Get the thread of the primary server.
This returns nil if there is no primary server. See primary_server.
Get the thread of the primary server.
This returns nil if there is no primary server. See primary_server.
Changes permissions on the entries at the paths given in list (a single path or an array of paths) to the permissions given by mode; returns list if it is an array, [list] otherwise:
Modifies each entry that is a regular file using File.chmod.
Modifies each entry that is a symbolic link using File.lchmod.
Argument list or its elements should be interpretable as paths.
Argument mode may be either an integer or a string:
Integer mode: represents the permission bits to be set:
FileUtils.chmod(0755, 'src0.txt') FileUtils.chmod(0644, ['src0.txt', 'src0.dat'])
String mode: represents the permissions to be set:
The string is of the form [targets][[operator][perms[,perms]], where:
targets may be any combination of these letters:
'u': permissions apply to the file’s owner.
'g': permissions apply to users in the file’s group.
'o': permissions apply to other users not in the file’s group.
'a' (the default): permissions apply to all users.
operator may be one of these letters:
'+': adds permissions.
'-': removes permissions.
'=': sets (replaces) permissions.
perms (may be repeated, with separating commas) may be any combination of these letters:
'r': Read.
'w': Write.
'x': Execute (search, for a directory).
'X': Search (for a directories only; must be used with '+')
's': Uid or gid.
't': Sticky bit.
Examples:
FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', 'src1.txt') FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', '/usr/bin/ruby')
Keyword arguments:
noop: true - does not change permissions; returns nil.
verbose: true - prints an equivalent command:
FileUtils.chmod(0755, 'src0.txt', noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod(0644, ['src0.txt', 'src0.dat'], noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', 'src1.txt', noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', '/usr/bin/ruby', noop: true, verbose: true)
Output:
chmod 755 src0.txt chmod 644 src0.txt src0.dat chmod u=wrx,go=rx src1.txt chmod u=wrx,go=rx /usr/bin/ruby
Related: FileUtils.chmod_R.
Changes permissions on the entries at the paths given in list (a single path or an array of paths) to the permissions given by mode; returns list if it is an array, [list] otherwise:
Modifies each entry that is a regular file using File.chmod.
Modifies each entry that is a symbolic link using File.lchmod.
Argument list or its elements should be interpretable as paths.
Argument mode may be either an integer or a string:
Integer mode: represents the permission bits to be set:
FileUtils.chmod(0755, 'src0.txt') FileUtils.chmod(0644, ['src0.txt', 'src0.dat'])
String mode: represents the permissions to be set:
The string is of the form [targets][[operator][perms[,perms]], where:
targets may be any combination of these letters:
'u': permissions apply to the file’s owner.
'g': permissions apply to users in the file’s group.
'o': permissions apply to other users not in the file’s group.
'a' (the default): permissions apply to all users.
operator may be one of these letters:
'+': adds permissions.
'-': removes permissions.
'=': sets (replaces) permissions.
perms (may be repeated, with separating commas) may be any combination of these letters:
'r': Read.
'w': Write.
'x': Execute (search, for a directory).
'X': Search (for a directories only; must be used with '+')
's': Uid or gid.
't': Sticky bit.
Examples:
FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', 'src1.txt') FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', '/usr/bin/ruby')
Keyword arguments:
noop: true - does not change permissions; returns nil.
verbose: true - prints an equivalent command:
FileUtils.chmod(0755, 'src0.txt', noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod(0644, ['src0.txt', 'src0.dat'], noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', 'src1.txt', noop: true, verbose: true) FileUtils.chmod('u=wrx,go=rx', '/usr/bin/ruby', noop: true, verbose: true)
Output:
chmod 755 src0.txt chmod 644 src0.txt src0.dat chmod u=wrx,go=rx src1.txt chmod u=wrx,go=rx /usr/bin/ruby
Related: FileUtils.chmod_R.
Like FileUtils.chmod, but changes permissions recursively.
Like FileUtils.chmod, but changes permissions recursively.
Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that:
Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments (except for certain entries in hash options; see below).
Returns as strings stdout_s and stderr_s the standard output and standard error of the child process.
