Results for: "to_proc"

Process::setpriority

See Process.getpriority.

Examples:

Process.setpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0, 19)    # => 0
Process.setpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 19) # => 0
Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0)        # => 19
Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0)     # => 19

Not available on all platforms.

Process::initgroups

Sets the supplemental group access list; the new list includes:

Example:

Process.groups                # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 20, 26, 27]
Process.initgroups('me', 30)  # => [30, 6, 10, 11]
Process.groups                # => [30, 6, 10, 11]

Not available on all platforms.

Process::groups

Returns an array of the group IDs in the supplemental group access list for the current process:

Process.groups # => [4, 24, 27, 30, 46, 122, 135, 136, 1000]

These properties of the returned array are system-dependent:

Use this call to get a sorted and unique array:

Process.groups.uniq.sort

Process::groups=

Sets the supplemental group access list to the given array of group IDs.

Process.groups                     # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 20, 26, 27]
Process.groups = [27, 6, 10, 11]   # => [27, 6, 10, 11]
Process.groups                     # => [27, 6, 10, 11]

Process::maxgroups

Returns the maximum number of group IDs allowed in the supplemental group access list:

Process.maxgroups # => 32

Process::maxgroups=

Sets the maximum number of group IDs allowed in the supplemental group access list.

Array#product

Computes and returns or yields all combinations of elements from all the Arrays, including both self and other_arrays:

When no block is given, returns the combinations as an Array of Arrays:

a = [0, 1, 2]
a1 = [3, 4]
a2 = [5, 6]
p = a.product(a1)
p.size # => 6 # a.size * a1.size
p # => [[0, 3], [0, 4], [1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 3], [2, 4]]
p = a.product(a1, a2)
p.size # => 12 # a.size * a1.size * a2.size
p # => [[0, 3, 5], [0, 3, 6], [0, 4, 5], [0, 4, 6], [1, 3, 5], [1, 3, 6], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 6], [2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 6], [2, 4, 5], [2, 4, 6]]

If any argument is an empty Array, returns an empty Array.

If no argument is given, returns an Array of 1-element Arrays, each containing an element of self:

a.product # => [[0], [1], [2]]

When a block is given, yields each combination as an Array; returns self:

a.product(a1) {|combination| p combination }

Output:

[0, 3]
[0, 4]
[1, 3]
[1, 4]
[2, 3]
[2, 4]

If any argument is an empty Array, does not call the block:

a.product(a1, a2, []) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }

If no argument is given, yields each element of self as a 1-element Array:

a.product {|combination| p combination }

Output:

[0]
[1]
[2]

Enumerator::produce

Creates an infinite enumerator from any block, just called over and over. The result of the previous iteration is passed to the next one. If initial is provided, it is passed to the first iteration, and becomes the first element of the enumerator; if it is not provided, the first iteration receives nil, and its result becomes the first element of the iterator.

Raising StopIteration from the block stops an iteration.

Enumerator.produce(1, &:succ)   # => enumerator of 1, 2, 3, 4, ....

Enumerator.produce { rand(10) } # => infinite random number sequence

ancestors = Enumerator.produce(node) { |prev| node = prev.parent or raise StopIteration }
enclosing_section = ancestors.find { |n| n.type == :section }

Using ::produce together with Enumerable methods like Enumerable#detect, Enumerable#slice_after, Enumerable#take_while can provide Enumerator-based alternatives for while and until cycles:

# Find next Tuesday
require "date"
Enumerator.produce(Date.today, &:succ).detect(&:tuesday?)

# Simple lexer:
require "strscan"
scanner = StringScanner.new("7+38/6")
PATTERN = %r{\d+|[-/+*]}
Enumerator.produce { scanner.scan(PATTERN) }.slice_after { scanner.eos? }.first
# => ["7", "+", "38", "/", "6"]

Enumerator::product

Generates a new enumerator object that generates a Cartesian product of given enumerable objects. This is equivalent to Enumerator::Product.new.

e = Enumerator.product(1..3, [4, 5])
e.to_a #=> [[1, 4], [1, 5], [2, 4], [2, 5], [3, 4], [3, 5]]
e.size #=> 6

When a block is given, calls the block with each N-element array generated and returns nil.

Module#protected

With no arguments, sets the default visibility for subsequently defined methods to protected. With arguments, sets the named methods to have protected visibility. String arguments are converted to symbols. An Array of Symbols and/or Strings is also accepted. If a single argument is passed, it is returned. If no argument is passed, nil is returned. If multiple arguments are passed, the arguments are returned as an array.

