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Listens for connections, using the specified int as the backlog. A call to listen only applies if the socket is of type SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_SEQPACKET.

Parameter

Example 1

require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
socket.bind( sockaddr )
socket.listen( 5 )

Example 2 (listening on an arbitrary port, unix-based systems only):

require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
socket.listen( 1 )

Unix-based Exceptions

On unix based systems the above will work because a new sockaddr struct is created on the address ADDR_ANY, for an arbitrary port number as handed off by the kernel. It will not work on Windows, because Windows requires that the socket is bound by calling bind before it can listen.

If the backlog amount exceeds the implementation-dependent maximum queue length, the implementation’s maximum queue length will be used.

On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:

Windows Exceptions

On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:

See

Use Addrinfo.getaddrinfo instead. This method is deprecated for the following reasons:

This method lookups host information by hostname.

TCPSocket.gethostbyname("localhost")
#=> ["localhost", ["hal"], 2, "127.0.0.1"]

Appends the given string to the underlying buffer string. The stream must be opened for writing. If the argument is not a string, it will be converted to a string using to_s. Returns the number of bytes written. See IO#write.

Truncates the buffer string to at most integer bytes. The stream must be opened for writing.

No documentation available

Attempts to [match] the given pattern anywhere (at any [position]) n the [target substring]; does not modify the [positions].

If the match succeeds:

scanner = StringScanner.new('foobarbazbatbam')
scanner.pos = 6
scanner.exist?(/bat/) # => 6
put_match_values(scanner)
# Basic match values:
#   matched?:       true
#   matched_size:   3
#   pre_match:      "foobarbaz"
#   matched  :      "bat"
#   post_match:     "bam"
# Captured match values:
#   size:           1
#   captures:       []
#   named_captures: {}
#   values_at:      ["bat", nil]
#   []:
#     [0]:          "bat"
#     [1]:          nil
put_situation(scanner)
# Situation:
#   pos:       6
#   charpos:   6
#   rest:      "bazbatbam"
#   rest_size: 9

If the match fails:

scanner.exist?(/nope/)         # => nil
match_values_cleared?(scanner) # => true

Returns the ‘rest’ of the [stored string] (all after the current [position]), which is the [target substring]:

scanner = StringScanner.new('foobarbaz')
scanner.rest # => "foobarbaz"
scanner.pos = 3
scanner.rest # => "barbaz"
scanner.terminate
scanner.rest # => ""

Associates the given object with the given key; returns object.

Searches for a hash key equivalent to the given key; see Hash Key Equivalence.

If the key is found, replaces its value with the given object; the ordering is not affected (see Entry Order):

h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
h[:foo] = 2 # => 2
h[:foo]     # => 2

If key is not found, creates a new entry for the given key and object; the new entry is last in the order (see Entry Order):

h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
h[:baz] = 2 # => 2
h[:baz]     # => 2
h           # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}

Related: []; see also Methods for Assigning.

Creates, updates, or deletes the named environment variable, returning the value. Both name and value may be instances of String. See Valid Names and Values.

Raises an exception if name or value is invalid. See Invalid Names and Values.

Writes each of the given objects if inplace mode.

Writes the given objects to the stream; returns nil. Appends the output record separator $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR ($\), if it is not nil. See Line IO.

With argument objects given, for each object:

With default separators:

f = File.open('t.tmp', 'w+')
objects = [0, 0.0, Rational(0, 1), Complex(0, 0), :zero, 'zero']
p $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR
p $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR
f.print(*objects)
f.rewind
p f.read
f.close

Output:

nil
nil
"00.00/10+0izerozero"

With specified separators:

$\ = "\n"
$, = ','
f.rewind
f.print(*objects)
f.rewind
p f.read

Output:

"0,0.0,0/1,0+0i,zero,zero\n"

With no argument given, writes the content of $_ (which is usually the most recent user input):

f = File.open('t.tmp', 'w+')
gets # Sets $_ to the most recent user input.
f.print
f.close

Formats and writes objects to the stream.

For details on format_string, see Format Specifications.

Sets the current file to the next file in ARGV. If there aren’t any more files it has no effect.

For example:

$ ruby argf.rb foo bar
ARGF.filename  #=> "foo"
ARGF.skip
ARGF.filename  #=> "bar"

Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv4 address.

Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv6 address.

Returns true if the ipaddr is a private address. IPv4 addresses in 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16 as defined in RFC 1918 and IPv6 Unique Local Addresses in fc00::/7 as defined in RFC 4193 are considered private. Private IPv4 addresses in the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address range are also considered private.

Puts option summary into to and returns to. Yields each line if a block is given.

to

Output destination, which must have method <<. Defaults to [].

width

Width of left side, defaults to @summary_width.

max

Maximum length allowed for left side, defaults to width - 1.

indent

Indentation, defaults to @summary_indent.

Increases left margin after newline with indent for line breaks added in the block.

Callback invoked whenever a subclass of the current class is created.

