Ruby classes OpenSSL::ASN1::EndOfContent <=> value is always nil
OpenSSL::ASN1::Boolean <=> value is true or false
OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer <=> value is an OpenSSL::BN
OpenSSL::ASN1::BitString <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::OctetString <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::Null <=> value is always nil
OpenSSL::ASN1::Object <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::Enumerated <=> value is an OpenSSL::BN
OpenSSL::ASN1::UTF8String <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::NumericString <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::PrintableString <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::T61String <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::VideotexString <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::IA5String <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::UTCTime <=> value is a Time
OpenSSL::ASN1::GeneralizedTime <=> value is a Time
OpenSSL::ASN1::GraphicString <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::ISO64String <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::GeneralString <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::UniversalString <=> value is a String
OpenSSL::ASN1::BMPString <=> value is a String
unused_bits: if the underlying BIT STRING’s length is a multiple of 8 then unused_bits is 0. Otherwise unused_bits indicates the number of bits that are to be ignored in the final octet of the BitString’s value.
OpenSSL::ASN1::ObjectId NOTE: While OpenSSL::ASN1::ObjectId.new will allocate a new ObjectId, it is not typically allocated this way, but rather that are received from parsed ASN1 encodings.
sn: the short name as defined in <openssl/objects.h>.
ln: the long name as defined in <openssl/objects.h>.
oid: the object identifier as a String, e.g. “1.2.3.4.5”
short_name: alias for sn.
long_name: alias for ln.
With the Exception of OpenSSL::ASN1::EndOfContent, each Primitive class constructor takes at least one parameter, the value.
eoc = OpenSSL::ASN1::EndOfContent.new
Primitive prim = <class>.new(value) # <class> being one of the sub-classes except EndOfContent prim_zero_tagged_implicit = <class>.new(value, 0, :IMPLICIT) prim_zero_tagged_explicit = <class>.new(value, 0, :EXPLICIT)