If a method has protected visibility, it is callable only where self of the context is the same as the method. (method definition or instance_eval). This behavior is different from Java’s protected method. Usually private should be used.

Note that a protected method is slow because it can’t use inline cache.

To show a private method on RDoc, use :doc: instead of this.

WIN32OLE#_getproperty

Runs the early binding method to get property. The 1st argument specifies dispatch ID, the 2nd argument specifies the array of arguments, the 3rd argument specifies the array of the type of arguments.

excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
puts excel._getproperty(558, [], []) # same effect as puts excel.visible

WIN32OLE#_setproperty

Runs the early binding method to set property. The 1st argument specifies dispatch ID, the 2nd argument specifies the array of arguments, the 3rd argument specifies the array of the type of arguments.

excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
excel._setproperty(558, [true], [WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_BOOL]) # same effect as excel.visible = true

WIN32OLE#setproperty

Sets property of OLE object. When you want to set property with argument, you can use this method.

excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
excel.Visible = true
book = excel.workbooks.add
sheet = book.worksheets(1)
sheet.setproperty('Cells', 1, 2, 10) # => The B1 cell value is 10.

Process::clock_gettime

Returns a clock time as determined by POSIX function clock_gettime():

Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) # => 198.650379677

Argument clock_id should be a symbol or a constant that specifies the clock whose time is to be returned; see below.

Optional argument unit should be a symbol that specifies the unit to be used in the returned clock time; see below.

Argument clock_id

Argument clock_id specifies the clock whose time is to be returned; it may be a constant such as Process::CLOCK_REALTIME, or a symbol shorthand such as :CLOCK_REALTIME.

The supported clocks depend on the underlying operating system; this method supports the following clocks on the indicated platforms (raises Errno::EINVAL if called with an unsupported clock):

Note that SUS stands for Single Unix Specification. SUS contains POSIX and clock_gettime is defined in the POSIX part. SUS defines :CLOCK_REALTIME as mandatory but :CLOCK_MONOTONIC, :CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, and :CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID are optional.

Certain emulations are used when the given clock_id is not supported directly:

Argument unit

Optional argument unit (default :float_second) specifies the unit for the returned value.

Examples:

Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_microsecond)
# => 203605054.825
Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_millisecond)
# => 203643.696848
Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_second)
# => 203.762181929
Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :microsecond)
# => 204123212
Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :millisecond)
# => 204298
Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :nanosecond)
# => 204602286036
Process.clock_gettime(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :second)
# => 204

The underlying function, clock_gettime(), returns a number of nanoseconds. Float object (IEEE 754 double) is not enough to represent the return value for :CLOCK_REALTIME. If the exact nanoseconds value is required, use :nanosecond as the unit.

The origin (time zero) of the returned value is system-dependent, and may be, for example, system start up time, process start up time, the Epoch, etc.

The origin in :CLOCK_REALTIME is defined as the Epoch: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC; some systems count leap seconds and others don’t, so the result may vary across systems.

Process::clock_getres

Returns a clock resolution as determined by POSIX function clock_getres():

Process.clock_getres(:CLOCK_REALTIME) # => 1.0e-09

See Process.clock_gettime for the values of clock_id and unit.

Examples:

Process.clock_getres(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_microsecond) # => 0.001
Process.clock_getres(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_millisecond) # => 1.0e-06
Process.clock_getres(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_second)      # => 1.0e-09
Process.clock_getres(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :microsecond)       # => 0
Process.clock_getres(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :millisecond)       # => 0
Process.clock_getres(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :nanosecond)        # => 1
Process.clock_getres(:CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :second)            # => 0

In addition to the values for unit supported in Process.clock_gettime, this method supports :hertz, the integer number of clock ticks per second (which is the reciprocal of :float_second):

Process.clock_getres(:TIMES_BASED_CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :hertz)        # => 100.0
Process.clock_getres(:TIMES_BASED_CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, :float_second) # => 0.01

Accuracy: Note that the returned resolution may be inaccurate on some platforms due to underlying bugs. Inaccurate resolutions have been reported for various clocks including :CLOCK_MONOTONIC and :CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW on Linux, macOS, BSD or AIX platforms, when using ARM processors, or when using virtualization.

