Spawns the specified command on a newly allocated pty. You can also use the alias ::getpty.
The command’s controlling tty is set to the slave device of the pty and its standard input/output/error is redirected to the slave device.
env is an optional hash that provides additional environment variables to the spawned pty.
# sets FOO to "bar" PTY.spawn({"FOO"=>"bar"}, "printenv", "FOO") do |r, w, pid| p r.read #=> "bar\r\n" ensure r.close; w.close; Process.wait(pid) end # unsets FOO PTY.spawn({"FOO"=>nil}, "printenv", "FOO") do |r, w, pid| p r.read #=> "" ensure r.close; w.close; Process.wait(pid) end
command and command_line are the full commands to run, given a String. Any additional arguments will be passed to the command.
In the non-block form this returns an array of size three, [r, w, pid].
In the block form these same values will be yielded to the block:
r
A readable IO that contains the command’s standard output and standard error
w
A writable IO that is the command’s standard input
pid
The process identifier for the command.
This method does not clean up like closing IOs or waiting for child process, except that the process is detached in the block form to prevent it from becoming a zombie (see Process.detach). Any other cleanup is the responsibility of the caller. If waiting for pid, be sure to close both r and w before doing so; doing it in the reverse order may cause deadlock on some OSes.
This method is called when weak warning is produced by the parser. fmt and args is printf style.
This method is called when strong warning is produced by the parser. fmt and args is printf style.
enable the socket option IPV6_V6ONLY if IPV6_V6ONLY is available.
Requests a connection to be made on the given remote_sockaddr. Returns 0 if successful, otherwise an exception is raised.
remote_sockaddr - the struct sockaddr contained in a string or Addrinfo object
# Pull down Google's web page require 'socket' include Socket::Constants socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 80, 'www.google.com' ) socket.connect( sockaddr ) socket.write( "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n" ) results = socket.read
On unix-based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to connect fails:
Errno::EACCES - search permission is denied for a component of the prefix path or write access to the socket is denied
Errno::EADDRINUSE - the sockaddr is already in use
Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the specified sockaddr is not available from the local machine
Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT - the specified sockaddr is not a valid address for the address family of the specified socket
Errno::EALREADY - a connection is already in progress for the specified socket
Errno::EBADF - the socket is not a valid file descriptor
Errno::ECONNREFUSED - the target sockaddr was not listening for connections refused the connection request
Errno::ECONNRESET - the remote host reset the connection request
Errno::EFAULT - the sockaddr cannot be accessed
Errno::EHOSTUNREACH - the destination host cannot be reached (probably because the host is down or a remote router cannot reach it)
Errno::EINPROGRESS - the O_NONBLOCK is set for the socket and the connection cannot be immediately established; the connection will be established asynchronously
Errno::EINTR - the attempt to establish the connection was interrupted by delivery of a signal that was caught; the connection will be established asynchronously
Errno::EISCONN - the specified socket is already connected
Errno::EINVAL - the address length used for the sockaddr is not a valid length for the address family or there is an invalid family in sockaddr
Errno::ENAMETOOLONG - the pathname resolved had a length which exceeded PATH_MAX
Errno::ENETDOWN - the local interface used to reach the destination is down
Errno::ENETUNREACH - no route to the network is present
Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
Errno::ENOSR - there were insufficient STREAMS resources available to complete the operation
Errno::ENOTSOCK - the socket argument does not refer to a socket
Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the calling socket is listening and cannot be connected
Errno::EPROTOTYPE - the sockaddr has a different type than the socket bound to the specified peer address
Errno::ETIMEDOUT - the attempt to connect timed out before a connection was made.
On unix-based systems if the address family of the calling socket is AF_UNIX the follow exceptions may be raised if the call to connect fails:
Errno::EIO - an i/o error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system
Errno::ELOOP - too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname in sockaddr
Errno::ENAMETOOLLONG - a component of a pathname exceeded NAME_MAX characters, or an entire pathname exceeded PATH_MAX characters
Errno::ENOENT - a component of the pathname does not name an existing file or the pathname is an empty string
Errno::ENOTDIR - a component of the path prefix of the pathname in sockaddr is not a directory
On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to connect fails:
Errno::ENETDOWN - the network is down
Errno::EADDRINUSE - the socket’s local address is already in use
Errno::EINTR - the socket was cancelled
Errno::EINPROGRESS - a blocking socket is in progress or the service provider is still processing a callback function. Or a nonblocking connect call is in progress on the socket.
Errno::EALREADY - see Errno::EINVAL
Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the remote address is not a valid address, such as ADDR_ANY TODO check ADDRANY TO INADDR_ANY
Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT - addresses in the specified family cannot be used with with this socket
Errno::ECONNREFUSED - the target sockaddr was not listening for connections refused the connection request
Errno::EFAULT - the socket’s internal address or address length parameter is too small or is not a valid part of the user space address
Errno::EINVAL - the socket is a listening socket
Errno::EISCONN - the socket is already connected
Errno::ENETUNREACH - the network cannot be reached from this host at this time
Errno::EHOSTUNREACH - no route to the network is present
Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
Errno::ENOTSOCK - the socket argument does not refer to a socket
Errno::ETIMEDOUT - the attempt to connect timed out before a connection was made.
