Returns the value associated with the given key if found.
If key is not found, returns nil.
Returns the value associated with the given key if found.
If key is not found, returns nil.
Returns the function mapped to name, that was created by either Fiddle::Importer.extern or Fiddle::Importer.bind
Get the value for the parameter with a given key.
If the parameter has multiple values, only the first will be retrieved; use params to get the array of values.
Returns the string field value for the case-insensitive field key, or nil if there is no such key; see Fields:
res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1') res['Connection'] # => "keep-alive" res['Nosuch'] # => nil
Note that some field values may be retrieved via convenience methods; see Getters.
Returns a string containing the IP address representation in canonical form.
Splits str into an array of tokens in the same way the UNIX Bourne shell does.
See Shellwords.shellsplit for details.
Escapes str so that it can be safely used in a Bourne shell command line.
See Shellwords.shellescape for details.
Extracts data from self.
If block is not given, forming objects that become the elements of a new array, and returns that array. Otherwise, yields each object.
See Packed Data.
Like String#unpack, but unpacks and returns only the first extracted object. See Packed Data.
Returns a new String that is a copy of string.
With no arguments, returns the empty string with the Encoding ASCII-8BIT:
s = String.new s # => "" s.encoding # => #<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>
With optional argument string and no keyword arguments, returns a copy of string with the same encoding:
String.new('foo') # => "foo" String.new('тест') # => "тест" String.new('こんにちは') # => "こんにちは"
(Unlike String.new, a string literal like '' or a string literal always has script encoding.)
With optional keyword argument encoding, returns a copy of string with the specified encoding; the encoding may be an Encoding object, an encoding name, or an encoding name alias:
String.new('foo', encoding: Encoding::US_ASCII).encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII> String.new('foo', encoding: 'US-ASCII').encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII> String.new('foo', encoding: 'ASCII').encoding # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
The given encoding need not be valid for the string’s content, and that validity is not checked:
s = String.new('こんにちは', encoding: 'ascii') s.valid_encoding? # => false
But the given encoding itself is checked:
String.new('foo', encoding: 'bar') # Raises ArgumentError.
With optional keyword argument capacity, returns a copy of string (or an empty string, if string is not given); the given capacity is advisory only, and may or may not set the size of the internal buffer, which may in turn affect performance:
String.new(capacity: 1) String.new('foo', capacity: 4096)
Note that Ruby strings are null-terminated internally, so the internal buffer size will be one or more bytes larger than the requested capacity depending on the encoding.
The string, encoding, and capacity arguments may all be used together:
String.new('hello', encoding: 'UTF-8', capacity: 25)
Compares self and other_string, returning:
-1 if other_string is larger.
0 if the two are equal.
1 if other_string is smaller.
nil if the two are incomparable.
Examples:
'foo' <=> 'foo' # => 0 'foo' <=> 'food' # => -1 'food' <=> 'foo' # => 1 'FOO' <=> 'foo' # => -1 'foo' <=> 'FOO' # => 1 'foo' <=> 1 # => nil
Returns true if object has the same length and content; as self; false otherwise:
s = 'foo' s == 'foo' # => true s == 'food' # => false s == 'FOO' # => false
Returns false if the two strings’ encodings are not compatible:
"\u{e4 f6 fc}".encode("ISO-8859-1") == ("\u{c4 d6 dc}") # => false
If object is not an instance of String but responds to to_str, then the two strings are compared using object.==.
Returns true if object has the same length and content; as self; false otherwise:
s = 'foo' s == 'foo' # => true s == 'food' # => false s == 'FOO' # => false
Returns false if the two strings’ encodings are not compatible:
"\u{e4 f6 fc}".encode("ISO-8859-1") == ("\u{c4 d6 dc}") # => false
If object is not an instance of String but responds to to_str, then the two strings are compared using object.==.
Returns true if object has the same length and content; as self; false otherwise:
s = 'foo' s.eql?('foo') # => true s.eql?('food') # => false s.eql?('FOO') # => false
Returns false if the two strings’ encodings are not compatible:
"\u{e4 f6 fc}".encode("ISO-8859-1").eql?("\u{c4 d6 dc}") # => false
Returns the integer hash value for self. The value is based on the length, content and encoding of self.
Related: Object#hash.
Compares self.downcase and other_string.downcase; returns:
-1 if other_string.downcase is larger.
0 if the two are equal.
1 if other_string.downcase is smaller.
nil if the two are incomparable.
Examples:
'foo'.casecmp('foo') # => 0 'foo'.casecmp('food') # => -1 'food'.casecmp('foo') # => 1 'FOO'.casecmp('foo') # => 0 'foo'.casecmp('FOO') # => 0 'foo'.casecmp(1) # => nil
See Case Mapping.
Related: String#casecmp?.
Returns true if self and other_string are equal after Unicode case folding, otherwise false:
'foo'.casecmp?('foo') # => true 'foo'.casecmp?('food') # => false 'food'.casecmp?('foo') # => false 'FOO'.casecmp?('foo') # => true 'foo'.casecmp?('FOO') # => true
Returns nil if the two values are incomparable:
'foo'.casecmp?(1) # => nil
See Case Mapping.
Related: String#casecmp.
Returns a new String containing other_string concatenated to self:
"Hello from " + self.to_s # => "Hello from main"
Returns a new String containing integer copies of self:
"Ho! " * 3 # => "Ho! Ho! Ho! " "Ho! " * 0 # => ""
Returns the result of formatting object into the format specification self (see Kernel#sprintf for formatting details):
"%05d" % 123 # => "00123"
If self contains multiple substitutions, object must be an Array or Hash containing the values to be substituted:
"%-5s: %016x" % [ "ID", self.object_id ] # => "ID : 00002b054ec93168" "foo = %{foo}" % {foo: 'bar'} # => "foo = bar" "foo = %{foo}, baz = %{baz}" % {foo: 'bar', baz: 'bat'} # => "foo = bar, baz = bat"
Returns the count of characters (not bytes) in self:
'foo'.length # => 3 'тест'.length # => 4 'こんにちは'.length # => 5
Contrast with String#bytesize:
'foo'.bytesize # => 3 'тест'.bytesize # => 8 'こんにちは'.bytesize # => 15
Returns the count of bytes (not characters) in self:
'foo'.bytesize # => 3 'тест'.bytesize # => 8 'こんにちは'.bytesize # => 15
Contrast with String#length:
'foo'.length # => 3 'тест'.length # => 4 'こんにちは'.length # => 5
Returns true if the length of self is zero, false otherwise:
"hello".empty? # => false " ".empty? # => false "".empty? # => true