Returns a string created by converting each element of the set to a string See also: Array#join
Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of the set (“#<Set: {element1, element2, …}>”).
Returns a string representation of self:
Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip) # => Customer joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345) joe.inspect # => "#<struct Customer name=\"Joe Smith\", address=\"123 Maple, Anytown NC\", zip=12345>"
Returns the number of members.
Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip) joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345) joe.size #=> 3
Returns a string representation of self (including the leading colon):
:foo.inspect # => ":foo"
Related: Symbol#to_s, Symbol#name.
Equivalent to self.to_s.length; see String#length.
Returns true if self points to a mountpoint.
Joins the given pathnames onto self to create a new Pathname object. This is effectively the same as using Pathname#+ to append self and all arguments sequentially.
path0 = Pathname.new("/usr") # Pathname:/usr path0 = path0.join("bin/ruby") # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby # is the same as path1 = Pathname.new("/usr") + "bin/ruby" # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby path0 == path1 #=> true
Iterates over the directory tree in a depth first manner, yielding a Pathname for each file under “this” directory.
Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
Since it is implemented by the standard library module Find, Find.prune can be used to control the traversal.
If self is ., yielded pathnames begin with a filename in the current directory, not ./.
See Find.find
Recursively deletes a directory, including all directories beneath it.
See FileUtils.rm_rf
Returns all the bytes from the file, or the first N if specified.
See File.binread.
See File.lstat.
Removes a file or directory, using File.unlink if self is a file, or Dir.unlink as necessary.
Binds to the given local address.
local_sockaddr - the struct sockaddr contained in a string or an Addrinfo object
require 'socket' # use Addrinfo socket = Socket.new(:INET, :STREAM, 0) socket.bind(Addrinfo.tcp("127.0.0.1", 2222)) p socket.local_address #=> #<Addrinfo: 127.0.0.1:2222 TCP> # use struct sockaddr include Socket::Constants socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' ) socket.bind( sockaddr )
On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to bind fails:
Errno::EACCES - the specified sockaddr is protected and the current user does not have permission to bind to it
Errno::EADDRINUSE - the specified sockaddr is already in use
Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the specified sockaddr is not available from the local machine
Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT - the specified sockaddr is not a valid address for the family of the calling socket
Errno::EBADF - the sockaddr specified is not a valid file descriptor
Errno::EFAULT - the sockaddr argument cannot be accessed
Errno::EINVAL - the socket is already bound to an address, and the protocol does not support binding to the new sockaddr or the socket has been shut down.
Errno::EINVAL - the address length is not a valid length for the address family
Errno::ENAMETOOLONG - the pathname resolved had a length which exceeded PATH_MAX
Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
Errno::ENOSR - there were insufficient STREAMS resources available to complete the operation
Errno::ENOTSOCK - the socket does not refer to a socket
Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the socket type of the socket does not support binding to an address
On unix-based based systems if the address family of the calling socket is Socket::AF_UNIX the follow exceptions may be raised if the call to bind fails:
Errno::EACCES - search permission is denied for a component of the prefix path or write access to the socket is denied
Errno::EDESTADDRREQ - the sockaddr argument is a null pointer
Errno::EISDIR - same as Errno::EDESTADDRREQ
Errno::EIO - an i/o error occurred
Errno::ELOOP - too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname in sockaddr
Errno::ENAMETOOLLONG - a component of a pathname exceeded NAME_MAX characters, or an entire pathname exceeded PATH_MAX characters
Errno::ENOENT - a component of the pathname does not name an existing file or the pathname is an empty string
Errno::ENOTDIR - a component of the path prefix of the pathname in sockaddr is not a directory
Errno::EROFS - the name would reside on a read only filesystem
On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to bind fails:
Errno::ENETDOWN– the network is down
Errno::EACCES - the attempt to connect the datagram socket to the broadcast address failed
Errno::EADDRINUSE - the socket’s local address is already in use
Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the specified address is not a valid address for this computer
Errno::EFAULT - the socket’s internal address or address length parameter is too small or is not a valid part of the user space addressed
Errno::EINVAL - the socket is already bound to an address
Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
Errno::ENOTSOCK - the socket argument does not refer to a socket
bind manual pages on unix-based systems
bind function in Microsoft’s Winsock functions reference
Listens for connections, using the specified int as the backlog. A call to listen only applies if the socket is of type SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_SEQPACKET.
backlog - the maximum length of the queue for pending connections.
require 'socket' include Socket::Constants socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' ) socket.bind( sockaddr ) socket.listen( 5 )
require 'socket' include Socket::Constants socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) socket.listen( 1 )
On unix based systems the above will work because a new sockaddr struct is created on the address ADDR_ANY, for an arbitrary port number as handed off by the kernel. It will not work on Windows, because Windows requires that the socket is bound by calling bind before it can listen.
If the backlog amount exceeds the implementation-dependent maximum queue length, the implementation’s maximum queue length will be used.
On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:
Errno::EBADF - the socket argument is not a valid file descriptor
Errno::EDESTADDRREQ - the socket is not bound to a local address, and the protocol does not support listening on an unbound socket
Errno::EINVAL - the socket is already connected
Errno::ENOTSOCK - the socket argument does not refer to a socket
Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the socket protocol does not support listen
Errno::EACCES - the calling process does not have appropriate privileges
Errno::EINVAL - the socket has been shut down
Errno::ENOBUFS - insufficient resources are available in the system to complete the call
On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the call to listen fails:
Errno::ENETDOWN - the network is down
Errno::EADDRINUSE - the socket’s local address is already in use. This usually occurs during the execution of bind but could be delayed if the call to bind was to a partially wildcard address (involving ADDR_ANY) and if a specific address needs to be committed at the time of the call to listen
Errno::EINPROGRESS - a Windows Sockets 1.1 call is in progress or the service provider is still processing a callback function
Errno::EINVAL - the socket has not been bound with a call to bind.
Errno::EISCONN - the socket is already connected
Errno::EMFILE - no more socket descriptors are available
Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
Errno::ENOTSOC - socket is not a socket
Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the referenced socket is not a type that supports the listen method
listen manual pages on unix-based systems
listen function in Microsoft’s Winsock functions reference