Returns a string which represents the encoding for programmers.
Encoding::UTF_8.inspect #=> "#<Encoding:UTF-8>" Encoding::ISO_2022_JP.inspect #=> "#<Encoding:ISO-2022-JP (dummy)>"
Returns the list of loaded encodings.
Encoding.list #=> [#<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:ISO-2022-JP (dummy)>] Encoding.find("US-ASCII") #=> #<Encoding:US-ASCII> Encoding.list #=> [#<Encoding:ASCII-8BIT>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>, #<Encoding:US-ASCII>, #<Encoding:ISO-2022-JP (dummy)>]
Checks the compatibility of two objects.
If the objects are both strings they are compatible when they are concatenatable. The encoding of the concatenated string will be returned if they are compatible, nil if they are not.
Encoding.compatible?("\xa1".force_encoding("iso-8859-1"), "b") #=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1> Encoding.compatible?( "\xa1".force_encoding("iso-8859-1"), "\xa1\xa1".force_encoding("euc-jp")) #=> nil
If the objects are non-strings their encodings are compatible when they have an encoding and:
Either encoding is US-ASCII compatible
One of the encodings is a 7-bit encoding
Creates a printable version of e.
Returns a Digest subclass by name in a thread-safe manner even when on-demand loading is involved.
require 'digest' Digest("MD5") # => Digest::MD5 Digest(:SHA256) # => Digest::SHA256 Digest(:Foo) # => LoadError: library not found for class Digest::Foo -- digest/foo
Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of obj. The default inspect shows the object’s class name, an encoding of its memory address, and a list of the instance variables and their values (by calling inspect on each of them). User defined classes should override this method to provide a better representation of obj. When overriding this method, it should return a string whose encoding is compatible with the default external encoding.
[ 1, 2, 3..4, 'five' ].inspect #=> "[1, 2, 3..4, \"five\"]" Time.new.inspect #=> "2008-03-08 19:43:39 +0900" class Foo end Foo.new.inspect #=> "#<Foo:0x0300c868>" class Bar def initialize @bar = 1 end end Bar.new.inspect #=> "#<Bar:0x0300c868 @bar=1>"
Returns an exception object of the same class as self; useful for creating a similar exception, but with a different message.
With message nil, returns self:
x0 = StandardError.new('Boom') # => #<StandardError: Boom> x1 = x0.exception # => #<StandardError: Boom> x0.__id__ == x1.__id__ # => true
With string-convertible object message (even the same as the original message), returns a new exception object whose class is the same as self, and whose message is the given message:
x1 = x0.exception('Boom') # => #<StandardError: Boom> x0..equal?(x1) # => false
Returns an exception object of the same class as self; useful for creating a similar exception, but with a different message.
With message nil, returns self:
x0 = StandardError.new('Boom') # => #<StandardError: Boom> x1 = x0.exception # => #<StandardError: Boom> x0.__id__ == x1.__id__ # => true
With string-convertible object message (even the same as the original message), returns a new exception object whose class is the same as self, and whose message is the given message:
x1 = x0.exception('Boom') # => #<StandardError: Boom> x0..equal?(x1) # => false
Returns a string representation of self:
x = RuntimeError.new('Boom') x.inspect # => "#<RuntimeError: Boom>" x = RuntimeError.new x.inspect # => "#<RuntimeError: RuntimeError>"
Return the status value associated with this system exit.
Returns the list of Modules nested at the point of call.
module M1 module M2 $a = Module.nesting end end $a #=> [M1::M2, M1] $a[0].name #=> "M1::M2"
Returns a list of modules included/prepended in mod (including mod itself).
module Mod include Math include Comparable prepend Enumerable end Mod.ancestors #=> [Enumerable, Mod, Comparable, Math] Math.ancestors #=> [Math] Enumerable.ancestors #=> [Enumerable]
Returns a string representing this module or class. For basic classes and modules, this is the name. For singletons, we show information on the thing we’re attached to as well.
Synonym for $stdin.
Synonym for $stdout.
Returns a new Date object constructed from the arguments.
Argument cwyear gives the year, and should be an integer.
