OpenURI is an easy-to-use wrapper for Net::HTTP, Net::HTTPS and Net::FTP.
It is possible to open an http, https or ftp URL as though it were a file:
URI.open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/") {|f| f.each_line {|line| p line} }
The opened file has several getter methods for its meta-information, as follows, since it is extended by OpenURI::Meta.
URI.open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en") {|f| f.each_line {|line| p line} p f.base_uri # <URI::HTTP:0x40e6ef2 URL:http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/> p f.content_type # "text/html" p f.charset # "iso-8859-1" p f.content_encoding # [] p f.last_modified # Thu Dec 05 02:45:02 UTC 2002 }
Additional header fields can be specified by an optional hash argument.
URI.open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/", "User-Agent" => "Ruby/#{RUBY_VERSION}", "From" => "foo@bar.invalid", "Referer" => "http://www.ruby-lang.org/") {|f| # ... }
The environment variables such as http_proxy, https_proxy and ftp_proxy are in effect by default. Here we disable proxy:
URI.open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/", :proxy => nil) {|f| # ... }
See OpenURI::OpenRead.open and URI.open for more on available options.
URI objects can be opened in a similar way.
uri = URI.parse("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/") uri.open {|f| # ... }
URI objects can be read directly. The returned string is also extended by OpenURI::Meta.
str = uri.read p str.base_uri
Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org>
A base class for objects representing a C structure
Wrapper for arrays within a struct
A pointer to a C structure
This exception is raised if the required unicode support is missing on the system. Usually this means that the iconv library is not installed.
This class is the access to openssl’s ENGINE cryptographic module implementation.
See also, www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html
Psych::Stream is a streaming YAML emitter. It will not buffer your YAML, but send it straight to an IO.
Here is an example use:
stream = Psych::Stream.new($stdout) stream.start stream.push({:foo => 'bar'}) stream.finish
YAML will be immediately emitted to $stdout with no buffering.
Psych::Stream#start will take a block and ensure that Psych::Stream#finish is called, so you can do this form:
stream = Psych::Stream.new($stdout) stream.start do |em| em.push(:foo => 'bar') end
Subclass of Zlib::Error
When zlib returns a Z_STREAM_END is return if the end of the compressed data has been reached and all uncompressed out put has been produced.
Subclass of Zlib::Error
When zlib returns a Z_STREAM_ERROR, usually if the stream state was inconsistent.
Zlib::ZStream is the abstract class for the stream which handles the compressed data. The operations are defined in the subclasses: Zlib::Deflate for compression, and Zlib::Inflate for decompression.
An instance of Zlib::ZStream has one stream (struct zstream in the source) and two variable-length buffers which associated to the input (next_in) of the stream and the output (next_out) of the stream. In this document, “input buffer” means the buffer for input, and “output buffer” means the buffer for output.
Data input into an instance of Zlib::ZStream are temporally stored into the end of input buffer, and then data in input buffer are processed from the beginning of the buffer until no more output from the stream is produced (i.e. until avail_out > 0 after processing). During processing, output buffer is allocated and expanded automatically to hold all output data.
Some particular instance methods consume the data in output buffer and return them as a String.
Here is an ascii art for describing above:
+================ an instance of Zlib::ZStream ================+
|| ||
|| +--------+ +-------+ +--------+ ||
|| +--| output |<---------|zstream|<---------| input |<--+ ||
|| | | buffer | next_out+-------+next_in | buffer | | ||
|| | +--------+ +--------+ | ||
|| | | ||
+===|======================================================|===+
| |
v |
"output data" "input data"
If an error occurs during processing input buffer, an exception which is a subclass of Zlib::Error is raised. At that time, both input and output buffer keep their conditions at the time when the error occurs.
Method Catalogue Many of the methods in this class are fairly low-level and unlikely to be of interest to users. In fact, users are unlikely to use this class directly; rather they will be interested in Zlib::Inflate and Zlib::Deflate.
The higher level methods are listed below.
exception to wait for reading by EAGAIN. see IO.select.
exception to wait for writing by EAGAIN. see IO.select.
exception to wait for reading by EINPROGRESS. see IO.select.
exception to wait for writing by EINPROGRESS. see IO.select.
HTTPGenericRequest is the parent of the Net::HTTPRequest class. Do not use this directly; use a subclass of Net::HTTPRequest.
Mixes in the Net::HTTPHeader module to provide easier access to HTTP headers.
Response class for Processing responses (status code 102).
The Processing response indicates that the server has received and is processing the request, but no response is available yet.
References:
Response class for Non-Authoritative Information responses (status code 203).
The Non-Authoritative Information response indicates that the server is a transforming proxy (such as a Web accelerator) that received a 200 OK response from its origin, and is returning a modified version of the origin’s response. See 203 Non-Authoritative Information.
Response class for URI Too Long responses (status code 414).
The URI provided was too long for the server to process. See 414 URI Too Long.
Response class for URI Too Long responses (status code 414).
The URI provided was too long for the server to process. See 414 URI Too Long.