Returns true if the set and the given enumerable have at least one element in common.
Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? Set[4, 5] #=> false Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? Set[3, 4] #=> true Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? 4..5 #=> false Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? [3, 4] #=> true
Returns a string created by converting each element of the set to a string.
Returns a new set containing elements common to the set and the given enumerable object.
Set[1, 3, 5] & Set[3, 2, 1] #=> #<Set: {3, 1}> Set['a', 'b', 'z'] & ['a', 'b', 'c'] #=> #<Set: {"a", "b"}>
Replaces the elements with ones returned by collect
. Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
Returns a string representation of self
:
Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip) # => Customer joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345) joe.inspect # => "#<struct Customer name=\"Joe Smith\", address=\"123 Maple, Anytown NC\", zip=12345>"
Returns a string representation of self
(including the leading colon):
:foo.inspect # => ":foo"
Related: Symbol#to_s
, Symbol#name
.
Equivalent to self.to_s.match
, including possible updates to global variables; see String#match
.
Equivalent to sym.to_s.match?
; see String#match
.
Equivalent to self.to_s.encoding
; see String#encoding
.
Returns true
if self
points to a mountpoint.
Joins the given pathnames onto self
to create a new Pathname
object. This is effectively the same as using Pathname#+
to append self
and all arguments sequentially.
path0 = Pathname.new("/usr") # Pathname:/usr path0 = path0.join("bin/ruby") # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby # is the same as path1 = Pathname.new("/usr") + "bin/ruby" # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby path0 == path1 #=> true
Iterates over the directory tree in a depth first manner, yielding a Pathname
for each file under “this” directory.
Returns an Enumerator
if no block is given.
Since it is implemented by the standard library module Find
, Find.prune
can be used to control the traversal.
If self
is .
, yielded pathnames begin with a filename in the current directory, not ./
.
See Find.find
Returns all the bytes from the file, or the first N
if specified.
See File.binread
.
Removes a file or directory, using File.unlink
if self
is a file, or Dir.unlink
as necessary.
This method is called when strong warning is produced by the parser. fmt
and args
is printf style.
Binds to the given local address.
local_sockaddr
- the struct
sockaddr contained in a string or an Addrinfo
object
require 'socket' # use Addrinfo socket = Socket.new(:INET, :STREAM, 0) socket.bind(Addrinfo.tcp("127.0.0.1", 2222)) p socket.local_address #=> #<Addrinfo: 127.0.0.1:2222 TCP> # use struct sockaddr include Socket::Constants socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' ) socket.bind( sockaddr )
On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to bind fails:
Errno::EACCES - the specified sockaddr is protected and the current user does not have permission to bind to it
Errno::EADDRINUSE - the specified sockaddr is already in use
Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the specified sockaddr is not available from the local machine
Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT - the specified sockaddr is not a valid address for the family of the calling socket
Errno::EBADF - the sockaddr specified is not a valid file descriptor
Errno::EFAULT - the sockaddr argument cannot be accessed
Errno::EINVAL - the socket
is already bound to an address, and the protocol does not support binding to the new sockaddr or the socket
has been shut down.
Errno::EINVAL - the address length is not a valid length for the address family
Errno::ENAMETOOLONG - the pathname resolved had a length which exceeded PATH_MAX
Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
Errno::ENOSR - there were insufficient STREAMS resources available to complete the operation
Errno::ENOTSOCK - the socket
does not refer to a socket
Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the socket type of the socket
does not support binding to an address
On unix-based based systems if the address family of the calling socket
is Socket::AF_UNIX the follow exceptions may be raised if the call to bind fails:
Errno::EACCES - search permission is denied for a component of the prefix path or write access to the socket
is denied
Errno::EDESTADDRREQ - the sockaddr argument is a null pointer
Errno::EISDIR - same as Errno::EDESTADDRREQ
Errno::EIO - an i/o error occurred
Errno::ELOOP - too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname in sockaddr
Errno::ENAMETOOLLONG - a component of a pathname exceeded NAME_MAX characters, or an entire pathname exceeded PATH_MAX characters
Errno::ENOENT - a component of the pathname does not name an existing file or the pathname is an empty string
Errno::ENOTDIR - a component of the path prefix of the pathname in sockaddr is not a directory
Errno::EROFS - the name would reside on a read only filesystem
On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to bind fails:
Errno::ENETDOWN– the network is down
Errno::EACCES - the attempt to connect the datagram socket to the broadcast address failed
Errno::EADDRINUSE - the socket’s local address is already in use
Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the specified address is not a valid address for this computer
Errno::EFAULT - the socket’s internal address or address length parameter is too small or is not a valid part of the user space addressed
Errno::EINVAL - the socket
is already bound to an address
Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
Errno::ENOTSOCK - the socket
argument does not refer to a socket
bind manual pages on unix-based systems
bind function in Microsoft’s Winsock functions reference
Obtains address information for nodename:servname.
Note that Addrinfo.getaddrinfo
provides the same functionality in an object oriented style.
family should be an address family such as: :INET, :INET6, etc.
socktype should be a socket type such as: :STREAM, :DGRAM, :RAW, etc.
protocol should be a protocol defined in the family, and defaults to 0 for the family.
flags should be bitwise OR of Socket::AI_* constants.
Socket.getaddrinfo("www.ruby-lang.org", "http", nil, :STREAM) #=> [["AF_INET", 80, "carbon.ruby-lang.org", "221.186.184.68", 2, 1, 6]] # PF_INET/SOCK_STREAM/IPPROTO_TCP Socket.getaddrinfo("localhost", nil) #=> [["AF_INET", 0, "localhost", "127.0.0.1", 2, 1, 6], # PF_INET/SOCK_STREAM/IPPROTO_TCP # ["AF_INET", 0, "localhost", "127.0.0.1", 2, 2, 17], # PF_INET/SOCK_DGRAM/IPPROTO_UDP # ["AF_INET", 0, "localhost", "127.0.0.1", 2, 3, 0]] # PF_INET/SOCK_RAW/IPPROTO_IP
reverse_lookup directs the form of the third element, and has to be one of below. If reverse_lookup is omitted, the default value is nil
.
+true+, +:hostname+: hostname is obtained from numeric address using reverse lookup, which may take a time. +false+, +:numeric+: hostname is the same as numeric address. +nil+: obey to the current +do_not_reverse_lookup+ flag.
If Addrinfo
object is preferred, use Addrinfo.getaddrinfo
.
Obtains name information for sockaddr.
sockaddr should be one of follows.
packed sockaddr string such as Socket.sockaddr_in
(80, “127.0.0.1”)
3-elements array such as [“AF_INET”, 80, “127.0.0.1”]
4-elements array such as [“AF_INET”, 80, ignored, “127.0.0.1”]
flags should be bitwise OR of Socket::NI_* constants.
Note: The last form is compatible with IPSocket#addr
and IPSocket#peeraddr
.
Socket.getnameinfo(Socket.sockaddr_in(80, "127.0.0.1")) #=> ["localhost", "www"] Socket.getnameinfo(["AF_INET", 80, "127.0.0.1"]) #=> ["localhost", "www"] Socket.getnameinfo(["AF_INET", 80, "localhost", "127.0.0.1"]) #=> ["localhost", "www"]
If Addrinfo
object is preferred, use Addrinfo#getnameinfo
.
Return a string describing this IPSocket
object.
creates a socket bound to self.
If a block is given, it is called with the socket and the value of the block is returned. The socket is returned otherwise.
Addrinfo.udp("0.0.0.0", 9981).bind {|s| s.local_address.connect {|s| s.send "hello", 0 } p s.recv(10) #=> "hello" }