Errno::EWOULDBLOCK - the socket is marked as nonblocking and the connection cannot be completed immediately
Errno::EACCES - the attempt to connect the datagram socket to the broadcast address failed
connect manual pages on unix-based systems
connect function in Microsoft’s Winsock functions reference
Creates a pair of sockets connected each other.
domain should be a communications domain such as: :INET, :INET6, :UNIX, etc.
socktype should be a socket type such as: :STREAM, :DGRAM, :RAW, etc.
protocol should be a protocol defined in the domain, defaults to 0 for the domain.
s1, s2 = Socket.pair(:UNIX, :STREAM, 0) s1.send "a", 0 s1.send "b", 0 s1.close p s2.recv(10) #=> "ab" p s2.recv(10) #=> "" p s2.recv(10) #=> "" s1, s2 = Socket.pair(:UNIX, :DGRAM, 0) s1.send "a", 0 s1.send "b", 0 p s2.recv(10) #=> "a" p s2.recv(10) #=> "b"
Creates a pair of sockets connected each other.
domain should be a communications domain such as: :INET, :INET6, :UNIX, etc.
socktype should be a socket type such as: :STREAM, :DGRAM, :RAW, etc.
protocol should be a protocol defined in the domain, defaults to 0 for the domain.
s1, s2 = Socket.pair(:UNIX, :STREAM, 0) s1.send "a", 0 s1.send "b", 0 s1.close p s2.recv(10) #=> "ab" p s2.recv(10) #=> "" p s2.recv(10) #=> "" s1, s2 = Socket.pair(:UNIX, :DGRAM, 0) s1.send "a", 0 s1.send "b", 0 p s2.recv(10) #=> "a" p s2.recv(10) #=> "b"
Obtains the port number for port.
If protocol_name is not given, “tcp” is assumed.
Socket.getservbyport(80) #=> "www" Socket.getservbyport(514, "tcp") #=> "shell" Socket.getservbyport(514, "udp") #=> "syslog"
creates a socket connected to the address of self.
The optional argument opts is options represented by a hash. opts may have following options:
specify the timeout in seconds.
If a block is given, it is called with the socket and the value of the block is returned. The socket is returned otherwise.
Addrinfo.tcp("www.ruby-lang.org", 80).connect {|s| s.print "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: www.ruby-lang.org\r\n\r\n" puts s.read }
returns the canonical name as a string.
nil is returned if no canonical name.
The canonical name is set by Addrinfo.getaddrinfo when AI_CANONNAME is specified.
list = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo("www.ruby-lang.org", 80, :INET, :STREAM, nil, Socket::AI_CANONNAME) p list[0] #=> #<Addrinfo: 221.186.184.68:80 TCP carbon.ruby-lang.org (www.ruby-lang.org)> p list[0].canonname #=> "carbon.ruby-lang.org"
Connects udpsocket to host:port.
This makes possible to send without destination address.
u1 = UDPSocket.new u1.bind("127.0.0.1", 4913) u2 = UDPSocket.new u2.connect("127.0.0.1", 4913) u2.send "uuuu", 0 p u1.recvfrom(10) #=> ["uuuu", ["AF_INET", 33230, "localhost", "127.0.0.1"]]
Returns the path of the local address of unixsocket.
s = UNIXServer.new("/tmp/sock") p s.path #=> "/tmp/sock"
Creates a pair of sockets connected to each other.
type should be a socket type such as: :STREAM, :DGRAM, :RAW, etc.
protocol should be a protocol defined in the domain. 0 is default protocol for the domain.
s1, s2 = UNIXSocket.pair s1.send "a", 0 s1.send "b", 0 p s2.recv(10) #=> "ab"
Creates a pair of sockets connected to each other.
type should be a socket type such as: :STREAM, :DGRAM, :RAW, etc.
protocol should be a protocol defined in the domain. 0 is default protocol for the domain.
s1, s2 = UNIXSocket.pair s1.send "a", 0 s1.send "b", 0 p s2.recv(10) #=> "ab"
Appends the given string to the underlying buffer string. The stream must be opened for writing. If the argument is not a string, it will be converted to a string using to_s. Returns the number of bytes written. See IO#write.
Appends the given more_string to the [stored string].
Returns self.
Does not affect the [positions] or [match values].
scanner = StringScanner.new('foo') scanner.string # => "foo" scanner.terminate scanner.concat('barbaz') # => #<StringScanner 3/9 "foo" @ "barba..."> scanner.string # => "foobarbaz" put_situation(scanner) # Situation: # pos: 3 # charpos: 3 # rest: "barbaz" # rest_size: 6
Returns a new Hash object with the each key-value pair inverted:
h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2} h1 = h.invert h1 # => {0=>:foo, 1=>:bar, 2=>:baz}
Overwrites any repeated new keys: (see Entry Order):
h = {foo: 0, bar: 0, baz: 0} h.invert # => {0=>:baz}
Returns a copy of +self+ with all +nil+-valued entries removed:
h = {foo: 0, bar: nil, baz: 2, bat: nil}
h.compact # => {foo: 0, baz: 2}
Related: see Methods for Deleting.
Returns self with all its nil-valued entries removed (in place):
h = {foo: 0, bar: nil, baz: 2, bat: nil} h.compact! # => {foo: 0, baz: 2}
Returns nil if no entries were removed.