Calls the block with each entry name in self:
Dir.new('example').each {|entry_name| p entry_name }
Output:
"." ".." "config.h" "lib" "main.rb"
With no block given, returns an Enumerator.
Returns an array of the entry names in self except for '.' and '..':
dir = Dir.new('/example') dir.children # => ["config.h", "lib", "main.rb"]
Changes the current working directory to self:
Dir.pwd # => "/" dir = Dir.new('example') dir.chdir Dir.pwd # => "/example"
With a block, temporarily changes the working directory:
Calls the block.
Changes to the given directory.
Executes the block (yields no args).
Restores the previous working directory.
Returns the block’s return value.
Uses Dir.fchdir if available, and Dir.chdir if not, see those methods for caveats.
Changes the current working directory to the directory specified by the integer file descriptor fd.
When passing a file descriptor over a UNIX socket or to a child process, using fchdir instead of chdir avoids the time-of-check to time-of-use vulnerability
With no block, changes to the directory given by fd:
Dir.chdir('/var/spool/mail') Dir.pwd # => "/var/spool/mail" dir = Dir.new('/usr') fd = dir.fileno Dir.fchdir(fd) Dir.pwd # => "/usr"
With a block, temporarily changes the working directory:
Calls the block with the argument.
Changes to the given directory.
Executes the block (yields no args).
Restores the previous working directory.
Returns the block’s return value.
Example:
Dir.chdir('/var/spool/mail') Dir.pwd # => "/var/spool/mail" dir = Dir.new('/tmp') fd = dir.fileno Dir.fchdir(fd) do Dir.pwd # => "/tmp" end Dir.pwd # => "/var/spool/mail"
This method uses the fchdir() function defined by POSIX 2008; the method is not implemented on non-POSIX platforms (raises NotImplementedError).
Raises an exception if the file descriptor is not valid.
In a multi-threaded program an error is raised if a thread attempts to open a chdir block while another thread has one open, or a call to chdir without a block occurs inside a block passed to chdir (even in the same thread).
Changes the current working directory.
With argument new_dirpath and no block, changes to the given dirpath:
Dir.pwd # => "/example" Dir.chdir('..') # => 0 Dir.pwd # => "/"
With no argument and no block:
Changes to the value of environment variable HOME if defined.
Otherwise changes to the value of environment variable LOGDIR if defined.
Otherwise makes no change.
With argument new_dirpath and a block, temporarily changes the working directory:
Calls the block with the argument.
Changes to the given directory.
Executes the block (yielding the new path).
Restores the previous working directory.
Returns the block’s return value.
Example:
Dir.chdir('/var/spool/mail') Dir.pwd # => "/var/spool/mail" Dir.chdir('/tmp') do Dir.pwd # => "/tmp" end Dir.pwd # => "/var/spool/mail"
With no argument and a block, calls the block with the current working directory (string) and returns the block’s return value.
Calls to Dir.chdir with blocks may be nested:
Dir.chdir('/var/spool/mail') Dir.pwd # => "/var/spool/mail" Dir.chdir('/tmp') do Dir.pwd # => "/tmp" Dir.chdir('/usr') do Dir.pwd # => "/usr" end Dir.pwd # => "/tmp" end Dir.pwd # => "/var/spool/mail"
In a multi-threaded program an error is raised if a thread attempts to open a chdir block while another thread has one open, or a call to chdir without a block occurs inside a block passed to chdir (even in the same thread).
Raises an exception if the target directory does not exist.
Changes the root directory of the calling process to that specified in dirpath. The new root directory is used for pathnames beginning with '/'. The root directory is inherited by all children of the calling process.
Only a privileged process may call chroot.
See Linux chroot.
Returns true if path matches against pattern. The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
*Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. Equivalent to /.*/x in regexp.
*Matches all regular files
c*Matches all files beginning with c
*cMatches all files ending with c
*c*Matches all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end).
To match hidden files (that start with a .) set the File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.
**Matches directories recursively or files expansively.
?Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp.
[set]Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]).
\Escapes the next metacharacter.
