Results for: "Array.new"

newton.rb

Solves the nonlinear algebraic equation system f = 0 by Newton’s method. This program is not dependent on BigDecimal.

To call:

  n = nlsolve(f,x)
where n is the number of iterations required,
      x is the initial value vector
      f is an Object which is used to compute the values of the equations to be solved.

It must provide the following methods:

f.values(x)

returns the values of all functions at x

f.zero

returns 0.0

f.one

returns 1.0

f.two

returns 2.0

f.ten

returns 10.0

f.eps

returns the convergence criterion (epsilon value) used to determine whether two values are considered equal. If |a-b| < epsilon, the two values are considered equal.

On exit, x is the solution vector.

Synopsis

URI::Parser.new([opts])

Args

The constructor accepts a hash as options for parser. Keys of options are pattern names of URI components and values of options are pattern strings. The constructor generates set of regexps for parsing URIs.

You can use the following keys:

* :ESCAPED (URI::PATTERN::ESCAPED in default)
* :UNRESERVED (URI::PATTERN::UNRESERVED in default)
* :DOMLABEL (URI::PATTERN::DOMLABEL in default)
* :TOPLABEL (URI::PATTERN::TOPLABEL in default)
* :HOSTNAME (URI::PATTERN::HOSTNAME in default)

Examples

p = URI::Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})")
u = p.parse("http://example.jp/%uABCD") #=> #<URI::HTTP:0xb78cf4f8 URL:http://example.jp/%uABCD>
URI.parse(u.to_s) #=> raises URI::InvalidURIError

s = "http://example.com/ABCD"
u1 = p.parse(s) #=> #<URI::HTTP:0xb78c3220 URL:http://example.com/ABCD>
u2 = URI.parse(s) #=> #<URI::HTTP:0xb78b6d54 URL:http://example.com/ABCD>
u1 == u2 #=> true
u1.eql?(u2) #=> false

Creates a DRb::DRbObject given the reference information to the remote host uri and object ref.

Creates a DRb::DRbObject given the reference information to the remote host uri and object ref.

The most standard error types are subclasses of StandardError. A rescue clause without an explicit Exception class will rescue all StandardErrors (and only those).

def foo
  raise "Oups"
end
foo rescue "Hello"   #=> "Hello"

On the other hand:

require 'does/not/exist' rescue "Hi"

raises the exception:

LoadError: no such file to load -- does/not/exist

Raised when the arguments are wrong and there isn’t a more specific Exception class.

Ex: passing the wrong number of arguments

[1, 2, 3].first(4, 5)

raises the exception:

ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (given 2, expected 1)

Ex: passing an argument that is not acceptable:

[1, 2, 3].first(-4)

raises the exception:

ArgumentError: negative array size

Raised when a given numerical value is out of range.

[1, 2, 3].drop(1 << 100)

raises the exception:

RangeError: bignum too big to convert into `long'

Raised when attempting to divide an integer by 0.

42 / 0
#=> ZeroDivisionError: divided by 0

Note that only division by an exact 0 will raise the exception:

42 /  0.0 #=> Float::INFINITY
42 / -0.0 #=> -Float::INFINITY
0  /  0.0 #=> NaN

Raised when attempting to convert special float values (in particular infinite or NaN) to numerical classes which don’t support them.

Float::INFINITY.to_r
#=> FloatDomainError: Infinity

The Comparable mixin is used by classes whose objects may be ordered. The class must define the <=> operator, which compares the receiver against another object, returning -1, 0, or +1 depending on whether the receiver is less than, equal to, or greater than the other object. If the other object is not comparable then the <=> operator should return nil. Comparable uses <=> to implement the conventional comparison operators (<, <=, ==, >=, and >) and the method between?.

class SizeMatters
  include Comparable
  attr :str
  def <=>(other)
    str.size <=> other.str.size
  end
  def initialize(str)
    @str = str
  end
  def inspect
    @str
  end
end

s1 = SizeMatters.new("Z")
s2 = SizeMatters.new("YY")
s3 = SizeMatters.new("XXX")
s4 = SizeMatters.new("WWWW")
s5 = SizeMatters.new("VVVVV")

s1 < s2                       #=> true
s4.between?(s1, s3)           #=> false
s4.between?(s3, s5)           #=> true
[ s3, s2, s5, s4, s1 ].sort   #=> [Z, YY, XXX, WWWW, VVVVV]

Description

Construct a new BlockCaller object.

• ctype is the C type to be returned

• args are passed the callback

• abi is the abi of the closure

If there is an error in preparing the ffi_cif or ffi_prep_closure, then a RuntimeError will be raised.

Example

include Fiddle

cb = Closure::BlockCaller.new(TYPE_INT, [TYPE_INT]) do |one|
  one
end

func = Function.new(cb, [TYPE_INT], TYPE_INT)

Either generates a DH instance from scratch or by reading already existing DH parameters from string. Note that when reading a DH instance from data that was encoded from a DH instance by using DH#to_pem or DH#to_der the result will not contain a public/private key pair yet. This needs to be generated using DH#generate_key! first.

Parameters

• size is an integer representing the desired key size. Keys smaller than 1024 bits should be considered insecure.

• generator is a small number > 1, typically 2 or 5.

• string contains the DER or PEM encoded key.

Examples

DH.new # -> dh
DH.new(1024) # -> dh
DH.new(1024, 5) # -> dh
#Reading DH parameters
dh = DH.new(File.read('parameters.pem')) # -> dh, but no public/private key yet
dh.generate_key! # -> dh with public and private key

You can get a list of valid methods with OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::METHODS

Creates a new instance of SSLServer.

• srv is an instance of TCPServer.

• ctx is an instance of OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.

Creates an X509 extension.

The extension may be created from asn1 data or from an extension name and value. The name may be either an OID or an extension name. If critical is true the extension is marked critical.

Creates a new Name.

A name may be created from a DER encoded string der, an Array representing a distinguished_name or a distinguished_name along with a template.

name = OpenSSL::X509::Name.new [['CN', 'nobody'], ['DC', 'example']]

name = OpenSSL::X509::Name.new name.to_der

See add_entry for a description of the distinguished_name Array’s contents

value: Please have a look at Constructive and Primitive to see how Ruby types are mapped to ASN.1 types and vice versa.

tag: A Number indicating the tag number.

tag_class: A Symbol indicating the tag class. Please cf. ASN1 for possible values.

Example

asn1_int = OpenSSL::ASN1Data.new(42, 2, :UNIVERSAL) # => Same as OpenSSL::ASN1::Integer.new(42)
tagged_int = OpenSSL::ASN1Data.new(42, 0, :CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) # implicitly 0-tagged INTEGER