Example:

class Foo
  def self.inherited(subclass)
    puts "New subclass: #{subclass}"
  end
end

class Bar < Foo
end

class Baz < Bar
end

produces:

New subclass: Bar
New subclass: Baz

Returns the number of mandatory arguments. If the block is declared to take no arguments, returns 0. If the block is known to take exactly n arguments, returns n. If the block has optional arguments, returns -n-1, where n is the number of mandatory arguments, with the exception for blocks that are not lambdas and have only a finite number of optional arguments; in this latter case, returns n. Keyword arguments will be considered as a single additional argument, that argument being mandatory if any keyword argument is mandatory. A proc with no argument declarations is the same as a block declaring || as its arguments.

proc {}.arity                  #=>  0
proc { || }.arity              #=>  0
proc { |a| }.arity             #=>  1
proc { |a, b| }.arity          #=>  2
proc { |a, b, c| }.arity       #=>  3
proc { |*a| }.arity            #=> -1
proc { |a, *b| }.arity         #=> -2
proc { |a, *b, c| }.arity      #=> -3
proc { |x:, y:, z:0| }.arity   #=>  1
proc { |*a, x:, y:0| }.arity   #=> -2

proc   { |a=0| }.arity         #=>  0
lambda { |a=0| }.arity         #=> -1
proc   { |a=0, b| }.arity      #=>  1
lambda { |a=0, b| }.arity      #=> -2
proc   { |a=0, b=0| }.arity    #=>  0
lambda { |a=0, b=0| }.arity    #=> -1
proc   { |a, b=0| }.arity      #=>  1
lambda { |a, b=0| }.arity      #=> -2
proc   { |(a, b), c=0| }.arity #=>  1
lambda { |(a, b), c=0| }.arity #=> -2
proc   { |a, x:0, y:0| }.arity #=>  1
lambda { |a, x:0, y:0| }.arity #=> -2

Returns an indication of the number of arguments accepted by a method. Returns a nonnegative integer for methods that take a fixed number of arguments. For Ruby methods that take a variable number of arguments, returns -n-1, where n is the number of required arguments. Keyword arguments will be considered as a single additional argument, that argument being mandatory if any keyword argument is mandatory. For methods written in C, returns -1 if the call takes a variable number of arguments.

class C
  def one;    end
  def two(a); end
  def three(*a);  end
  def four(a, b); end
  def five(a, b, *c);    end
  def six(a, b, *c, &d); end
  def seven(a, b, x:0); end
  def eight(x:, y:); end
  def nine(x:, y:, **z); end
  def ten(*a, x:, y:); end
end
c = C.new
c.method(:one).arity     #=> 0
c.method(:two).arity     #=> 1
c.method(:three).arity   #=> -1
c.method(:four).arity    #=> 2
c.method(:five).arity    #=> -3
c.method(:six).arity     #=> -3
c.method(:seven).arity   #=> -3
c.method(:eight).arity   #=> 1
c.method(:nine).arity    #=> 1
c.method(:ten).arity     #=> -2

"cat".method(:size).arity      #=> 0
"cat".method(:replace).arity   #=> 1
"cat".method(:squeeze).arity   #=> -1
"cat".method(:count).arity     #=> -1

Returns an indication of the number of arguments accepted by a method. Returns a nonnegative integer for methods that take a fixed number of arguments. For Ruby methods that take a variable number of arguments, returns -n-1, where n is the number of required arguments. Keyword arguments will be considered as a single additional argument, that argument being mandatory if any keyword argument is mandatory. For methods written in C, returns -1 if the call takes a variable number of arguments.

class C
  def one;    end
  def two(a); end
  def three(*a);  end
  def four(a, b); end
  def five(a, b, *c);    end
  def six(a, b, *c, &d); end
  def seven(a, b, x:0); end
  def eight(x:, y:); end
  def nine(x:, y:, **z); end
  def ten(*a, x:, y:); end
end
c = C.new
c.method(:one).arity     #=> 0
c.method(:two).arity     #=> 1
c.method(:three).arity   #=> -1
c.method(:four).arity    #=> 2
c.method(:five).arity    #=> -3
c.method(:six).arity     #=> -3
c.method(:seven).arity   #=> -3
c.method(:eight).arity   #=> 1
c.method(:nine).arity    #=> 1
c.method(:ten).arity     #=> -2

"cat".method(:size).arity      #=> 0
"cat".method(:replace).arity   #=> 1
"cat".method(:squeeze).arity   #=> -1
"cat".method(:count).arity     #=> -1

Returns an array of all existing Thread objects that belong to this group.

ThreadGroup::Default.list   #=> [#<Thread:0x401bdf4c run>]

Basically the same as ::new. However, if class Thread is subclassed, then calling start in that subclass will not invoke the subclass’s initialize method.

Stops execution of the current thread, putting it into a “sleep” state, and schedules execution of another thread.

a = Thread.new { print "a"; Thread.stop; print "c" }
sleep 0.1 while a.status!='sleep'
print "b"
a.run
a.join
#=> "abc"
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