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Establishes _proc_ as the handler for tracing, or disables
tracing if the parameter is +nil+.

*Note:* this method is obsolete, please use TracePoint instead.

_proc_ takes up to six parameters:

*   an event name
*   a filename
*   a line number
*   an object id
*   a binding
*   the name of a class

_proc_ is invoked whenever an event occurs.

Events are:

+c-call+:: call a C-language routine
+c-return+:: return from a C-language routine
+call+:: call a Ruby method
+class+:: start a class or module definition
+end+:: finish a class or module definition
+line+:: execute code on a new line
+raise+:: raise an exception
+return+:: return from a Ruby method

Tracing is disabled within the context of _proc_.

    class Test
    def test
      a = 1
      b = 2
    end
    end

    set_trace_func proc { |event, file, line, id, binding, classname|
       printf "%8s %s:%-2d %10s %8s\n", event, file, line, id, classname
    }
    t = Test.new
    t.test

      line prog.rb:11               false
    c-call prog.rb:11        new    Class
    c-call prog.rb:11 initialize   Object
  c-return prog.rb:11 initialize   Object
  c-return prog.rb:11        new    Class
      line prog.rb:12               false
      call prog.rb:2        test     Test
      line prog.rb:3        test     Test
      line prog.rb:4        test     Test
    return prog.rb:4        test     Test

Note that for c-call and c-return events, the binding returned is the binding of the nearest Ruby method calling the C method, since C methods themselves do not have bindings.

Returns the last win32 Error of the current executing Thread or nil if none

Sets the last win32 Error of the current executing Thread to error

Starts tracing object allocations from the ObjectSpace extension module.

For example:

require 'objspace'

class C
  include ObjectSpace

  def foo
    trace_object_allocations do
      obj = Object.new
      p "#{allocation_sourcefile(obj)}:#{allocation_sourceline(obj)}"
    end
  end
end

C.new.foo #=> "objtrace.rb:8"

This example has included the ObjectSpace module to make it easier to read, but you can also use the ::trace_object_allocations notation (recommended).

Note that this feature introduces a huge performance decrease and huge memory consumption.

Calls CRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ON). Starts tracking memory allocations. See also OpenSSL.print_mem_leaks.

This is available only when built with a capable OpenSSL and –enable-debug configure option.

Clear default gem related variables. It is for test

Default options for gem commands for Ruby packagers.

The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.

Example:

def self.operating_system_defaults

{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}

end

Generates a private and public key unless a private key already exists. If this DH instance was generated from public DH parameters (e.g. by encoding the result of DH#public_key), then this method needs to be called first in order to generate the per-session keys before performing the actual key exchange.

Deprecated in version 3.0. This method is incompatible with OpenSSL 3.0.0 or later.

See also OpenSSL::PKey.generate_key.

Example:

# DEPRECATED USAGE: This will not work on OpenSSL 3.0 or later
dh0 = OpenSSL::PKey::DH.new(2048)
dh = dh0.public_key # #public_key only copies the DH parameters (contrary to the name)
dh.generate_key!
puts dh.private? # => true
puts dh0.pub_key == dh.pub_key #=> false

# With OpenSSL::PKey.generate_key
dh0 = OpenSSL::PKey::DH.new(2048)
dh = OpenSSL::PKey.generate_key(dh0)
puts dh0.pub_key == dh.pub_key #=> false

Generates a new random private and public key.

See also the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_generate_key()

Example

ec = OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new("prime256v1")
p ec.private_key # => nil
ec.generate_key!
p ec.private_key # => #<OpenSSL::BN XXXXXX>

Generates a new random private and public key.

See also the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_generate_key()

Example

ec = OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new("prime256v1")
p ec.private_key # => nil
ec.generate_key!
p ec.private_key # => #<OpenSSL::BN XXXXXX>

Parses the UTF-8 string representation of a distinguished name, according to RFC 2253.

See also to_utf8 for the opposite operation.

Parses the string representation of a distinguished name. Two different forms are supported:

• OpenSSL format (X509_NAME_oneline()) used by #to_s. For example: /DC=com/DC=example/CN=nobody

• OpenSSL format (X509_NAME_print()) used by #to_s(OpenSSL::X509::Name::COMPAT). For example: DC=com, DC=example, CN=nobody

Neither of them is standardized and has quirks and inconsistencies in handling of escaped characters or multi-valued RDNs.

Use of this method is discouraged in new applications. See Name.parse_rfc2253 and to_utf8 for the alternative.

Returns the human readable error string corresponding to the error code retrieved by error.

See also the man page X509_verify_cert_error_string(3).

Returns the depth of the chain. This is used in combination with error.

See also the man page X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth(3).

Returns the certificate which caused the error.

See also the man page X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(3).

Returns the CRL which caused the error.

See also the man page X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_crl(3).

Signs data using a private key pkey. Unlike sign, data will not be hashed by digest automatically.

See verify_raw for the verification operation.

Added in version 3.0. See also the man page EVP_PKEY_sign(3).

digest

A String that represents the message digest algorithm name, or nil if the PKey type requires no digest algorithm. Although this method will not hash data with it, this parameter may still be required depending on the signature algorithm.

data

A String. The data to be signed.

options

A Hash that contains algorithm specific control operations to OpenSSL. See OpenSSL’s man page EVP_PKEY_CTX_ctrl_str(3) for details.

Example:

data = "Sign me!"
hash = OpenSSL::Digest.digest("SHA256", data)
pkey = OpenSSL::PKey.generate_key("RSA", rsa_keygen_bits: 2048)
signopts = { rsa_padding_mode: "pss" }
signature = pkey.sign_raw("SHA256", hash, signopts)

# Creates a copy of the RSA key pkey, but without the private components
pub_key = pkey.public_key
puts pub_key.verify_raw("SHA256", signature, hash, signopts) # => true

Verifies the signature for the data using a public key pkey. Unlike verify, this method will not hash data with digest automatically.

Returns true if the signature is successfully verified, false otherwise. The caller must check the return value.

See sign_raw for the signing operation and an example code.

Added in version 3.0. See also the man page EVP_PKEY_verify(3).

signature

A String containing the signature to be verified.