Results for: "Pathname"

@return [String] the name of the source of explicit dependencies, i.e.

those passed to {Resolver#resolve} directly.

@return [String] the name of the source of ‘locked’ dependencies, i.e.

those passed to {Resolver#resolve} directly as the `base`

Load extra data embed into binary format String object.

Returns an array containing the elements in self corresponding to the given selector(s).

The selectors may be either integer indices or ranges.

See also Array#select.

a = %w{ a b c d e f }
a.values_at(1, 3, 5)          # => ["b", "d", "f"]
a.values_at(1, 3, 5, 7)       # => ["b", "d", "f", nil]
a.values_at(-1, -2, -2, -7)   # => ["f", "e", "e", nil]
a.values_at(4..6, 3...6)      # => ["e", "f", nil, "d", "e", "f"]

Deletes the element at the specified index, returning that element, or nil if the index is out of range.

See also Array#slice!

a = ["ant", "bat", "cat", "dog"]
a.delete_at(2)    #=> "cat"
a                 #=> ["ant", "bat", "dog"]
a.delete_at(99)   #=> nil

Returns the number of bits of the value of int.

“the number of bits” means that the bit position of the highest bit which is different to the sign bit. (The bit position of the bit 2**n is n+1.) If there is no such bit (zero or minus one), zero is returned.

I.e. This method returns ceil(log2(int < 0 ? -int : int+1)).

(-2**10000-1).bit_length  #=> 10001
(-2**10000).bit_length    #=> 10000
(-2**10000+1).bit_length  #=> 10000

(-2**1000-1).bit_length   #=> 1001
(-2**1000).bit_length     #=> 1000
(-2**1000+1).bit_length   #=> 1000

(2**1000-1).bit_length    #=> 1000
(2**1000).bit_length      #=> 1001
(2**1000+1).bit_length    #=> 1001

(2**10000-1).bit_length   #=> 10000
(2**10000).bit_length     #=> 10001
(2**10000+1).bit_length   #=> 10001

This method can be used to detect overflow in Array#pack as follows.

if n.bit_length < 32
  [n].pack("l") # no overflow
else
  raise "overflow"
end

Deserializes JSON string by converting Real value r, imaginary value i, to a Complex object.

Returns true if str starts with one of the prefixes given.

"hello".start_with?("hell")               #=> true

# returns true if one of the prefixes matches.
"hello".start_with?("heaven", "hell")     #=> true
"hello".start_with?("heaven", "paradise") #=> false

Returns true if str ends with one of the suffixes given.

"hello".end_with?("ello")               #=> true

# returns true if one of the +suffixes+ matches.
"hello".end_with?("heaven", "ello")     #=> true
"hello".end_with?("heaven", "paradise") #=> false

Returns the next representable floating-point number.

Float::MAX.next_float and Float::INFINITY.next_float is Float::INFINITY.

Float::NAN.next_float is Float::NAN.

For example:

p 0.01.next_float  #=> 0.010000000000000002
p 1.0.next_float   #=> 1.0000000000000002
p 100.0.next_float #=> 100.00000000000001

p 0.01.next_float - 0.01   #=> 1.734723475976807e-18
p 1.0.next_float - 1.0     #=> 2.220446049250313e-16
p 100.0.next_float - 100.0 #=> 1.4210854715202004e-14

f = 0.01; 20.times { printf "%-20a %s\n", f, f.to_s; f = f.next_float }
#=> 0x1.47ae147ae147bp-7 0.01
#   0x1.47ae147ae147cp-7 0.010000000000000002
#   0x1.47ae147ae147dp-7 0.010000000000000004
#   0x1.47ae147ae147ep-7 0.010000000000000005
#   0x1.47ae147ae147fp-7 0.010000000000000007
#   0x1.47ae147ae148p-7  0.010000000000000009
#   0x1.47ae147ae1481p-7 0.01000000000000001
#   0x1.47ae147ae1482p-7 0.010000000000000012
#   0x1.47ae147ae1483p-7 0.010000000000000014
#   0x1.47ae147ae1484p-7 0.010000000000000016
#   0x1.47ae147ae1485p-7 0.010000000000000018
#   0x1.47ae147ae1486p-7 0.01000000000000002
#   0x1.47ae147ae1487p-7 0.010000000000000021
#   0x1.47ae147ae1488p-7 0.010000000000000023
#   0x1.47ae147ae1489p-7 0.010000000000000024
#   0x1.47ae147ae148ap-7 0.010000000000000026
#   0x1.47ae147ae148bp-7 0.010000000000000028
#   0x1.47ae147ae148cp-7 0.01000000000000003
#   0x1.47ae147ae148dp-7 0.010000000000000031
#   0x1.47ae147ae148ep-7 0.010000000000000033

f = 0.0
100.times { f += 0.1 }
p f                            #=> 9.99999999999998       # should be 10.0 in the ideal world.
p 10-f                         #=> 1.9539925233402755e-14 # the floating-point error.
p(10.0.next_float-10)          #=> 1.7763568394002505e-15 # 1 ulp (units in the last place).
p((10-f)/(10.0.next_float-10)) #=> 11.0                   # the error is 11 ulp.
p((10-f)/(10*Float::EPSILON))  #=> 8.8                    # approximation of the above.
p "%a" % f                     #=> "0x1.3fffffffffff5p+3" # the last hex digit is 5.  16 - 5 = 11 ulp.

