OpenSSL::HMAC allows computing Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC). It is a type of message authentication code (MAC) involving a hash function in combination with a key. HMAC can be used to verify the integrity of a message as well as the authenticity.
OpenSSL::HMAC has a similar interface to OpenSSL::Digest.
HMAC-SHA256 using one-shot interface
key = "key" data = "message-to-be-authenticated" mac = OpenSSL::HMAC.hexdigest("SHA256", key, data) #=> "cddb0db23f469c8bf072b21fd837149bd6ace9ab771cceef14c9e517cc93282e"
HMAC-SHA256 using incremental interface
data1 = File.read("file1") data2 = File.read("file2") key = "key" digest = OpenSSL::Digest.new('SHA256') hmac = OpenSSL::HMAC.new(key, digest) hmac << data1 hmac << data2 mac = hmac.digest
static VALUE
ossl_hmac_s_digest(VALUE klass, VALUE digest, VALUE key, VALUE data)
{
unsigned char *buf;
unsigned int buf_len;
StringValue(key);
StringValue(data);
buf = HMAC(ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest), RSTRING_PTR(key),
RSTRING_LENINT(key), (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(data),
RSTRING_LEN(data), NULL, &buf_len);
return rb_str_new((const char *)buf, buf_len);
}
Returns the authentication code as a binary string. The digest parameter specifies the digest algorithm to use. This may be a String representing the algorithm name or an instance of OpenSSL::Digest.
Example
key = 'key' data = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog' hmac = OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('sha1', key, data) #=> "\xDE|\x9B\x85\xB8\xB7\x8A\xA6\xBC\x8Az6\xF7\n\x90p\x1C\x9D\xB4\xD9"
static VALUE
ossl_hmac_s_hexdigest(VALUE klass, VALUE digest, VALUE key, VALUE data)
{
unsigned char buf[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
unsigned int buf_len;
VALUE ret;
StringValue(key);
StringValue(data);
if (!HMAC(ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest), RSTRING_PTR(key),
RSTRING_LENINT(key), (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(data),
RSTRING_LEN(data), buf, &buf_len))
ossl_raise(eHMACError, "HMAC");
ret = rb_str_new(NULL, buf_len * 2);
ossl_bin2hex(buf, RSTRING_PTR(ret), buf_len);
return ret;
}
Returns the authentication code as a hex-encoded string. The digest parameter specifies the digest algorithm to use. This may be a String representing the algorithm name or an instance of OpenSSL::Digest.
Example
key = 'key' data = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog' hmac = OpenSSL::HMAC.hexdigest('sha1', key, data) #=> "de7c9b85b8b78aa6bc8a7a36f70a90701c9db4d9"
static VALUE
ossl_hmac_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
{
HMAC_CTX *ctx;
StringValue(key);
GetHMAC(self, ctx);
HMAC_Init_ex(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(key), RSTRING_LENINT(key),
ossl_evp_get_digestbyname(digest), NULL);
return self;
}
Returns an instance of OpenSSL::HMAC set with the key and digest algorithm to be used. The instance represents the initial state of the message authentication code before any data has been processed. To process data with it, use the instance method update with your data as an argument.
Example
key = 'key' digest = OpenSSL::Digest.new('sha1') instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new(key, digest) #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f instance.class #=> OpenSSL::HMAC
A note about comparisons
Two instances can be securely compared with == in constant time:
other_instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new('key', OpenSSL::Digest.new('sha1')) #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f instance == other_instance #=> true
# File tmp/rubies/ruby-3.0.5/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/hmac.rb, line 6
def ==(other)
return false unless HMAC === other
return false unless self.digest.bytesize == other.digest.bytesize
OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare(self.digest, other.digest)
end
Securely compare with another HMAC instance in constant time.
static VALUE
ossl_hmac_digest(VALUE self)
{
HMAC_CTX *ctx;
unsigned int buf_len;
VALUE ret;
GetHMAC(self, ctx);
ret = rb_str_new(NULL, EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE);
hmac_final(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(ret), &buf_len);
assert(buf_len <= EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE);
rb_str_set_len(ret, buf_len);
return ret;
}
Returns the authentication code an instance represents as a binary string.
Example
instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new('key', OpenSSL::Digest.new('sha1')) #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f instance.digest #=> "\xF4+\xB0\xEE\xB0\x18\xEB\xBDE\x97\xAEr\x13q\x1E\xC6\a`\x84?"
static VALUE
ossl_hmac_hexdigest(VALUE self)
{
HMAC_CTX *ctx;
unsigned char buf[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
unsigned int buf_len;
VALUE ret;
GetHMAC(self, ctx);
hmac_final(ctx, buf, &buf_len);
ret = rb_str_new(NULL, buf_len * 2);
ossl_bin2hex(buf, RSTRING_PTR(ret), buf_len);
return ret;
}
Returns the authentication code an instance represents as a hex-encoded string.
static VALUE
ossl_hmac_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
HMAC_CTX *ctx1, *ctx2;
rb_check_frozen(self);
if (self == other) return self;
GetHMAC(self, ctx1);
GetHMAC(other, ctx2);
if (!HMAC_CTX_copy(ctx1, ctx2))
ossl_raise(eHMACError, "HMAC_CTX_copy");
return self;
}
static VALUE
ossl_hmac_reset(VALUE self)
{
HMAC_CTX *ctx;
GetHMAC(self, ctx);
HMAC_Init_ex(ctx, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
return self;
}
Returns hmac as it was when it was first initialized, with all processed data cleared from it.
Example
data = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" instance = OpenSSL::HMAC.new('key', OpenSSL::Digest.new('sha1')) #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f instance.update(data) #=> de7c9b85b8b78aa6bc8a7a36f70a90701c9db4d9 instance.reset #=> f42bb0eeb018ebbd4597ae7213711ec60760843f
static VALUE
ossl_hmac_update(VALUE self, VALUE data)
{
HMAC_CTX *ctx;
StringValue(data);
GetHMAC(self, ctx);
HMAC_Update(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data));
return self;
}
Returns hmac updated with the message to be authenticated. Can be called repeatedly with chunks of the message.
Example
first_chunk = 'The quick brown fox jumps ' second_chunk = 'over the lazy dog' instance.update(first_chunk) #=> 5b9a8038a65d571076d97fe783989e52278a492a instance.update(second_chunk) #=> de7c9b85b8b78aa6bc8a7a36f70a90701c9db4d9