Returns as status a Process::Status object that represents the exit status of the child process.
Returns the array [stdout_s, stderr_s, status]:
stdout_s, stderr_s, status = Open3.capture3('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2281954 exit 0>]
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit before returning, so the caller need not do so.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Options.
The hash options is given; two options have local effect in method Open3.capture3:
If entry options[:stdin_data] exists, the entry is removed and its string value is sent to the command’s standard input:
Open3.capture3('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # => ["Foo", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2319575 exit 0>]
If entry options[:binmode] exists, the entry is removed and the internal streams are set to binary mode.
The single required argument is one of the following:
command_line if it is a string, and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or if it contains one or more metacharacters.
exe_path otherwise.
Argument command_line
String argument command_line is a command line to be passed to a shell; it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, or contain meta characters:
Open3.capture3('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282025 exit 0>] Open3.capture3('echo') # Built-in. # => ["\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282092 exit 0>] Open3.capture3('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # => ["", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282110 exit 0>]
The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command:
Open3.capture3('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282092 exit 0>]
Argument exe_path
Argument exe_path is one of the following:
The string path to an executable to be called.
A 2-element array containing the path to an executable and the string to be used as the name of the executing process.
Example:
Open3.capture3('/usr/bin/date') # => ["Thu Sep 28 05:03:51 PM CDT 2023\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282300 exit 0>]
Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion:
Open3.capture3('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT
If one or more args is given, each is an argument or option to be passed to the executable:
Open3.capture3('echo', 'C #') # => ["C #\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282368 exit 0>] Open3.capture3('echo', 'hello', 'world') # => ["hello world\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282372 exit 0>]
Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that:
Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments (except for certain entries in hash options; see below).
Returns as strings stdout_s and stderr_s the standard output and standard error of the child process.
Returns as status a Process::Status object that represents the exit status of the child process.
Returns the array [stdout_s, stderr_s, status]:
stdout_s, stderr_s, status = Open3.capture3('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2281954 exit 0>]
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit before returning, so the caller need not do so.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Options.
The hash options is given; two options have local effect in method Open3.capture3:
If entry options[:stdin_data] exists, the entry is removed and its string value is sent to the command’s standard input:
Open3.capture3('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # => ["Foo", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2319575 exit 0>]
If entry options[:binmode] exists, the entry is removed and the internal streams are set to binary mode.
The single required argument is one of the following:
command_line if it is a string, and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or if it contains one or more metacharacters.
exe_path otherwise.
Argument command_line
String argument command_line is a command line to be passed to a shell; it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, or contain meta characters:
Open3.capture3('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282025 exit 0>] Open3.capture3('echo') # Built-in. # => ["\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282092 exit 0>] Open3.capture3('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # => ["", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282110 exit 0>]
The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command:
Open3.capture3('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282092 exit 0>]
Argument exe_path
Argument exe_path is one of the following:
The string path to an executable to be called.
A 2-element array containing the path to an executable and the string to be used as the name of the executing process.
Example:
Open3.capture3('/usr/bin/date') # => ["Thu Sep 28 05:03:51 PM CDT 2023\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282300 exit 0>]
Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion:
Open3.capture3('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT
If one or more args is given, each is an argument or option to be passed to the executable:
Open3.capture3('echo', 'C #') # => ["C #\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282368 exit 0>] Open3.capture3('echo', 'hello', 'world') # => ["hello world\n", "", #<Process::Status: pid 2282372 exit 0>]
Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that:
Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments (except for certain entries in hash options; see below).
Returns as string stdout_s the standard output of the child process.
Returns as status a Process::Status object that represents the exit status of the child process.
Returns the array [stdout_s, status]:
stdout_s, status = Open3.capture2('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326047 exit 0>]
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit before returning, so the caller need not do so.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Options.
The hash options is given; two options have local effect in method Open3.capture2:
If entry options[:stdin_data] exists, the entry is removed and its string value is sent to the command’s standard input:
Open3.capture2('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # => ["Foo", #<Process::Status: pid 2326087 exit 0>]
If entry options[:binmode] exists, the entry is removed and the internal streams are set to binary mode.
