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Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of obj. The default inspect shows the object’s class name, an encoding of its memory address, and a list of the instance variables and their values (by calling inspect on each of them). User defined classes should override this method to provide a better representation of obj. When overriding this method, it should return a string whose encoding is compatible with the default external encoding.

[ 1, 2, 3..4, 'five' ].inspect   #=> "[1, 2, 3..4, \"five\"]"
Time.new.inspect                 #=> "2008-03-08 19:43:39 +0900"

class Foo
end
Foo.new.inspect                  #=> "#<Foo:0x0300c868>"

class Bar
  def initialize
    @bar = 1
  end
end
Bar.new.inspect                  #=> "#<Bar:0x0300c868 @bar=1>"

Returns a string representation of self:

x = RuntimeError.new('Boom')
x.inspect # => "#<RuntimeError: Boom>"
x = RuntimeError.new
x.inspect # => "#<RuntimeError: RuntimeError>"

Returns a hash of values parsed from string according to the given format:

Date._strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d') # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}

For other formats, see Formats for Dates and Times. (Unlike Date.strftime, does not support flags and width.)

See also strptime(3).

Related: Date.strptime (returns a Date object).

Returns a new Date object with values parsed from string, according to the given format:

Date.strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d')  # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
Date.strptime('03-02-2001', '%d-%m-%Y')  # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
Date.strptime('2001-034', '%Y-%j')       # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
Date.strptime('2001-W05-6', '%G-W%V-%u') # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
Date.strptime('2001 04 6', '%Y %U %w')   # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
Date.strptime('2001 05 6', '%Y %W %u')   # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
Date.strptime('sat3feb01', '%a%d%b%y')   # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>

For other formats, see Formats for Dates and Times. (Unlike Date.strftime, does not support flags and width.)

See argument start.

See also strptime(3).

Related: Date._strptime (returns a hash).

Returns true if self is a Sunday, false otherwise.

Returns a string representation of self:

Date.new(2001, 2, 3).inspect
# => "#<Date: 2001-02-03 ((2451944j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>"

Returns a string representation of the date in self, formatted according the given format:

Date.new(2001, 2, 3).strftime # => "2001-02-03"

For other formats, see Formats for Dates and Times.

Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and returns a hash of parsed elements. _strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.

See also strptime(3) and strftime.

Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and creates a DateTime object. strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.

DateTime.strptime('2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00', '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
DateTime.strptime('03-02-2001 04:05:06 PM', '%d-%m-%Y %I:%M:%S %p')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T16:05:06+00:00 ...>
DateTime.strptime('2001-W05-6T04:05:06+07:00', '%G-W%V-%uT%H:%M:%S%z')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
DateTime.strptime('2001 04 6 04 05 06 +7', '%Y %U %w %H %M %S %z')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
DateTime.strptime('2001 05 6 04 05 06 +7', '%Y %W %u %H %M %S %z')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
DateTime.strptime('-1', '%s')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 1969-12-31T23:59:59+00:00 ...>
DateTime.strptime('-1000', '%Q')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 1969-12-31T23:59:59+00:00 ...>
DateTime.strptime('sat3feb014pm+7', '%a%d%b%y%H%p%z')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T16:00:00+07:00 ...>

See also strptime(3) and strftime.

Returns the second in range (0..59):

DateTime.new(2001, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).sec # => 6

Returns the timezone.

DateTime.parse('04pm+0730').zone          #=> "+07:30"

Returns a string representation of self, formatted according the given +format:

DateTime.now.strftime # => "2022-07-01T11:03:19-05:00"

For other formats, see Formats for Dates and Times:

Works similar to parse except that instead of using a heuristic to detect the format of the input string, you provide a second argument that describes the format of the string.

Raises ArgumentError if the date or format is invalid.

If a block is given, the year described in date is converted by the block. For example:

Time.strptime(...) {|y| y < 100 ? (y >= 69 ? y + 1900 : y + 2000) : y}

Below is a list of the formatting options:

%a

The abbreviated weekday name (“Sun”)

%A

The full weekday name (“Sunday”)

%b

The abbreviated month name (“Jan”)

%B

The full month name (“January”)

%c

The preferred local date and time representation

%C

Century (20 in 2009)

%d

Day of the month (01..31)

%D

Date (%m/%d/%y)

%e

Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)

%F

Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601 date format)

%g

The last two digits of the commercial year

%G

The week-based year according to ISO-8601 (week 1 starts on Monday and includes January 4)

%h

Equivalent to %b

%H

Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)

%I

Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)

%j

Day of the year (001..366)

%k

hour, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)

%l

hour, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..12)

%L

Millisecond of the second (000..999)

%m

Month of the year (01..12)

%M

Minute of the hour (00..59)

%n

Newline (n)

%N

Fractional seconds digits

%p

Meridian indicator (“AM” or “PM”)