Object#protected_methods

Returns the list of protected methods accessible to obj. If the all parameter is set to false, only those methods in the receiver will be listed.

Set#proper_superset?

Returns true if the set is a proper superset of the given set.

Set#proper_subset?

Returns true if the set is a proper subset of the given set.

Socket#recvfrom_nonblock

Receives up to maxlen bytes from socket using recvfrom(2) after O_NONBLOCK is set for the underlying file descriptor. flags is zero or more of the MSG_ options. The first element of the results, mesg, is the data received. The second element, sender_addrinfo, contains protocol-specific address information of the sender.

When recvfrom(2) returns 0, Socket#recv_nonblock returns nil. In most cases it means the connection was closed, but for UDP connections it may mean an empty packet was received, as the underlying API makes it impossible to distinguish these two cases.

Parameters

Example 

# In one file, start this first
require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_in(2200, 'localhost')
socket.bind(sockaddr)
socket.listen(5)
client, client_addrinfo = socket.accept
begin # emulate blocking recvfrom
  pair = client.recvfrom_nonblock(20)
rescue IO::WaitReadable
  IO.select([client])
  retry
end
data = pair[0].chomp
puts "I only received 20 bytes '#{data}'"
sleep 1
socket.close

# In another file, start this second
require 'socket'
include Socket::Constants
socket = Socket.new(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_in(2200, 'localhost')
socket.connect(sockaddr)
socket.puts "Watch this get cut short!"
socket.close

Refer to Socket#recvfrom for the exceptions that may be thrown if the call to recvfrom_nonblock fails.

Socket#recvfrom_nonblock may raise any error corresponding to recvfrom(2) failure, including Errno::EWOULDBLOCK.

If the exception is Errno::EWOULDBLOCK or Errno::EAGAIN, it is extended by IO::WaitReadable. So IO::WaitReadable can be used to rescue the exceptions for retrying recvfrom_nonblock.

By specifying a keyword argument exception to false, you can indicate that recvfrom_nonblock should not raise an IO::WaitReadable exception, but return the symbol :wait_readable instead.

See

UDPSocket#recvfrom_nonblock

Receives up to maxlen bytes from udpsocket using recvfrom(2) after O_NONBLOCK is set for the underlying file descriptor. flags is zero or more of the MSG_ options. The first element of the results, mesg, is the data received. The second element, sender_inet_addr, is an array to represent the sender address.

When recvfrom(2) returns 0, Socket#recv_nonblock returns nil. In most cases it means the connection was closed, but it may also mean an empty packet was received, as the underlying API makes it impossible to distinguish these two cases.

Parameters

Example 

require 'socket'
s1 = UDPSocket.new
s1.bind("127.0.0.1", 0)
s2 = UDPSocket.new
s2.bind("127.0.0.1", 0)
s2.connect(*s1.addr.values_at(3,1))
s1.connect(*s2.addr.values_at(3,1))
s1.send "aaa", 0
begin # emulate blocking recvfrom
  p s2.recvfrom_nonblock(10)  #=> ["aaa", ["AF_INET", 33302, "localhost.localdomain", "127.0.0.1"]]
rescue IO::WaitReadable
  IO.select([s2])
  retry
end

Refer to Socket#recvfrom for the exceptions that may be thrown if the call to recvfrom_nonblock fails.

UDPSocket#recvfrom_nonblock may raise any error corresponding to recvfrom(2) failure, including Errno::EWOULDBLOCK.

If the exception is Errno::EWOULDBLOCK or Errno::EAGAIN, it is extended by IO::WaitReadable. So IO::WaitReadable can be used to rescue the exceptions for retrying recvfrom_nonblock.

By specifying a keyword argument exception to false, you can indicate that recvfrom_nonblock should not raise an IO::WaitReadable exception, but return the symbol :wait_readable instead.

See

Delegator#protected_methods

Returns the methods available to this delegate object as the union of this object’s and _getobj_ protected methods.

OptionParser#program_name

Program name to be emitted in error message and default banner, defaults to $0.

GC::malloc_allocations

Returns the number of malloc() allocations.

Only available if ruby was built with CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE.

WIN32OLE::Type::progids

Returns array of ProgID.

WIN32OLE::Type#progid

Returns ProgID if it exists. If not found, then returns nil.

tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Application')
puts tobj.progid  # =>   Excel.Application.9
Previous Next
Search took: 2ms  ·  Total Results: 1894