Invoked by IO#pread or IO::Buffer#pread to read length bytes from io at offset from into a specified buffer (see IO::Buffer) at the given offset.
This method is semantically the same as io_read, but it allows to specify the offset to read from and is often better for asynchronous IO on the same file.
The method should be considered experimental.
Invoked by IO#pwrite or IO::Buffer#pwrite to write length bytes to io at offset from into a specified buffer (see IO::Buffer) at the given offset.
This method is semantically the same as io_write, but it allows to specify the offset to write to and is often better for asynchronous IO on the same file.
The method should be considered experimental.
Invoked by Kernel#sleep and Mutex#sleep and is expected to provide an implementation of sleeping in a non-blocking way. Implementation might register the current fiber in some list of “which fiber wait until what moment”, call Fiber.yield to pass control, and then in close resume the fibers whose wait period has elapsed.
Returns the number of threads waiting on the queue.
Returns the number of threads waiting on the queue.
Returns the discarded bytes when Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError occurs.
ec = Encoding::Converter.new("EUC-JP", "ISO-8859-1") begin ec.convert("abc\xA1\xFFdef") rescue Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError p $! #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: "\xA1" followed by "\xFF" on EUC-JP> puts $!.error_bytes.dump #=> "\xA1" puts $!.readagain_bytes.dump #=> "\xFF" end
Returns true if the invalid byte sequence error is caused by premature end of string.
ec = Encoding::Converter.new("EUC-JP", "ISO-8859-1") begin ec.convert("abc\xA1z") rescue Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError p $! #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: "\xA1" followed by "z" on EUC-JP> p $!.incomplete_input? #=> false end begin ec.convert("abc\xA1") ec.finish rescue Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError p $! #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: incomplete "\xA1" on EUC-JP> p $!.incomplete_input? #=> true end
Returns the corresponding ASCII compatible encoding.
Returns nil if the argument is an ASCII compatible encoding.
“corresponding ASCII compatible encoding” is an ASCII compatible encoding which can represents exactly the same characters as the given ASCII incompatible encoding. So, no conversion undefined error occurs when converting between the two encodings.
Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding("ISO-2022-JP") #=> #<Encoding:stateless-ISO-2022-JP> Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding("UTF-16BE") #=> #<Encoding:UTF-8> Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding("UTF-8") #=> nil
Returns an exception object for the last conversion. Returns nil if the last conversion did not produce an error.
“error” means that Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError and Encoding::UndefinedConversionError for Encoding::Converter#convert and :invalid_byte_sequence, :incomplete_input and :undefined_conversion for Encoding::Converter#primitive_convert.
ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "iso-8859-1") p ec.primitive_convert(src="\xf1abcd", dst="") #=> :invalid_byte_sequence p ec.last_error #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: "\xF1" followed by "a" on UTF-8> p ec.primitive_convert(src, dst, nil, 1) #=> :destination_buffer_full p ec.last_error #=> nil
Iterates over keys and values. Note that unlike other collections, each without block isn’t supported.
Consumes size bytes from the buffer
Reads at most maxlen bytes in the non-blocking manner.
When no data can be read without blocking it raises OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError extended by IO::WaitReadable or IO::WaitWritable.
IO::WaitReadable means SSL needs to read internally so read_nonblock should be called again when the underlying IO is readable.
IO::WaitWritable means SSL needs to write internally so read_nonblock should be called again after the underlying IO is writable.
OpenSSL::Buffering#read_nonblock needs two rescue clause as follows:
# emulates blocking read (readpartial). begin result = ssl.read_nonblock(maxlen) rescue IO::WaitReadable IO.select([io]) retry rescue IO::WaitWritable IO.select(nil, [io]) retry end
Note that one reason that read_nonblock writes to the underlying IO is when the peer requests a new TLS/SSL handshake. See openssl the FAQ for more details. www.openssl.org/support/faq.html
By specifying a keyword argument exception to false, you can indicate that read_nonblock should not raise an IO::Wait*able exception, but return the symbol :wait_writable or :wait_readable instead. At EOF, it will return nil instead of raising EOFError.
Writes s in the non-blocking manner.
If there is buffered data, it is flushed first. This may block.
write_nonblock returns number of bytes written to the SSL connection.
When no data can be written without blocking it raises OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError extended by IO::WaitReadable or IO::WaitWritable.
IO::WaitReadable means SSL needs to read internally so write_nonblock should be called again after the underlying IO is readable.
IO::WaitWritable means SSL needs to write internally so write_nonblock should be called again after underlying IO is writable.
So OpenSSL::Buffering#write_nonblock needs two rescue clause as follows.
# emulates blocking write. begin result = ssl.write_nonblock(str) rescue IO::WaitReadable IO.select([io]) retry rescue IO::WaitWritable IO.select(nil, [io]) retry end
Note that one reason that write_nonblock reads from the underlying IO is when the peer requests a new TLS/SSL handshake. See the openssl FAQ for more details. www.openssl.org/support/faq.html
By specifying a keyword argument exception to false, you can indicate that write_nonblock should not raise an IO::Wait*able exception, but return the symbol :wait_writable or :wait_readable instead.