{a,b}Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled. Behaves like a Regexp union ((?:a|b)).
flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_XXX constants. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
Examples:
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true # match entire string File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false # only match partial string File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false # { } isn't supported by default File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true # '?' match only 1 character File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true # '*' match 0 or more characters File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true # ditto File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true # inclusive bracket expression File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false # case sensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true # case insensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_SYSCASE) #=> true or false # depends on the system default File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true # escaped ordinary remains ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true # can escape inside bracket expression File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true # period by default. File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true File.fnmatch('**/*.rb', 'main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**/*.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**/*.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true File.fnmatch('**/foo', 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch('**/foo', '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch('**/foo', 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch('**/foo', 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch('**/foo', 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
Changes permission bits on the named file(s) to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are operating system dependent (see the beginning of this section). On Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Returns the number of files processed.
File.chmod(0644, "testfile", "out") #=> 2
Changes the owner and group of the named file(s) to the given numeric owner and group id’s. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file’s group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Returns the number of files processed.
File.chown(nil, 100, "testfile")
Equivalent to File::chmod, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the permissions associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available.
Equivalent to File::chown, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the owner associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available. Returns number of files in the argument list.
Creates a symbolic link called new_name for the existing file old_name. Raises a NotImplemented exception on platforms that do not support symbolic links.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0
Changes permission bits on file to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Follows symbolic links. Also see File#lchmod.
f = File.new("out", "w"); f.chmod(0644) #=> 0
Changes the owner and group of file to the given numeric owner and group id’s. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file’s group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Follows symbolic links. See also File#lchown.
File.new("testfile").chown(502, 1000)
Returns true if filepath points to a symbolic link, false otherwise:
symlink = File.symlink('t.txt', 'symlink') File.symlink?('symlink') # => true File.symlink?('t.txt') # => false
Returns true if filepath points to a character device, false otherwise.
File.chardev?($stdin) # => true File.chardev?('t.txt') # => false
Iterates over the block according to how this Enumerator was constructed. If no block and no arguments are given, returns self.
"Hello, world!".scan(/\w+/) #=> ["Hello", "world"] "Hello, world!".to_enum(:scan, /\w+/).to_a #=> ["Hello", "world"] "Hello, world!".to_enum(:scan).each(/\w+/).to_a #=> ["Hello", "world"] obj = Object.new def obj.each_arg(a, b=:b, *rest) yield a yield b yield rest :method_returned end enum = obj.to_enum :each_arg, :a, :x enum.each.to_a #=> [:a, :x, []] enum.each.equal?(enum) #=> true enum.each { |elm| elm } #=> :method_returned enum.each(:y, :z).to_a #=> [:a, :x, [:y, :z]] enum.each(:y, :z).equal?(enum) #=> false enum.each(:y, :z) { |elm| elm } #=> :method_returned
Return the matchee associated with this NoMatchingPatternKeyError exception.
Returns a hash of values parsed from string, which should be a valid XML date format:
d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) s = d.xmlschema # => "2001-02-03" Date._xmlschema(s) # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
See argument limit.
Related: Date.xmlschema (returns a Date object).
Returns a new Date object with values parsed from string, which should be a valid XML date format:
d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3) s = d.xmlschema # => "2001-02-03" Date.xmlschema(s) # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
See:
Argument start.
Argument limit.
Related: Date._xmlschema (returns a hash).
Equivalent to strftime with argument '%Y-%m-%d' (or its shorthand form '%F');
Date.new(2001, 2, 3).iso8601 # => "2001-02-03"
Creates a new DateTime object by parsing from a string according to some typical XML Schema formats.
DateTime.xmlschema('2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than limit. You can stop this check by passing limit: nil, but note that it may take a long time to parse.
This method is equivalent to strftime(‘%FT%T%:z’). The optional argument n is the number of digits for fractional seconds.
DateTime.parse('2001-02-03T04:05:06.123456789+07:00').iso8601(9) #=> "2001-02-03T04:05:06.123456789+07:00"
Parses time as a dateTime defined by the XML Schema and converts it to a Time object. The format is a restricted version of the format defined by ISO 8601.
ArgumentError is raised if time is not compliant with the format or if the Time class cannot represent the specified time.
See xmlschema for more information on this format.
require 'time' Time.xmlschema("2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00") #=> 2011-10-05 22:26:12-04:00
You must require ‘time’ to use this method.