Render a template on a new toplevel binding with local variables specified by a Hash object.
Creates an option from the given parameters params. See Parameters for New Options.
The block, if given, is the handler for the created option. When the option is encountered during command-line parsing, the block is called with the argument given for the option, if any. See Option Handlers.
Defines options which set in to options for keyword parameters of method.
Parameters for each keywords are given as elements of params.
Returns the status of the global “abort on exception” condition.
The default is false.
When set to true, if any thread is aborted by an exception, the raised exception will be re-raised in the main thread.
Can also be specified by the global $DEBUG flag or command line option -d.
See also ::abort_on_exception=.
There is also an instance level method to set this for a specific thread, see abort_on_exception.
When set to true, if any thread is aborted by an exception, the raised exception will be re-raised in the main thread. Returns the new state.
Thread.abort_on_exception = true t1 = Thread.new do puts "In new thread" raise "Exception from thread" end sleep(1) puts "not reached"
This will produce:
In new thread prog.rb:4: Exception from thread (RuntimeError) from prog.rb:2:in `initialize' from prog.rb:2:in `new' from prog.rb:2
See also ::abort_on_exception.
There is also an instance level method to set this for a specific thread, see abort_on_exception=.
Returns the value of a thread local variable that has been set. Note that these are different than fiber local values. For fiber local values, please see Thread#[] and Thread#[]=.
Thread local values are carried along with threads, and do not respect fibers. For example:
Thread.new { Thread.current.thread_variable_set("foo", "bar") # set a thread local Thread.current["foo"] = "bar" # set a fiber local Fiber.new { Fiber.yield [ Thread.current.thread_variable_get("foo"), # get the thread local Thread.current["foo"], # get the fiber local ] }.resume }.join.value # => ['bar', nil]
The value “bar” is returned for the thread local, where nil is returned for the fiber local. The fiber is executed in the same thread, so the thread local values are available.
Sets a thread local with key to value. Note that these are local to threads, and not to fibers. Please see Thread#thread_variable_get and Thread#[] for more information.
Returns the status of the thread-local “abort on exception” condition for this thr.
The default is false.
See also abort_on_exception=.
There is also a class level method to set this for all threads, see ::abort_on_exception.
When set to true, if this thr is aborted by an exception, the raised exception will be re-raised in the main thread.
See also abort_on_exception.
There is also a class level method to set this for all threads, see ::abort_on_exception=.
Return the native thread ID which is used by the Ruby thread.
The ID depends on the OS. (not POSIX thread ID returned by pthread_self(3))
On Linux it is TID returned by gettid(2).
On macOS it is the system-wide unique integral ID of thread returned by pthread_threadid_np(3).
On FreeBSD it is the unique integral ID of the thread returned by pthread_getthreadid_np(3).
On Windows it is the thread identifier returned by GetThreadId().
On other platforms, it raises NotImplementedError.
NOTE: If the thread is not associated yet or already deassociated with a native thread, it returns nil. If the Ruby implementation uses M:N thread model, the ID may change depending on the timing.
Return all reachable objects from ‘obj’.
This method returns all reachable objects from ‘obj’.
If ‘obj’ has two or more references to the same object ‘x’, then returned array only includes one ‘x’ object.
If ‘obj’ is a non-markable (non-heap management) object such as true, false, nil, symbols and Fixnums (and Flonum) then it simply returns nil.
If ‘obj’ has references to an internal object, then it returns instances of ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper class. This object contains a reference to an internal object and you can check the type of internal object with ‘type’ method.
If ‘obj’ is instance of ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper class, then this method returns all reachable object from an internal object, which is pointed by ‘obj’.
With this method, you can find memory leaks.
This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
Example:
ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'b', 'c']) #=> [Array, 'a', 'b', 'c'] ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'a', 'a']) #=> [Array, 'a', 'a', 'a'] # all 'a' strings have different object id ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from([v = 'a', v, v]) #=> [Array, 'a'] ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(1) #=> nil # 1 is not markable (heap managed) object
Returns information about the most recent garbage collection.
If the argument hash is given and is a Hash object, it is overwritten and returned. This is intended to avoid the probe effect.
If the argument key is given and is a Symbol object, it returns the value associated with the key. This is equivalent to GC.latest_gc_info[key].
Returns a list of paths matching glob from the latest gems that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems. For example:
Gem.find_latest_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end
if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_latest_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.
Unlike find_files, find_latest_files will return only files from the latest version of a gem.
Returns the latest release version of RubyGems.
Regexp for require-able plugin suffixes.
Deduce Ruby’s –program-prefix and –program-suffix from its install name
Default options for gem commands for Ruby packagers.
The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.
Example:
def self.operating_system_defaults
{
'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}
end
Returns whether or not the struct of type type contains member. If it does not, or the struct type can’t be found, then false is returned. You may optionally specify additional headers in which to look for the struct (in addition to the common header files).
If found, a macro is passed as a preprocessor constant to the compiler using the type name and the member name, in uppercase, prepended with HAVE_.
For example, if have_struct_member('struct foo', 'bar') returned true, then the HAVE_STRUCT_FOO_BAR preprocessor macro would be passed to the compiler.
