Results for: "String#[]"

Returns the result of interpreting leading characters in str as an integer base base (between 2 and 36). Extraneous characters past the end of a valid number are ignored. If there is not a valid number at the start of str, 0 is returned. This method never raises an exception when base is valid.

"12345".to_i             #=> 12345
"99 red balloons".to_i   #=> 99
"0a".to_i                #=> 0
"0a".to_i(16)            #=> 10
"hello".to_i             #=> 0
"1100101".to_i(2)        #=> 101
"1100101".to_i(8)        #=> 294977
"1100101".to_i(10)       #=> 1100101
"1100101".to_i(16)       #=> 17826049

Returns the result of interpreting leading characters in str as a floating point number. Extraneous characters past the end of a valid number are ignored. If there is not a valid number at the start of str, 0.0 is returned. This method never raises an exception.

"123.45e1".to_f        #=> 1234.5
"45.67 degrees".to_f   #=> 45.67
"thx1138".to_f         #=> 0.0

Returns self.

If called on a subclass of String, converts the receiver to a String object.

Returns the Symbol corresponding to str, creating the symbol if it did not previously exist. See Symbol#id2name.

"Koala".intern         #=> :Koala
s = 'cat'.to_sym       #=> :cat
s == :cat              #=> true
s = '@cat'.to_sym      #=> :@cat
s == :@cat             #=> true

This can also be used to create symbols that cannot be represented using the :xxx notation.

'cat and dog'.to_sym   #=> :"cat and dog"

Returns true if str ends with one of the suffixes given.

"hello".end_with?("ello")               #=> true

# returns true if one of the +suffixes+ matches.
"hello".end_with?("heaven", "ello")     #=> true
"hello".end_with?("heaven", "paradise") #=> false

Returns a copy of str with leading prefix deleted.

"hello".delete_prefix("hel") #=> "lo"
"hello".delete_prefix("llo") #=> "hello"

Returns a copy of str with trailing suffix deleted.

"hello".delete_suffix("llo") #=> "he"
"hello".delete_suffix("hel") #=> "hello"

Deletes leading prefix from str, returning nil if no change was made.

"hello".delete_prefix!("hel") #=> "lo"
"hello".delete_prefix!("llo") #=> nil

Deletes trailing suffix from str, returning nil if no change was made.

"hello".delete_suffix!("llo") #=> "he"
"hello".delete_suffix!("hel") #=> nil

Passes each byte in str to the given block, or returns an enumerator if no block is given.

"hello".each_byte {|c| print c, ' ' }

produces:

104 101 108 108 111

Passes each character in str to the given block, or returns an enumerator if no block is given.

"hello".each_char {|c| print c, ' ' }

produces:

h e l l o

Returns true for a string which has only ASCII characters.

"abc".force_encoding("UTF-8").ascii_only?          #=> true
"abc\u{6666}".force_encoding("UTF-8").ascii_only?  #=> false

Unicode Normalization—Returns a normalized form of str, using Unicode normalizations NFC, NFD, NFKC, or NFKD. The normalization form used is determined by form, which can be any of the four values :nfc, :nfd, :nfkc, or :nfkd. The default is :nfc.

If the string is not in a Unicode Encoding, then an Exception is raised. In this context, ‘Unicode Encoding’ means any of UTF-8, UTF-16BE/LE, and UTF-32BE/LE, as well as GB18030, UCS_2BE, and UCS_4BE. Anything other than UTF-8 is implemented by converting to UTF-8, which makes it slower than UTF-8.

"a\u0300".unicode_normalize        #=> "\u00E0"
"a\u0300".unicode_normalize(:nfc)  #=> "\u00E0"
"\u00E0".unicode_normalize(:nfd)   #=> "a\u0300"
"\xE0".force_encoding('ISO-8859-1').unicode_normalize(:nfd)
                                   #=> Encoding::CompatibilityError raised

Destructive version of String#unicode_normalize, doing Unicode normalization in place.

Checks whether str is in Unicode normalization form form, which can be any of the four values :nfc, :nfd, :nfkc, or :nfkd. The default is :nfc.

If the string is not in a Unicode Encoding, then an Exception is raised. For details, see String#unicode_normalize.

"a\u0300".unicode_normalized?        #=> false
"a\u0300".unicode_normalized?(:nfd)  #=> true
"\u00E0".unicode_normalized?         #=> true
"\u00E0".unicode_normalized?(:nfd)   #=> false
"\xE0".force_encoding('ISO-8859-1').unicode_normalized?
                                     #=> Encoding::CompatibilityError raised

Sanitize a single string.

Passes each grapheme cluster in str to the given block, or returns an enumerator if no block is given. Unlike String#each_char, this enumerates by grapheme clusters defined by Unicode Standard Annex #29 unicode.org/reports/tr29/

"a\u0300".each_char.to_a.size #=> 2
"a\u0300".each_grapheme_cluster.to_a.size #=> 1

A convenience method to access the values like a Hash

If the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is set, returns it’s value. Otherwise, returns the time that ‘Gem.source_date_epoch_string` was first called in the same format as SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.

NOTE(@duckinator): The implementation is a tad weird because we want to:

1. Make builds reproducible by default, by having this function always
   return the same result during a given run.
2. Allow changing ENV['SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH'] at runtime, since multiple
   tests that set this variable will be run in a single process.

If you simplify this function and a lot of tests fail, that is likely due to #2 above.

Details on SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH: reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/