%P

Meridian indicator (“am” or “pm”)

%r

time, 12-hour (same as %I:%M:%S %p)

%R

time, 24-hour (%H:%M)

%s

Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

%S

Second of the minute (00..60)

%t

Tab character (t)

%T

time, 24-hour (%H:%M:%S)

%u

Day of the week as a decimal, Monday being 1. (1..7)

%U

Week number of the current year, starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week (00..53)

%v

VMS date (%e-%b-%Y)

%V

Week number of year according to ISO 8601 (01..53)

%W

Week number of the current year, starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first week (00..53)

%w

Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)

%x

Preferred representation for the date alone, no time

%X

Preferred representation for the time alone, no date

%y

Year without a century (00..99)

%Y

Year which may include century, if provided

%z

Time zone as hour offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)

%Z

Time zone name

%%

Literal “%” character

%+

date(1) (%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)

require 'time'

Time.strptime("2000-10-31", "%Y-%m-%d") #=> 2000-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

With no argument given:

• Returns self if self is a local time.

• Otherwise returns a new Time in the user’s local timezone:

  t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
  t.localtime                         # => 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600
  

With argument zone given, returns the new Time object created by converting self to the given time zone:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
t.localtime("-09:00")               # => 2000-01-01 11:15:01 -0900

For forms of argument zone, see Timezone Specifiers.

Returns self, converted to the UTC timezone:

t = Time.new(2000) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
t.utc?             # => false
t.utc              # => 2000-01-01 06:00:00 UTC
t.utc?             # => true

Related: Time#getutc (returns a new converted Time object).

Returns a string representation of self with subseconds:

t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0.5)
t.inspect # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +000001"

Related: Time#ctime, Time#to_s:

t.ctime   # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.to_s    # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59 +0000"

Returns a new Time object whose numeric value is that of self, with its seconds value rounded to precision ndigits:

t = Time.utc(2010, 3, 30, 5, 43, 25.123456789r)
t          # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
t.round    # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
t.round(0) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
t.round(1) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1 UTC
t.round(2) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12 UTC
t.round(3) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123 UTC
t.round(4) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1235 UTC

t = Time.utc(1999, 12,31, 23, 59, 59)
t                # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.4).round  # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.49).round # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.5).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.4).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.49).round # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.5).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC

Related: Time#ceil, Time#floor.

Returns the string name of the time zone for self:

Time.utc(2000, 1, 1).zone # => "UTC"
Time.new(2000, 1, 1).zone # => "Central Standard Time"

Returns true if self represents a Sunday, false otherwise:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 2) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 UTC
t.sunday?                # => true

Related: Time#monday?, Time#tuesday?, Time#wednesday?.

Returns a string representation of self, formatted according to the given string format. See Formats for Dates and Times.

Like Time.utc, except that the returned Time object has the local timezone, not the UTC timezone:

# With seven arguments.
Time.local(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 0000-01-02 03:04:05.000006 -0600
# With exactly ten arguments.
Time.local(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
# => 0005-04-03 02:01:00 -0600

Returns pathname configuration variable using fpathconf().

name should be a constant under Etc which begins with PC_.

The return value is an integer or nil. nil means indefinite limit. (fpathconf() returns -1 but errno is not set.)

require 'etc'
IO.pipe {|r, w|
  p w.pathconf(Etc::PC_PIPE_BUF) #=> 4096
}

Flushes input and output buffers in kernel.

You must require ‘io/console’ to use this method.

Returns true if an IO object is in non-blocking mode.

Enables non-blocking mode on a stream when set to true, and blocking mode when set to false.

This method set or clear O_NONBLOCK flag for the file descriptor in ios.

The behavior of most IO methods is not affected by this flag because they retry system calls to complete their task after EAGAIN and partial read/write. (An exception is IO#syswrite which doesn’t retry.)

This method can be used to clear non-blocking mode of standard I/O. Since nonblocking methods (read_nonblock, etc.) set non-blocking mode but they doesn’t clear it, this method is usable as follows.

END { STDOUT.nonblock = false }
STDOUT.write_nonblock("foo")

Since the flag is shared across processes and many non-Ruby commands doesn’t expect standard I/O with non-blocking mode, it would be safe to clear the flag before Ruby program exits.

For example following Ruby program leaves STDIN/STDOUT/STDER non-blocking mode. (STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are connected to a terminal. So making one of them nonblocking-mode effects other two.) Thus cat command try to read from standard input and it causes “Resource temporarily unavailable” error (EAGAIN).

% ruby -e '
STDOUT.write_nonblock("foo\n")'; cat
foo
cat: -: Resource temporarily unavailable

Clearing the flag makes the behavior of cat command normal. (cat command waits input from standard input.)

% ruby -rio/nonblock -e '
END { STDOUT.nonblock = false }
STDOUT.write_nonblock("foo")
'; cat
foo