Generates a new key (pair).
If a String is given as the first argument, it generates a new random key for the algorithm specified by the name just as ::generate_parameters does. If an OpenSSL::PKey::PKey is given instead, it generates a new random key for the same algorithm as the key, using the parameters the key contains.
See ::generate_parameters for the details of options and the given block.
pkey_params = OpenSSL::PKey.generate_parameters("DSA", "dsa_paramgen_bits" => 2048) pkey_params.priv_key #=> nil pkey = OpenSSL::PKey.generate_key(pkey_params) pkey.priv_key #=> #<OpenSSL::BN 6277...
Generate an Image Button Input element as a string.
src is the URL of the image to use for the button. name is the input name. alt is the alternative text for the image.
Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
image_button("url") # <INPUT TYPE="image" SRC="url"> image_button("url", "name", "string") # <INPUT TYPE="image" SRC="url" NAME="name" ALT="string"> image_button("SRC" => "url", "ALT" => "string") # <INPUT TYPE="image" SRC="url" ALT="string">
Generate a Password Input element as a string.
name is the name of the input field. value is its default value. size is the size of the input field display. maxlength is the maximum length of the inputted password.
Alternatively, attributes can be specified as a hash.
password_field("name") # <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="name" SIZE="40"> password_field("name", "value") # <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="name" VALUE="value" SIZE="40"> password_field("password", "value", 80, 200) # <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="name" VALUE="value" SIZE="80" MAXLENGTH="200"> password_field("NAME" => "name", "VALUE" => "value") # <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="name" VALUE="value">
Generate a Select element as a string.
name is the name of the element. The values are the options that can be selected from the Select menu. Each value can be a String or a one, two, or three-element Array. If a String or a one-element Array, this is both the value of that option and the text displayed for it. If a three-element Array, the elements are the option value, displayed text, and a boolean value specifying whether this option starts as selected. The two-element version omits either the option value (defaults to the same as the display text) or the boolean selected specifier (defaults to false).
The attributes and options can also be specified as a hash. In this case, options are specified as an array of values as described above, with the hash key of “VALUES”.
popup_menu("name", "foo", "bar", "baz") # <SELECT NAME="name"> # <OPTION VALUE="foo">foo</OPTION> # <OPTION VALUE="bar">bar</OPTION> # <OPTION VALUE="baz">baz</OPTION> # </SELECT> popup_menu("name", ["foo"], ["bar", true], "baz") # <SELECT NAME="name"> # <OPTION VALUE="foo">foo</OPTION> # <OPTION VALUE="bar" SELECTED>bar</OPTION> # <OPTION VALUE="baz">baz</OPTION> # </SELECT> popup_menu("name", ["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz") # <SELECT NAME="name"> # <OPTION VALUE="1">Foo</OPTION> # <OPTION SELECTED VALUE="2">Bar</OPTION> # <OPTION VALUE="Baz">Baz</OPTION> # </SELECT> popup_menu("NAME" => "name", "SIZE" => 2, "MULTIPLE" => true, "VALUES" => [["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz"]) # <SELECT NAME="name" MULTIPLE SIZE="2"> # <OPTION VALUE="1">Foo</OPTION> # <OPTION SELECTED VALUE="2">Bar</OPTION> # <OPTION VALUE="Baz">Baz</OPTION> # </SELECT>
Generate a sequence of radio button Input elements, as a String.
This works the same as checkbox_group(). However, it is not valid to have more than one radiobutton in a group checked.
radio_group("name", "foo", "bar", "baz") # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="foo">foo # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="bar">bar # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="baz">baz radio_group("name", ["foo"], ["bar", true], "baz") # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="foo">foo # <INPUT TYPE="radio" CHECKED NAME="name" VALUE="bar">bar # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="baz">baz radio_group("name", ["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz") # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="1">Foo # <INPUT TYPE="radio" CHECKED NAME="name" VALUE="2">Bar # <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="name" VALUE="Baz">Baz radio_group("NAME" => "name", "VALUES" => ["foo", "bar", "baz"]) radio_group("NAME" => "name", "VALUES" => [["foo"], ["bar", true], "baz"]) radio_group("NAME" => "name", "VALUES" => [["1", "Foo"], ["2", "Bar", true], "Baz"])
Calls the block with each key/value pair:
res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1') res.each_header do |key, value| p [key, value] if key.start_with?('c') end
Output:
["content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8"] ["connection", "keep-alive"] ["cache-control", "max-age=43200"] ["cf-cache-status", "HIT"] ["cf-ray", "771d17e9bc542cf5-ORD"]
Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
Net::HTTPHeader#each is an alias for Net::HTTPHeader#each_header.