The single required argument is one of the following:
command_line if it is a string, and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or if it contains one or more metacharacters.
exe_path otherwise.
Argument command_line
String argument command_line is a command line to be passed to a shell; it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, or contain meta characters:
Open3.capture2('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326131 exit 0>] Open3.capture2('echo') # Built-in. # => ["\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326139 exit 0>] Open3.capture2('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # => ["", #<Process::Status: pid 2326174 exit 0>]
The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command:
Open3.capture2('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326183 exit 0>]
Argument exe_path
Argument exe_path is one of the following:
The string path to an executable to be called.
A 2-element array containing the path to an executable and the string to be used as the name of the executing process.
Example:
Open3.capture2('/usr/bin/date') # => ["Fri Sep 29 01:00:39 PM CDT 2023\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326222 exit 0>]
Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion:
Open3.capture2('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT
If one or more args is given, each is an argument or option to be passed to the executable:
Open3.capture2('echo', 'C #') # => ["C #\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326267 exit 0>] Open3.capture2('echo', 'hello', 'world') # => ["hello world\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326299 exit 0>]
Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that:
Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments (except for certain entries in hash options; see below).
Returns as string stdout_s the standard output of the child process.
Returns as status a Process::Status object that represents the exit status of the child process.
Returns the array [stdout_s, status]:
stdout_s, status = Open3.capture2('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326047 exit 0>]
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit before returning, so the caller need not do so.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Options.
The hash options is given; two options have local effect in method Open3.capture2:
If entry options[:stdin_data] exists, the entry is removed and its string value is sent to the command’s standard input:
Open3.capture2('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # => ["Foo", #<Process::Status: pid 2326087 exit 0>]
If entry options[:binmode] exists, the entry is removed and the internal streams are set to binary mode.
The single required argument is one of the following:
command_line if it is a string, and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or if it contains one or more metacharacters.
exe_path otherwise.
Argument command_line
String argument command_line is a command line to be passed to a shell; it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, or contain meta characters:
Open3.capture2('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326131 exit 0>] Open3.capture2('echo') # Built-in. # => ["\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326139 exit 0>] Open3.capture2('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # => ["", #<Process::Status: pid 2326174 exit 0>]
The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command:
Open3.capture2('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326183 exit 0>]
Argument exe_path
Argument exe_path is one of the following:
The string path to an executable to be called.
A 2-element array containing the path to an executable and the string to be used as the name of the executing process.
Example:
Open3.capture2('/usr/bin/date') # => ["Fri Sep 29 01:00:39 PM CDT 2023\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326222 exit 0>]
Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion:
Open3.capture2('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT
If one or more args is given, each is an argument or option to be passed to the executable:
Open3.capture2('echo', 'C #') # => ["C #\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326267 exit 0>] Open3.capture2('echo', 'hello', 'world') # => ["hello world\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326299 exit 0>]
Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that:
Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments (except for certain entries in hash options; see below).
Returns as string stdout_and_stderr_s the merged standard output and standard error of the child process.
Returns as status a Process::Status object that represents the exit status of the child process.
Returns the array [stdout_and_stderr_s, status]:
stdout_and_stderr_s, status = Open3.capture2e('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371692 exit 0>]
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit before returning, so the caller need not do so.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Options.
The hash options is given; two options have local effect in method Open3.capture2e:
If entry options[:stdin_data] exists, the entry is removed and its string value is sent to the command’s standard input:
Open3.capture2e('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # => ["Foo", #<Process::Status: pid 2371732 exit 0>]
If entry options[:binmode] exists, the entry is removed and the internal streams are set to binary mode.
The single required argument is one of the following:
command_line if it is a string, and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or if it contains one or more metacharacters.
exe_path otherwise.
Argument command_line
String argument command_line is a command line to be passed to a shell; it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, or contain meta characters:
Open3.capture2e('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371740 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('echo') # Built-in. # => ["\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371774 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # => ["", #<Process::Status: pid 2371812 exit 0>]
The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command:
Open3.capture2e('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326183 exit 0>]
Argument exe_path
Argument exe_path is one of the following:
The string path to an executable to be called.