Argument cweek gives the index of the week within the year, and should be in range (1..53) or (-53..-1); in some years, 53 or -53 will be out-of-range; if negative, counts backward from the end of the year:
Date.commercial(2022, 1, 1).to_s # => "2022-01-03" Date.commercial(2022, 52, 1).to_s # => "2022-12-26"
Argument cwday gives the indes of the weekday within the week, and should be in range (1..7) or (-7..-1); 1 or -7 is Monday; if negative, counts backward from the end of the week:
Date.commercial(2022, 1, 1).to_s # => "2022-01-03" Date.commercial(2022, 1, -7).to_s # => "2022-01-03"
When cweek is 1:
If January 1 is a Friday, Saturday, or Sunday, the first week begins in the week after:
Date::ABBR_DAYNAMES[Date.new(2023, 1, 1).wday] # => "Sun" Date.commercial(2023, 1, 1).to_s # => "2023-01-02" Date.commercial(2023, 1, 7).to_s # => "2023-01-08"
Otherwise, the first week is the week of January 1, which may mean some of the days fall on the year before:
Date::ABBR_DAYNAMES[Date.new(2020, 1, 1).wday] # => "Wed" Date.commercial(2020, 1, 1).to_s # => "2019-12-30" Date.commercial(2020, 1, 7).to_s # => "2020-01-05"
See argument start.
Related: Date.jd, Date.new, Date.ordinal.
Returns a hash of values parsed from string according to the given format:
Date._strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d') # => {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
For other formats, see Formats for Dates and Times. (Unlike Date.strftime, does not support flags and width.)
See also strptime(3).
Related: Date.strptime (returns a Date object).
Returns a new Date object with values parsed from string, according to the given format:
Date.strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d') # => #<Date: 2001-02-03> Date.strptime('03-02-2001', '%d-%m-%Y') # => #<Date: 2001-02-03> Date.strptime('2001-034', '%Y-%j') # => #<Date: 2001-02-03> Date.strptime('2001-W05-6', '%G-W%V-%u') # => #<Date: 2001-02-03> Date.strptime('2001 04 6', '%Y %U %w') # => #<Date: 2001-02-03> Date.strptime('2001 05 6', '%Y %W %u') # => #<Date: 2001-02-03> Date.strptime('sat3feb01', '%a%d%b%y') # => #<Date: 2001-02-03>
For other formats, see Formats for Dates and Times. (Unlike Date.strftime, does not support flags and width.)
See argument start.
See also strptime(3).
Related: Date._strptime (returns a hash).
Returns the Julian start date for calendar reform; if not an infinity, the returned value is suitable for passing to Date#jd:
d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3, Date::ITALY) s = d.start # => 2299161.0 Date.jd(s).to_s # => "1582-10-15" d = Date.new(2001, 2, 3, Date::ENGLAND) s = d.start # => 2361222.0 Date.jd(s).to_s # => "1752-09-14" Date.new(2001, 2, 3, Date::GREGORIAN).start # => -Infinity Date.new(2001, 2, 3, Date::JULIAN).start # => Infinity
See argument start.
Calls the block with specified dates; returns self.
The first date is self.
Each successive date is date + step, where step is the numeric step size in days.
The last date is the last one that is before or equal to limit, which should be a Date object.
Example:
limit = Date.new(2001, 12, 31) Date.new(2001).step(limit){|date| p date.to_s if date.mday == 31 }
Output:
"2001-01-31" "2001-03-31" "2001-05-31" "2001-07-31" "2001-08-31" "2001-10-31" "2001-12-31"
Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
Returns a string representation of self:
Date.new(2001, 2, 3).inspect # => "#<Date: 2001-02-03 ((2451944j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>"
Returns a string representation of the date in self, formatted according the given format:
Date.new(2001, 2, 3).strftime # => "2001-02-03"
For other formats, see Formats for Dates and Times.
Creates a DateTime object denoting the given week date.
DateTime.commercial(2001) #=> #<DateTime: 2001-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 ...> DateTime.commercial(2002) #=> #<DateTime: 2001-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ...> DateTime.commercial(2001,5,6,4,5,6,'+7') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and returns a hash of parsed elements. _strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.
See also strptime(3) and strftime.
Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and creates a DateTime object. strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.
DateTime.strptime('2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00', '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('03-02-2001 04:05:06 PM', '%d-%m-%Y %I:%M:%S %p') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T16:05:06+00:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('2001-W05-6T04:05:06+07:00', '%G-W%V-%uT%H:%M:%S%z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('2001 04 6 04 05 06 +7', '%Y %U %w %H %M %S %z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('2001 05 6 04 05 06 +7', '%Y %W %u %H %M %S %z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('-1', '%s') #=> #<DateTime: 1969-12-31T23:59:59+00:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('-1000', '%Q') #=> #<DateTime: 1969-12-31T23:59:59+00:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('sat3feb014pm+7', '%a%d%b%y%H%p%z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T16:00:00+07:00 ...>
See also strptime(3) and strftime.