Returns the previous representable floating-point number.

(-Float::MAX).prev_float and (-Float::INFINITY).prev_float is -Float::INFINITY.

Float::NAN.prev_float is Float::NAN.

For example:

p 0.01.prev_float  #=> 0.009999999999999998
p 1.0.prev_float   #=> 0.9999999999999999
p 100.0.prev_float #=> 99.99999999999999

p 0.01 - 0.01.prev_float   #=> 1.734723475976807e-18
p 1.0 - 1.0.prev_float     #=> 1.1102230246251565e-16
p 100.0 - 100.0.prev_float #=> 1.4210854715202004e-14

f = 0.01; 20.times { printf "%-20a %s\n", f, f.to_s; f = f.prev_float }
#=> 0x1.47ae147ae147bp-7 0.01
#   0x1.47ae147ae147ap-7 0.009999999999999998
#   0x1.47ae147ae1479p-7 0.009999999999999997
#   0x1.47ae147ae1478p-7 0.009999999999999995
#   0x1.47ae147ae1477p-7 0.009999999999999993
#   0x1.47ae147ae1476p-7 0.009999999999999992
#   0x1.47ae147ae1475p-7 0.00999999999999999
#   0x1.47ae147ae1474p-7 0.009999999999999988
#   0x1.47ae147ae1473p-7 0.009999999999999986
#   0x1.47ae147ae1472p-7 0.009999999999999985
#   0x1.47ae147ae1471p-7 0.009999999999999983
#   0x1.47ae147ae147p-7  0.009999999999999981
#   0x1.47ae147ae146fp-7 0.00999999999999998
#   0x1.47ae147ae146ep-7 0.009999999999999978
#   0x1.47ae147ae146dp-7 0.009999999999999976
#   0x1.47ae147ae146cp-7 0.009999999999999974
#   0x1.47ae147ae146bp-7 0.009999999999999972
#   0x1.47ae147ae146ap-7 0.00999999999999997
#   0x1.47ae147ae1469p-7 0.009999999999999969
#   0x1.47ae147ae1468p-7 0.009999999999999967

Returns default external encoding.

The default external encoding is used by default for strings created from the following locations:

• CSV

• File data read from disk

• SDBM

• StringIO

• Zlib::GzipReader

• Zlib::GzipWriter

• String#inspect

• Regexp#inspect

While strings created from these locations will have this encoding, the encoding may not be valid. Be sure to check String#valid_encoding?.

File data written to disk will be transcoded to the default external encoding when written.

The default external encoding is initialized by the locale or -E option.

Sets default external encoding. You should not set Encoding::default_external in ruby code as strings created before changing the value may have a different encoding from strings created after the value was changed., instead you should use ruby -E to invoke ruby with the correct default_external.

See Encoding::default_external for information on how the default external encoding is used.

Returns default internal encoding. Strings will be transcoded to the default internal encoding in the following places if the default internal encoding is not nil:

• CSV

• Etc.sysconfdir and Etc.systmpdir

• File data read from disk

• File names from Dir

• Integer#chr

• String#inspect and Regexp#inspect

• Strings returned from Readline

• Strings returned from SDBM

• Time#zone

• Values from ENV

• Values in ARGV including $PROGRAM_NAME

Additionally String#encode and String#encode! use the default internal encoding if no encoding is given.

The locale encoding (__ENCODING__), not default_internal, is used as the encoding of created strings.

Encoding::default_internal is initialized by the source file’s internal_encoding or -E option.

Sets default internal encoding or removes default internal encoding when passed nil. You should not set Encoding::default_internal in ruby code as strings created before changing the value may have a different encoding from strings created after the change. Instead you should use ruby -E to invoke ruby with the correct default_internal.

See Encoding::default_internal for information on how the default internal encoding is used.

Iterates the given block for each element with an index, which starts from offset. If no block is given, returns a new Enumerator that includes the index, starting from offset

offset

the starting index to use

Iterates the given block for each element with an arbitrary object, obj, and returns obj

If no block is given, returns a new Enumerator.

Example

to_three = Enumerator.new do |y|
  3.times do |x|
    y << x
  end
end

to_three_with_string = to_three.with_object("foo")
to_three_with_string.each do |x,string|
  puts "#{string}: #{x}"
end

# => foo:0
# => foo:1
# => foo:2

Returns any backtrace associated with the exception. This method is similar to Exception#backtrace, but the backtrace is an array of

Thread::Backtrace::Location.

Now, this method is not affected by Exception#set_backtrace().

Deserializes JSON string by constructing new Exception object with message m and backtrace b serialized with to_json