A 2-element array containing the path to an executable and the string to be used as the name of the executing process.
Example:
Open3.capture2e('/usr/bin/date') # => ["Sat Sep 30 09:01:46 AM CDT 2023\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371820 exit 0>]
Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion:
Open3.capture2e('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT
If one or more args is given, each is an argument or option to be passed to the executable:
Open3.capture2e('echo', 'C #') # => ["C #\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371856 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('echo', 'hello', 'world') # => ["hello world\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371894 exit 0>]
Basically a wrapper for Open3.popen3 that:
Creates a child process, by calling Open3.popen3 with the given arguments (except for certain entries in hash options; see below).
Returns as string stdout_and_stderr_s the merged standard output and standard error of the child process.
Returns as status a Process::Status object that represents the exit status of the child process.
Returns the array [stdout_and_stderr_s, status]:
stdout_and_stderr_s, status = Open3.capture2e('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371692 exit 0>]
Like Process.spawn, this method has potential security vulnerabilities if called with untrusted input; see Command Injection.
Unlike Process.spawn, this method waits for the child process to exit before returning, so the caller need not do so.
If the first argument is a hash, it becomes leading argument env in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Environment.
If the last argument is a hash, it becomes trailing argument options in the call to Open3.popen3; see Execution Options.
The hash options is given; two options have local effect in method Open3.capture2e:
If entry options[:stdin_data] exists, the entry is removed and its string value is sent to the command’s standard input:
Open3.capture2e('tee', stdin_data: 'Foo') # => ["Foo", #<Process::Status: pid 2371732 exit 0>]
If entry options[:binmode] exists, the entry is removed and the internal streams are set to binary mode.
The single required argument is one of the following:
command_line if it is a string, and if it begins with a shell reserved word or special built-in, or if it contains one or more metacharacters.
exe_path otherwise.
Argument command_line
String argument command_line is a command line to be passed to a shell; it must begin with a shell reserved word, begin with a special built-in, or contain meta characters:
Open3.capture2e('if true; then echo "Foo"; fi') # Shell reserved word. # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371740 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('echo') # Built-in. # => ["\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371774 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('date > date.tmp') # Contains meta character. # => ["", #<Process::Status: pid 2371812 exit 0>]
The command line may also contain arguments and options for the command:
Open3.capture2e('echo "Foo"') # => ["Foo\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2326183 exit 0>]
Argument exe_path
Argument exe_path is one of the following:
The string path to an executable to be called.
A 2-element array containing the path to an executable and the string to be used as the name of the executing process.
Example:
Open3.capture2e('/usr/bin/date') # => ["Sat Sep 30 09:01:46 AM CDT 2023\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371820 exit 0>]
Ruby invokes the executable directly, with no shell and no shell expansion:
Open3.capture2e('doesnt_exist') # Raises Errno::ENOENT
If one or more args is given, each is an argument or option to be passed to the executable:
Open3.capture2e('echo', 'C #') # => ["C #\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371856 exit 0>] Open3.capture2e('echo', 'hello', 'world') # => ["hello world\n", #<Process::Status: pid 2371894 exit 0>]
Returns a 2-element array containing the normalized signed float fraction and integer exponent of x such that:
x = fraction * 2**exponent
See IEEE 754 double-precision binary floating-point format: binary64.
Domain: [-INFINITY, INFINITY].
Range [-INFINITY, INFINITY].
Examples:
frexp(-INFINITY) # => [-Infinity, -1] frexp(-2.0) # => [-0.5, 2] frexp(-1.0) # => [-0.5, 1] frexp(0.0) # => [0.0, 0] frexp(1.0) # => [0.5, 1] frexp(2.0) # => [0.5, 2] frexp(INFINITY) # => [Infinity, -1]
Related: Math.ldexp (inverse of Math.frexp).
Gets various OpenSSL options.
Sets various OpenSSL options.
Initiates an SSL/TLS handshake with a server.
Connect to IO tcp, with context of the current certificate configuration