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Search the encoding with specified name. name should be a string.

Encoding.find("US-ASCII")  #=> #<Encoding:US-ASCII>

Names which this method accept are encoding names and aliases including following special aliases

“external”

default external encoding

“internal”

default internal encoding

“locale”

locale encoding

“filesystem”

filesystem encoding

An ArgumentError is raised when no encoding with name. Only Encoding.find("internal") however returns nil when no encoding named “internal”, in other words, when Ruby has no default internal encoding.

Rewinds the enumeration sequence to the beginning.

If the enclosed object responds to a “rewind” method, it is called.

Creates a printable version of e.

Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of obj. The default inspect shows the object’s class name, an encoding of its memory address, and a list of the instance variables and their values (by calling inspect on each of them). User defined classes should override this method to provide a better representation of obj. When overriding this method, it should return a string whose encoding is compatible with the default external encoding.

[ 1, 2, 3..4, 'five' ].inspect   #=> "[1, 2, 3..4, \"five\"]"
Time.new.inspect                 #=> "2008-03-08 19:43:39 +0900"

class Foo
end
Foo.new.inspect                  #=> "#<Foo:0x0300c868>"

class Bar
  def initialize
    @bar = 1
  end
end
Bar.new.inspect                  #=> "#<Bar:0x0300c868 @bar=1>"

Returns a string representation of self:

x = RuntimeError.new('Boom')
x.inspect # => "#<RuntimeError: Boom>"
x = RuntimeError.new
x.inspect # => "#<RuntimeError: RuntimeError>"

Return the matchee associated with this NoMatchingPatternKeyError exception.

Invokes Module.append_features on each parameter in reverse order.

Refine mod in the receiver.

Returns a module, where refined methods are defined.

Import class refinements from module into the current class or module definition.

Returns an array of Refinement defined within the receiver.

module A
  refine Integer do
  end

  refine String do
  end
end

p A.refinements

produces:

[#<refinement:Integer@A>, #<refinement:String@A>]

Returns the list of Modules nested at the point of call.

module M1
  module M2
    $a = Module.nesting
  end
end
$a           #=> [M1::M2, M1]
$a[0].name   #=> "M1::M2"

Callback invoked whenever the receiver is included in another module or class. This should be used in preference to Module.append_features if your code wants to perform some action when a module is included in another.

module A
  def A.included(mod)
    puts "#{self} included in #{mod}"
  end
end
module Enumerable
  include A
end
 # => prints "A included in Enumerable"

Returns true if module is included or prepended in mod or one of mod’s ancestors.

module A
end
class B
  include A
end
class C < B
end
B.include?(A)   #=> true
C.include?(A)   #=> true
A.include?(A)   #=> false

Returns a string representing this module or class. For basic classes and modules, this is the name. For singletons, we show information on the thing we’re attached to as well.

Returns a new Date object formed fom the arguments.

With no arguments, returns the date for January 1, -4712:

Date.ordinal.to_s # => "-4712-01-01"

With argument year, returns the date for January 1 of that year:

Date.ordinal(2001).to_s  # => "2001-01-01"
Date.ordinal(-2001).to_s # => "-2001-01-01"

With positive argument yday == n, returns the date for the nth day of the given year:

Date.ordinal(2001, 14).to_s # => "2001-01-14"

With negative argument yday, counts backward from the end of the year:

Date.ordinal(2001, -14).to_s # => "2001-12-18"

Raises an exception if yday is zero or out of range.

See argument start.

Related: Date.jd, Date.new.

Returns a hash of values parsed from string, which should be a valid XML date format:

d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
s = d.xmlschema    # => "2001-02-03"
Date._xmlschema(s) # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}

See argument limit.

Related: Date.xmlschema (returns a Date object).

Returns a new Date object with values parsed from string, which should be a valid XML date format:

d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3)
s = d.xmlschema   # => "2001-02-03"
Date.xmlschema(s) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>

See:

• Argument start.

• Argument limit.

Related: Date._xmlschema (returns a hash).

Returns a string representation of self:

Date.new(2001, 2, 3).inspect
# => "#<Date: 2001-02-03 ((2451944j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>"

Equivalent to strftime with argument '%Y-%m-%d' (or its shorthand form '%F');

Date.new(2001, 2, 3).iso8601 # => "2001-02-03"

Creates a DateTime object denoting the given ordinal date.

DateTime.ordinal(2001,34) #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T00:00:00+00:00 ...>
DateTime.ordinal(2001,34,4,5,6,'+7')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
DateTime.ordinal(2001,-332,-20,-55,-54,'+7')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>

Creates a new DateTime object by parsing from a string according to some typical XML Schema formats.

DateTime.xmlschema('2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00')
                          #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>

Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than limit. You can stop this check by passing limit: nil, but note that it may take a long time to parse.

This method is equivalent to strftime(‘%FT%T%:z’). The optional argument n is the number of digits for fractional seconds.

DateTime.parse('2001-02-03T04:05:06.123456789+07:00').iso8601(9)
                          #=> "2001-02-03T04:05:06.123456789+07:00"

Parses time as a dateTime defined by the XML Schema and converts it to a Time object. The format is a restricted version of the format defined by ISO 8601.

ArgumentError is raised if time is not compliant with the format or if the Time class cannot represent the specified time.

See xmlschema for more information on this format.

require 'time'

Time.xmlschema("2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00")
#=> 2011-10-05 22:26:12-04:00

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

Returns a string which represents the time as a dateTime defined by XML Schema:

CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD
CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sssTZD

where TZD is Z or [+-]hh:mm.

If self is a UTC time, Z is used as TZD. [+-]hh:mm is used otherwise.

fraction_digits specifies a number of digits to use for fractional seconds. Its default value is 0.

require 'time'

t = Time.now
t.iso8601  # => "2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00"

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

Returns a string representation of self with subseconds:

t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0.5)
t.inspect # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +000001"

Related: Time#ctime, Time#to_s:

t.ctime   # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.to_s    # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59 +0000"