Returns the Ruby
objects created by parsing the given source
.
Argument source
contains the String to be parsed.
Argument opts
, if given, contains a Hash of options for the parsing. See Parsing Options.
When source
is a JSON array, returns a Ruby
Array:
source = '["foo", 1.0, true, false, null]' ruby = JSON.parse(source) ruby # => ["foo", 1.0, true, false, nil] ruby.class # => Array
When source
is a JSON object, returns a Ruby
Hash:
source = '{"a": "foo", "b": 1.0, "c": true, "d": false, "e": null}' ruby = JSON.parse(source) ruby # => {"a"=>"foo", "b"=>1.0, "c"=>true, "d"=>false, "e"=>nil} ruby.class # => Hash
For examples of parsing for all JSON data types, see Parsing JSON.
Parses nested JSON
objects:
source = <<~JSON { "name": "Dave", "age" :40, "hats": [ "Cattleman's", "Panama", "Tophat" ] } JSON ruby = JSON.parse(source) ruby # => {"name"=>"Dave", "age"=>40, "hats"=>["Cattleman's", "Panama", "Tophat"]}
Raises an exception if source
is not valid JSON:
# Raises JSON::ParserError (783: unexpected token at ''): JSON.parse('')
Calls
parse(source, opts)
with source
and possibly modified opts
.
Differences from JSON.parse
:
Option max_nesting
, if not provided, defaults to false
, which disables checking for nesting depth.
Option allow_nan
, if not provided, defaults to true
.
Parse a YAML
string in yaml
. Returns the Psych::Nodes::Document
. filename
is used in the exception message if a Psych::SyntaxError
is raised.
Raises a Psych::SyntaxError
when a YAML
syntax error is detected.
Example:
Psych.parse("---\n - a\n - b") # => #<Psych::Nodes::Document:0x00> begin Psych.parse("--- `", filename: "file.txt") rescue Psych::SyntaxError => ex ex.file # => 'file.txt' ex.message # => "(file.txt): found character that cannot start any token" end
See Psych::Nodes
for more information about YAML
AST.
Returns a default parser
Returns true
if the named file has the sticky bit set.
file_name can be an IO
object.
Returns true
if the named files are identical.
file_1 and file_2 can be an IO
object.
open("a", "w") {} p File.identical?("a", "a") #=> true p File.identical?("a", "./a") #=> true File.link("a", "b") p File.identical?("a", "b") #=> true File.symlink("a", "c") p File.identical?("a", "c") #=> true open("d", "w") {} p File.identical?("a", "d") #=> false
Initiates garbage collection, even if manually disabled.
The full_mark
keyword argument determines whether or not to perform a major garbage collection cycle. When set to true
, a major garbage collection cycle is run, meaning all objects are marked. When set to false
, a minor garbage collection cycle is run, meaning only young objects are marked.
The immediate_mark
keyword argument determines whether or not to perform incremental marking. When set to true
, marking is completed during the call to this method. When set to false
, marking is performed in steps that are interleaved with future Ruby
code execution, so marking might not be completed during this method call. Note that if full_mark
is false
, then marking will always be immediate, regardless of the value of immediate_mark
.
The immediate_sweep
keyword argument determines whether or not to defer sweeping (using lazy sweep). When set to false
, sweeping is performed in steps that are interleaved with future Ruby
code execution, so sweeping might not be completed during this method call. When set to true
, sweeping is completed during the call to this method.
Note: These keyword arguments are implementation and version-dependent. They are not guaranteed to be future-compatible and may be ignored if the underlying implementation does not support them.
Prints the amount of time the supplied block takes to run using the debug UI output.
Set
the default parser instance.
Returns a new URI object constructed from the given string uri
:
URI.parse('https://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top') # => #<URI::HTTPS https://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top> URI.parse('http://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top') # => #<URI::HTTP http://john.doe@www.example.com:123/forum/questions/?tag=networking&order=newest#top>
It’s recommended to first ::escape string uri
if it may contain invalid URI
characters.
Mirror the Prism.parse
API by using the serialization API.
Perform an operation in a block, raising an error if it takes longer than sec
seconds to complete.
sec
Number of seconds to wait for the block to terminate. Any non-negative number or nil may be used, including Floats to specify fractional seconds. A value of 0 or nil
will execute the block without any timeout. Any negative number will raise an ArgumentError
.
klass
Exception
Class
to raise if the block fails to terminate in sec
seconds. Omitting will use the default, Timeout::Error
message
Error
message to raise with Exception
Class
. Omitting will use the default, “execution expired”
Returns the result of the block if the block completed before sec
seconds, otherwise throws an exception, based on the value of klass
.
The exception thrown to terminate the given block cannot be rescued inside the block unless klass
is given explicitly. However, the block can use ensure to prevent the handling of the exception. For that reason, this method cannot be relied on to enforce timeouts for untrusted blocks.
If a scheduler is defined, it will be used to handle the timeout by invoking Scheduler#timeout_after.
Note that this is both a method of module Timeout
, so you can include Timeout
into your classes so they have a timeout
method, as well as a module method, so you can call it directly as Timeout.timeout()
.
Perform an operation in a block, raising an error if it takes longer than sec
seconds to complete.
sec
Number of seconds to wait for the block to terminate. Any non-negative number or nil may be used, including Floats to specify fractional seconds. A value of 0 or nil
will execute the block without any timeout. Any negative number will raise an ArgumentError
.
klass
Exception
Class
to raise if the block fails to terminate in sec
seconds. Omitting will use the default, Timeout::Error
message
Error
message to raise with Exception
Class
. Omitting will use the default, “execution expired”
Returns the result of the block if the block completed before sec
seconds, otherwise throws an exception, based on the value of klass
.
The exception thrown to terminate the given block cannot be rescued inside the block unless klass
is given explicitly. However, the block can use ensure to prevent the handling of the exception. For that reason, this method cannot be relied on to enforce timeouts for untrusted blocks.
If a scheduler is defined, it will be used to handle the timeout by invoking Scheduler#timeout_after.
Note that this is both a method of module Timeout
, so you can include Timeout
into your classes so they have a timeout
method, as well as a module method, so you can call it directly as Timeout.timeout()
.
Returns the scheduling priority for specified process, process group, or user.
Argument kind
is one of:
Process::PRIO_PROCESS
: return priority for process.
Process::PRIO_PGRP
: return priority for process group.
Process::PRIO_USER
: return priority for user.
Argument id
is the ID for the process, process group, or user; zero specified the current ID for kind
.
Examples:
Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0) # => 19 Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0) # => 19
Not available on all platforms.
See Process.getpriority
.
Examples:
Process.setpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0, 19) # => 0 Process.setpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 19) # => 0 Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0) # => 19 Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0) # => 19
Not available on all platforms.
Returns a Process::Tms
structure that contains user and system CPU times for the current process, and for its children processes:
Process.times # => #<struct Process::Tms utime=55.122118, stime=35.533068, cutime=0.0, cstime=0.002846>
The precision is platform-defined.
in foo | bar
Returns the full name of this Gem
(see ‘Gem::BasicSpecification#full_name`). Information about where the gem is installed is also included if not installed in the default GEM_HOME.
Add the –clear-sources option
Returns a relative path from the given base_directory
to the receiver.
If self
is absolute, then base_directory
must be absolute too.
If self
is relative, then base_directory
must be relative too.
This method doesn’t access the filesystem. It assumes no symlinks.
ArgumentError
is raised when it cannot find a relative path.
Note that this method does not handle situations where the case sensitivity of the filesystem in use differs from the operating system default.