Returns true if filepath points to a symbolic link, false otherwise:
symlink = File.symlink('t.txt', 'symlink') File.symlink?('symlink') # => true File.symlink?('t.txt') # => false
Returns true if the named file has the sticky bit set.
file_name can be an IO object.
Initiates garbage collection, even if manually disabled.
The full_mark keyword argument determines whether or not to perform a major garbage collection cycle. When set to true, a major garbage collection cycle is run, meaning all objects are marked. When set to false, a minor garbage collection cycle is run, meaning only young objects are marked.
The immediate_mark keyword argument determines whether or not to perform incremental marking. When set to true, marking is completed during the call to this method. When set to false, marking is performed in steps that are interleaved with future Ruby code execution, so marking might not be completed during this method call. Note that if full_mark is false, then marking will always be immediate, regardless of the value of immediate_mark.
The immediate_sweep keyword argument determines whether or not to defer sweeping (using lazy sweep). When set to false, sweeping is performed in steps that are interleaved with future Ruby code execution, so sweeping might not be completed during this method call. When set to true, sweeping is completed during the call to this method.
Note: These keyword arguments are implementation and version-dependent. They are not guaranteed to be future-compatible and may be ignored if the underlying implementation does not support them.
Returns a Hash containing information about the GC.
The contents of the hash are implementation-specific and may change in the future without notice.
The hash includes internal statistics about GC such as:
The total number of garbage collections run since application start (count includes both minor and major garbage collections)
The total time spent in garbage collections (in milliseconds)
The total number of :heap_eden_pages + :heap_tomb_pages
The number of pages that can fit into the buffer that holds references to all pages
The total number of pages the application could allocate without additional GC
The total number of slots in all :heap_allocated_pages
The total number of slots which contain live objects
The total number of slots which do not contain live objects
The total number of slots with pending finalizers to be run
The total number of objects marked in the last GC
The total number of pages which contain at least one live slot
The total number of pages which do not contain any live slots
The cumulative number of pages allocated since application start
The cumulative number of pages freed since application start
The cumulative number of objects allocated since application start
The cumulative number of objects freed since application start
Amount of memory allocated on the heap for objects. Decreased by any GC
When :malloc_increase_bytes crosses this limit, GC is triggered
The total number of minor garbage collections run since process start
The total number of major garbage collections run since process start
The total number of compactions run since process start
The total number of times the read barrier was triggered during compaction
The total number of objects compaction has moved
The total number of objects without write barriers
When :remembered_wb_unprotected_objects crosses this limit, major GC is triggered
Number of live, old objects which have survived at least 3 garbage collections
When :old_objects crosses this limit, major GC is triggered
Amount of memory allocated on the heap for objects. Decreased by major GC
When :oldmalloc_increase_bytes crosses this limit, major GC is triggered
If the optional argument, hash, is given, it is overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
This method is only expected to work on CRuby.
The path where gem executables are to be installed.
The path were rubygems plugins are to be installed.
Get the default RubyGems API host. This is normally https://rubygems.org.
Set the default RubyGems API host.
Calls the associated block with the name of every file and directory listed as arguments, then recursively on their subdirectories, and so on.
Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
See the Find module documentation for an example.
Calls the associated block with the name of every file and directory listed as arguments, then recursively on their subdirectories, and so on.
Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
See the Find module documentation for an example.
Executes command with expanding variables, and returns the exit status like as Kernel#system. If werror is true and the error output is not empty, returns false. The output will logged.
Merges the given URI strings str per RFC 2396.
Each string in str is converted to an RFC3986 URI before being merged.
Examples:
URI.join("http://example.com/","main.rbx") # => #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/main.rbx> URI.join('http://example.com', 'foo') # => #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/foo> URI.join('http://example.com', '/foo', '/bar') # => #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/bar> URI.join('http://example.com', '/foo', 'bar') # => #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/bar> URI.join('http://example.com', '/foo/', 'bar') # => #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/foo/bar>
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the last child, to the caller’s stdout.
The method does not wait for child processes to exit, so the caller must do so.
With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing:
The stdout stream of the last child process.
An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
last_stdout, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<IO:fd 5>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f9898 dead>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f94b0 sleep>]] puts last_stdout.read wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
With a block given, calls the block with the stdout stream of the last child process, and an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') do |last_stdout, wait_threads| puts last_stdout.read wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the last child, to the caller’s stdout.
The method does not wait for child processes to exit, so the caller must do so.
With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing:
The stdout stream of the last child process.
An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
last_stdout, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<IO:fd 5>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f9898 dead>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de2f94b0 sleep>]] puts last_stdout.read wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
With a block given, calls the block with the stdout stream of the last child process, and an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_r('ls', 'grep R') do |last_stdout, wait_threads| puts last_stdout.read wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the first child, pipes the caller’s stdout to the child’s stdin.
The method does not wait for child processes to exit, so the caller must do so.
With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing:
The stdin stream of the first child process.
An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
first_stdin, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') # => [#<IO:fd 7>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de928278 run>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de923e80 run>]] first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
1 bar 2 baz 3 foo
With a block given, calls the block with the stdin stream of the first child process, and an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') do |first_stdin, wait_threads| first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
1 bar 2 baz 3 foo
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the first child, pipes the caller’s stdout to the child’s stdin.
The method does not wait for child processes to exit, so the caller must do so.
With no block given, returns a 2-element array containing:
The stdin stream of the first child process.
An array of the wait threads for all of the child processes.
Example:
first_stdin, wait_threads = Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') # => [#<IO:fd 7>, [#<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de928278 run>, #<Process::Waiter:0x000055e8de923e80 run>]] first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end
Output:
1 bar 2 baz 3 foo
With a block given, calls the block with the stdin stream of the first child process, and an array of the wait processes:
Open3.pipeline_w('sort', 'cat -n') do |first_stdin, wait_threads| first_stdin.puts("foo\nbar\nbaz") first_stdin.close # Send EOF to sort. wait_threads.each do |wait_thread| wait_thread.join end end
Output:
1 bar 2 baz 3 foo
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the last child, to the caller’s stdout.
Waits for the child processes to exit.
Returns an array of Process::Status objects (one for each child).
Example:
wait_threads = Open3.pipeline('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<Process::Status: pid 2139200 exit 0>, #<Process::Status: pid 2139202 exit 0>]
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn‘ see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.
Basically a wrapper for Process.spawn that:
Creates a child process for each of the given cmds by calling Process.spawn.
Pipes the stdout from each child to the stdin of the next child, or, for the last child, to the caller’s stdout.
Waits for the child processes to exit.
Returns an array of Process::Status objects (one for each child).
Example:
wait_threads = Open3.pipeline('ls', 'grep R') # => [#<Process::Status: pid 2139200 exit 0>, #<Process::Status: pid 2139202 exit 0>]
Output:
Rakefile README.md
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in each call to Process.spawn; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in each call to Process.spawn‘ see Execution Options.
Each remaining argument in cmds is one of:
A command_line: a string that begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or contains one or more metacharacters.
An exe_path: the string path to an executable to be called.
An array containing a command_line or an exe_path, along with zero or more string arguments for the command.