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Returns the Ruby source filename and line number containing this method or nil if this method was not defined in Ruby (i.e. native).

Returns the Ruby source filename and line number containing this method or nil if this method was not defined in Ruby (i.e. native).

Returns an array of the names of the thread-local variables (as Symbols).

thr = Thread.new do
  Thread.current.thread_variable_set(:cat, 'meow')
  Thread.current.thread_variable_set("dog", 'woof')
end
thr.join               #=> #<Thread:0x401b3f10 dead>
thr.thread_variables   #=> [:dog, :cat]

Note that these are not fiber local variables. Please see Thread#[] and Thread#thread_variable_get for more details.

Returns true if the given string (or symbol) exists as a thread-local variable.

me = Thread.current
me.thread_variable_set(:oliver, "a")
me.thread_variable?(:oliver)    #=> true
me.thread_variable?(:stanley)   #=> false

Note that these are not fiber local variables. Please see Thread#[] and Thread#thread_variable_get for more details.

Returns the execution stack for the target thread—an array containing backtrace location objects.

See Thread::Backtrace::Location for more information.

This method behaves similarly to Kernel#caller_locations except it applies to a specific thread.

Converts block to a Proc object (and therefore binds it at the point of call) and registers it for execution when the program exits. If multiple handlers are registered, they are executed in reverse order of registration.

def do_at_exit(str1)
  at_exit { print str1 }
end
at_exit { puts "cruel world" }
do_at_exit("goodbye ")
exit

produces:

goodbye cruel world

Ruby tries to load the library named string relative to the requiring file’s path. If the file’s path cannot be determined a LoadError is raised. If a file is loaded true is returned and false otherwise.

Returns the current execution stack—an array containing backtrace location objects.

See Thread::Backtrace::Location for more information.

The optional start parameter determines the number of initial stack entries to omit from the top of the stack.

A second optional length parameter can be used to limit how many entries are returned from the stack.

Returns nil if start is greater than the size of current execution stack.

Optionally you can pass a range, which will return an array containing the entries within the specified range.

Returns a new array with the concatenated results of running block once for every element in enum.

If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.

[1, 2, 3, 4].flat_map { |e| [e, -e] } #=> [1, -1, 2, -2, 3, -3, 4, -4]
[[1, 2], [3, 4]].flat_map { |e| e + [100] } #=> [1, 2, 100, 3, 4, 100]

Returns a new array with the concatenated results of running block once for every element in enum.

If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.

[1, 2, 3, 4].flat_map { |e| [e, -e] } #=> [1, -1, 2, -2, 3, -3, 4, -4]
[[1, 2], [3, 4]].flat_map { |e| e + [100] } #=> [1, 2, 100, 3, 4, 100]

Sets create identifier, which is used to decide if the json_create hook of a class should be called; initial value is json_class:

JSON.create_id # => 'json_class'

Returns the current create identifier. See also JSON.create_id=.

Arguments obj and opts here are the same as arguments obj and opts in JSON.generate.

By default, generates JSON data without checking for circular references in obj (option max_nesting set to false, disabled).

Raises an exception if obj contains circular references:

a = []; b = []; a.push(b); b.push(a)
# Raises SystemStackError (stack level too deep):
JSON.fast_generate(a)

Arguments obj and opts here are the same as arguments obj and opts in JSON.generate.

Default options are:

{
  indent: '  ',   # Two spaces
  space: ' ',     # One space
  array_nl: "\n", # Newline
  object_nl: "\n" # Newline
}

Example:

obj = {foo: [:bar, :baz], bat: {bam: 0, bad: 1}}
json = JSON.pretty_generate(obj)
puts json

Output:

{
  "foo": [
    "bar",
    "baz"
  ],
  "bat": {
    "bam": 0,
    "bad": 1
  }
}

Returns the source file origin from the given object.

See ::trace_object_allocations for more information and examples.

Returns the original line from source for from the given object.

See ::trace_object_allocations for more information and examples.

Return consuming memory size of obj in bytes.

Note that the return size is incomplete. You need to deal with this information as only a HINT. Especially, the size of T_DATA may not be correct.

This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.

From Ruby 2.2, memsize_of(obj) returns a memory size includes sizeof(RVALUE).

Adds aProc as a finalizer, to be called after obj was destroyed. The object ID of the obj will be passed as an argument to aProc. If aProc is a lambda or method, make sure it can be called with a single argument.

The return value is an array [0, aProc].

The two recommended patterns are to either create the finaliser proc in a non-instance method where it can safely capture the needed state, or to use a custom callable object that stores the needed state explicitly as instance variables.

class Foo
  def initialize(data_needed_for_finalization)
    ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, self.class.create_finalizer(data_needed_for_finalization))
  end

  def self.create_finalizer(data_needed_for_finalization)
    proc {
      puts "finalizing #{data_needed_for_finalization}"
    }
  end
end

class Bar
 class Remover
    def initialize(data_needed_for_finalization)
      @data_needed_for_finalization = data_needed_for_finalization
    end

    def call(id)
      puts "finalizing #{@data_needed_for_finalization}"
    end
  end

  def initialize(data_needed_for_finalization)
    ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, Remover.new(data_needed_for_finalization))
  end
end

Note that if your finalizer references the object to be finalized it will never be run on GC, although it will still be run at exit. You will get a warning if you capture the object to be finalized as the receiver of the finalizer.

class CapturesSelf
  def initialize(name)
    ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, proc {
      # this finalizer will only be run on exit
      puts "finalizing #{name}"
    })
  end
end

Also note that finalization can be unpredictable and is never guaranteed to be run except on exit.

Removes all finalizers for obj.

Constant time memory comparison. Inputs are hashed using SHA-256 to mask the length of the secret. Returns true if the strings are identical, false otherwise.

Parse a file at filename. Returns the Psych::Nodes::Document.

Raises a Psych::SyntaxError when a YAML syntax error is detected.

Dump a list of objects as separate documents to a document stream.

Example:

Psych.dump_stream("foo\n  ", {}) # => "--- ! \"foo\\n  \"\n--- {}\n"

Load multiple documents given in yaml. Returns the parsed documents as a list. If a block is given, each document will be converted to Ruby and passed to the block during parsing

Example:

Psych.load_stream("--- foo\n...\n--- bar\n...") # => ['foo', 'bar']

list = []
Psych.load_stream("--- foo\n...\n--- bar\n...") do |ruby|
  list << ruby
end
list # => ['foo', 'bar']

Returns the version of libyaml being used

Returns the number of malloc() allocations.

Only available if ruby was built with CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE.