Results for: "slice"

IO#readline

Reads a line as with IO#gets, but raises EOFError if already at end-of-stream.

Optional keyword argument chomp specifies whether line separators are to be omitted.

Rational#ceil

Returns the smallest number greater than or equal to rat with a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).

When the precision is negative, the returned value is an integer with at least ndigits.abs trailing zeros.

Returns a rational when ndigits is positive, otherwise returns an integer.

Rational(3).ceil      #=> 3
Rational(2, 3).ceil   #=> 1
Rational(-3, 2).ceil  #=> -1

  #    decimal      -  1  2  3 . 4  5  6
  #                   ^  ^  ^  ^   ^  ^
  #   precision      -3 -2 -1  0  +1 +2

Rational('-123.456').ceil(+1).to_f  #=> -123.4
Rational('-123.456').ceil(-1)       #=> -120

Rational#rationalize

Returns a simpler approximation of the value if the optional argument eps is given (rat-|eps| <= result <= rat+|eps|), self otherwise.

r = Rational(5033165, 16777216)
r.rationalize                    #=> (5033165/16777216)
r.rationalize(Rational('0.01'))  #=> (3/10)
r.rationalize(Rational('0.1'))   #=> (1/3)

Regexp#source

Returns the original string of self:

/ab+c/ix.source # => "ab+c"

Regexp escape sequences are retained:

/\x20\+/.source  # => "\\x20\\+"

Lexer escape characters are not retained:

/\//.source  # => "/"

Set#replace

Replaces the contents of the set with the contents of the given enumerable object and returns self.

set = Set[1, 'c', :s]             #=> #<Set: {1, "c", :s}>
set.replace([1, 2])               #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
set                               #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>

Set#difference

Returns a new set built by duplicating the set, removing every element that appears in the given enumerable object.

Set[1, 3, 5] - Set[1, 5]                #=> #<Set: {3}>
Set['a', 'b', 'z'] - ['a', 'c']         #=> #<Set: {"b", "z"}>

Symbol#capitalize

Equivalent to sym.to_s.capitalize.to_sym.

See String#capitalize.

Pathname#descend

Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object for each element in the given path in descending order.

Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
   #<Pathname:/>
   #<Pathname:/path>
   #<Pathname:/path/to>
   #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
   #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>

Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
   #<Pathname:path>
   #<Pathname:path/to>
   #<Pathname:path/to/some>
   #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").descend
  # ... do stuff ...
enum.each { |e| ... }
  # yields Pathnames /, /usr, /usr/bin, and /usr/bin/ruby.

It doesn’t access the filesystem.

Pathname#ascend

Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object for each element in the given path in ascending order.

Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
   #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
   #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
   #<Pathname:/path/to>
   #<Pathname:/path>
   #<Pathname:/>

Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
   #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>
   #<Pathname:path/to/some>
   #<Pathname:path/to>
   #<Pathname:path>

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").ascend
  # ... do stuff ...
enum.each { |e| ... }
  # yields Pathnames /usr/bin/ruby, /usr/bin, /usr, and /.

It doesn’t access the filesystem.

Pathname#readlines

Returns all the lines from the file.

See File.readlines.

Pathname#readlink

Read symbolic link.

See File.readlink.

Pathname#split

Returns the dirname and the basename in an Array.

See File.split.

Pathname#sticky?

See FileTest.sticky?.

Pathname#symlink?

See FileTest.symlink?.

Pathname#unlink

Removes a file or directory, using File.unlink if self is a file, or Dir.unlink as necessary.

Socket#listen

Listens for connections, using the specified int as the backlog. A call to listen only applies if the socket is of type SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_SEQPACKET.

Parameter

Example 1 

require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
socket.bind( sockaddr )
socket.listen( 5 )

Example 2 (listening on an arbitrary port, unix-based systems only): 

require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
socket.listen( 1 )

Unix-based Exceptions

On unix based systems the above will work because a new sockaddr struct is created on the address ADDR_ANY, for an arbitrary port number as handed off by the kernel. It will not work on Windows, because Windows requires that the socket is bound by calling bind before it can listen.

If the backlog amount exceeds the implementation-dependent maximum queue length, the implementation’s maximum queue length will be used.

On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:

Windows Exceptions

On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:

See

Socket#accept

Accepts a next connection. Returns a new Socket object and Addrinfo object.

serv = Socket.new(:INET, :STREAM, 0)
serv.listen(5)
c = Socket.new(:INET, :STREAM, 0)
c.connect(serv.connect_address)
p serv.accept #=> [#<Socket:fd 6>, #<Addrinfo: 127.0.0.1:48555 TCP>]

Socket#sysaccept

Accepts an incoming connection returning an array containing the (integer) file descriptor for the incoming connection, client_socket_fd, and an Addrinfo, client_addrinfo.

Example 

# In one script, start this first
require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
socket.bind( sockaddr )
socket.listen( 5 )
client_fd, client_addrinfo = socket.sysaccept
client_socket = Socket.for_fd( client_fd )
puts "The client said, '#{client_socket.readline.chomp}'"
client_socket.puts "Hello from script one!"
socket.close

# In another script, start this second
require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
socket.connect( sockaddr )
socket.puts "Hello from script 2."
puts "The server said, '#{socket.readline.chomp}'"
socket.close

Refer to Socket#accept for the exceptions that may be thrown if the call to sysaccept fails.

See

Addrinfo#listen

creates a listening socket bound to self.

TCPServer#accept

Accepts an incoming connection. It returns a new TCPSocket object.

TCPServer.open("127.0.0.1", 14641) {|serv|
  s = serv.accept
  s.puts Time.now
  s.close
}

TCPServer#sysaccept

Returns a file descriptor of a accepted connection.

TCPServer.open("127.0.0.1", 28561) {|serv|
  fd = serv.sysaccept
  s = IO.for_fd(fd)
  s.puts Time.now
  s.close
}

TCPServer#listen

Listens for connections, using the specified int as the backlog. A call to listen only applies if the socket is of type SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_SEQPACKET.

Parameter

Example 1 

require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
socket.bind( sockaddr )
socket.listen( 5 )

Example 2 (listening on an arbitrary port, unix-based systems only): 

require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
socket.listen( 1 )

Unix-based Exceptions

On unix based systems the above will work because a new sockaddr struct is created on the address ADDR_ANY, for an arbitrary port number as handed off by the kernel. It will not work on Windows, because Windows requires that the socket is bound by calling bind before it can listen.

If the backlog amount exceeds the implementation-dependent maximum queue length, the implementation’s maximum queue length will be used.

On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:

Windows Exceptions

On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:

See

UNIXServer#accept

Accepts an incoming connection. It returns a new UNIXSocket object.

UNIXServer.open("/tmp/sock") {|serv|
  UNIXSocket.open("/tmp/sock") {|c|
    s = serv.accept
    s.puts "hi"
    s.close
    p c.read #=> "hi\n"
  }
}

UNIXServer#sysaccept

Accepts a new connection. It returns the new file descriptor which is an integer.

UNIXServer.open("/tmp/sock") {|serv|
  UNIXSocket.open("/tmp/sock") {|c|
    fd = serv.sysaccept
    s = IO.new(fd)
    s.puts "hi"
    s.close
    p c.read #=> "hi\n"
  }
}

UNIXServer#listen

Listens for connections, using the specified int as the backlog. A call to listen only applies if the socket is of type SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_SEQPACKET.

Parameter

Example 1 

require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
socket.bind( sockaddr )
socket.listen( 5 )

Example 2 (listening on an arbitrary port, unix-based systems only): 

require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
socket.listen( 1 )

Unix-based Exceptions

On unix based systems the above will work because a new sockaddr struct is created on the address ADDR_ANY, for an arbitrary port number as handed off by the kernel. It will not work on Windows, because Windows requires that the socket is bound by calling bind before it can listen.

If the backlog amount exceeds the implementation-dependent maximum queue length, the implementation’s maximum queue length will be used.

On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:

Windows Exceptions

On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:

See

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