HAVE_ST_BAR is also defined for backward compatibility.
Returns a URL-encoded string derived from the given Enumerable enum.
The result is suitable for use as form data for an HTTP request whose Content-Type is 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'.
The returned string consists of the elements of enum, each converted to one or more URL-encoded strings, and all joined with character '&'.
Simple examples:
URI.encode_www_form([['foo', 0], ['bar', 1], ['baz', 2]]) # => "foo=0&bar=1&baz=2" URI.encode_www_form({foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}) # => "foo=0&bar=1&baz=2"
The returned string is formed using method URI.encode_www_form_component, which converts certain characters:
URI.encode_www_form('f#o': '/', 'b-r': '$', 'b z': '@') # => "f%23o=%2F&b-r=%24&b+z=%40"
When enum is Array-like, each element ele is converted to a field:
If ele is an array of two or more elements, the field is formed from its first two elements (and any additional elements are ignored):
name = URI.encode_www_form_component(ele[0], enc) value = URI.encode_www_form_component(ele[1], enc) "#{name}=#{value}"
Examples:
URI.encode_www_form([%w[foo bar], %w[baz bat bah]]) # => "foo=bar&baz=bat" URI.encode_www_form([['foo', 0], ['bar', :baz, 'bat']]) # => "foo=0&bar=baz"
If ele is an array of one element, the field is formed from ele[0]:
URI.encode_www_form_component(ele[0])
Example:
URI.encode_www_form([['foo'], [:bar], [0]]) # => "foo&bar&0"
Otherwise the field is formed from ele:
URI.encode_www_form_component(ele)
Example:
URI.encode_www_form(['foo', :bar, 0]) # => "foo&bar&0"
The elements of an Array-like enum may be mixture:
URI.encode_www_form([['foo', 0], ['bar', 1, 2], ['baz'], :bat]) # => "foo=0&bar=1&baz&bat"
When enum is Hash-like, each key/value pair is converted to one or more fields:
If value is Array-convertible, each element ele in value is paired with key to form a field:
name = URI.encode_www_form_component(key, enc) value = URI.encode_www_form_component(ele, enc) "#{name}=#{value}"
Example:
URI.encode_www_form({foo: [:bar, 1], baz: [:bat, :bam, 2]}) # => "foo=bar&foo=1&baz=bat&baz=bam&baz=2"
Otherwise, key and value are paired to form a field:
name = URI.encode_www_form_component(key, enc) value = URI.encode_www_form_component(value, enc) "#{name}=#{value}"
Example:
URI.encode_www_form({foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}) # => "foo=0&bar=1&baz=2"
The elements of a Hash-like enum may be mixture:
URI.encode_www_form({foo: [0, 1], bar: 2}) # => "foo=0&foo=1&bar=2"
Returns name/value pairs derived from the given string str, which must be an ASCII string.
The method may be used to decode the body of Net::HTTPResponse object res for which res['Content-Type'] is 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'.
The returned data is an array of 2-element subarrays; each subarray is a name/value pair (both are strings). Each returned string has encoding enc, and has had invalid characters removed via String#scrub.
A simple example:
URI.decode_www_form('foo=0&bar=1&baz') # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", ""]]
The returned strings have certain conversions, similar to those performed in URI.decode_www_form_component:
URI.decode_www_form('f%23o=%2F&b-r=%24&b+z=%40') # => [["f#o", "/"], ["b-r", "$"], ["b z", "@"]]
The given string may contain consecutive separators:
URI.decode_www_form('foo=0&&bar=1&&baz=2') # => [["foo", "0"], ["", ""], ["bar", "1"], ["", ""], ["baz", "2"]]
A different separator may be specified:
URI.decode_www_form('foo=0--bar=1--baz', separator: '--') # => [["foo", "0"], ["bar", "1"], ["baz", ""]]
Mirror the Prism.parse_file_failure? API by using the serialization API.
Returns strongly connected components as an array of arrays of nodes. The array is sorted from children to parents. Each elements of the array represents a strongly connected component.
class G include TSort def initialize(g) @g = g end def tsort_each_child(n, &b) @g[n].each(&b) end def tsort_each_node(&b) @g.each_key(&b) end end graph = G.new({1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]}) p graph.strongly_connected_components #=> [[4], [2], [3], [1]] graph = G.new({1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]}) p graph.strongly_connected_components #=> [[4], [2, 3], [1]]
Returns strongly connected components as an array of arrays of nodes. The array is sorted from children to parents. Each elements of the array represents a strongly connected component.
The graph is represented by each_node and each_child. each_node should have call method which yields for each node in the graph. each_child should have call method which takes a node argument and yields for each child node.
g = {1=>[2, 3], 2=>[4], 3=>[2, 4], 4=>[]} each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) } each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) } p TSort.strongly_connected_components(each_node, each_child) #=> [[4], [2], [3], [1]] g = {1=>[2], 2=>[3, 4], 3=>[2], 4=>[]} each_node = lambda {|&b| g.each_key(&b) } each_child = lambda {|n, &b| g[n].each(&b) } p TSort.strongly_connected_components(each_node, each_child) #=> [[4], [2, 3], [1]]