Results for: "to_proc"

Raised when a mathematical function is evaluated outside of its domain of definition.

For example, since cos returns values in the range -1..1, its inverse function acos is only defined on that interval:

Math.acos(42)

produces:

Math::DomainError: Numerical argument is out of domain - "acos"

Raised on attempt to Ractor#take if there was an uncaught exception in the Ractor. Its cause will contain the original exception, and ractor is the original ractor it was raised in.

r = Ractor.new { raise "Something weird happened" }

begin
  r.take
rescue => e
  p e             # => #<Ractor::RemoteError: thrown by remote Ractor.>
  p e.ractor == r # => true
  p e.cause       # => #<RuntimeError: Something weird happened>
end

Raised on an attempt to access an object which was moved in Ractor#send or Ractor.yield.

r = Ractor.new { sleep }

ary = [1, 2, 3]
r.send(ary, move: true)
ary.inspect
# Ractor::MovedError (can not send any methods to a moved object)

Raised when an attempt is made to send a message to a closed port, or to retrieve a message from a closed and empty port. Ports may be closed explicitly with Ractor#close_outgoing/close_incoming and are closed implicitly when a Ractor terminates.

r = Ractor.new { sleep(500) }
r.close_outgoing
r.take # Ractor::ClosedError

ClosedError is a descendant of StopIteration, so the closing of the ractor will break the loops without propagating the error:

r = Ractor.new do
  loop do
    msg = receive # raises ClosedError and loop traps it
    puts "Received: #{msg}"
  end
  puts "loop exited"
end

3.times{|i| r << i}
r.close_incoming
r.take
puts "Continue successfully"

This will print:

Received: 0
Received: 1
Received: 2
loop exited
Continue successfully

Raised by Encoding and String methods when a transcoding operation fails.

Raised by Encoding and String methods when the string being transcoded contains a byte invalid for the either the source or target encoding.

Raised by transcoding methods when a named encoding does not correspond with a known converter.

OpenSSL::OCSP implements Online Certificate Status Protocol requests and responses.

Creating and sending an OCSP request requires a subject certificate that contains an OCSP URL in an authorityInfoAccess extension and the issuer certificate for the subject certificate. First, load the issuer and subject certificates:

subject = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new subject_pem
issuer  = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new issuer_pem

To create the request we need to create a certificate ID for the subject certificate so the CA knows which certificate we are asking about:

digest = OpenSSL::Digest.new('SHA1')
certificate_id =
  OpenSSL::OCSP::CertificateId.new subject, issuer, digest

Then create a request and add the certificate ID to it:

request = OpenSSL::OCSP::Request.new
request.add_certid certificate_id

Adding a nonce to the request protects against replay attacks but not all CA process the nonce.

request.add_nonce

To submit the request to the CA for verification we need to extract the OCSP URI from the subject certificate:

ocsp_uris = subject.ocsp_uris

require 'uri'

ocsp_uri = URI ocsp_uris[0]

To submit the request we’ll POST the request to the OCSP URI (per RFC 2560). Note that we only handle HTTP requests and don’t handle any redirects in this example, so this is insufficient for serious use.

require 'net/http'

http_response =
  Net::HTTP.start ocsp_uri.hostname, ocsp.port do |http|
    http.post ocsp_uri.path, request.to_der,
              'content-type' => 'application/ocsp-request'
end

response = OpenSSL::OCSP::Response.new http_response.body
response_basic = response.basic

First we check if the response has a valid signature. Without a valid signature we cannot trust it. If you get a failure here you may be missing a system certificate store or may be missing the intermediate certificates.

store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
store.set_default_paths

unless response_basic.verify [], store then
  raise 'response is not signed by a trusted certificate'
end

The response contains the status information (success/fail). We can display the status as a string:

puts response.status_string #=> successful

Next we need to know the response details to determine if the response matches our request. First we check the nonce. Again, not all CAs support a nonce. See Request#check_nonce for the meanings of the return values.

p request.check_nonce basic_response #=> value from -1 to 3

Then extract the status information for the certificate from the basic response.

single_response = basic_response.find_response(certificate_id)

unless single_response
  raise 'basic_response does not have the status for the certificate'
end

Then check the validity. A status issued in the future must be rejected.

unless single_response.check_validity
  raise 'this_update is in the future or next_update time has passed'
end

case single_response.cert_status
when OpenSSL::OCSP::V_CERTSTATUS_GOOD
  puts 'certificate is still valid'
when OpenSSL::OCSP::V_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED
  puts "certificate has been revoked at #{single_response.revocation_time}"
when OpenSSL::OCSP::V_CERTSTATUS_UNKNOWN
  puts 'responder doesn't know about the certificate'
end

Provides 3 methods for declaring when something is going away.

+deprecate(name, repl, year, month)+:

Indicate something may be removed on/after a certain date.

+rubygems_deprecate(name, replacement=:none)+:

Indicate something will be removed in the next major RubyGems version,
and (optionally) a replacement for it.

rubygems_deprecate_command:

Indicate a RubyGems command (in +lib/rubygems/commands/*.rb+) will be
removed in the next RubyGems version.

Also provides skip_during for temporarily turning off deprecation warnings. This is intended to be used in the test suite, so deprecation warnings don’t cause test failures if you need to make sure stderr is otherwise empty.

Example usage of deprecate and rubygems_deprecate:

class Legacy
  def self.some_class_method
    # ...
  end

  def some_instance_method
    # ...
  end

  def some_old_method
    # ...
  end

  extend Gem::Deprecate
  deprecate :some_instance_method, "X.z", 2011, 4
  rubygems_deprecate :some_old_method, "Modern#some_new_method"

  class << self
    extend Gem::Deprecate
    deprecate :some_class_method, :none, 2011, 4
  end
end

Example usage of rubygems_deprecate_command:

class Gem::Commands::QueryCommand < Gem::Command
  extend Gem::Deprecate
  rubygems_deprecate_command

  # ...
end

Example usage of skip_during:

class TestSomething < Gem::Testcase
  def test_some_thing_with_deprecations
    Gem::Deprecate.skip_during do
      actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
        Gem.something_deprecated
      end
      assert_empty actual_stdout
      assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
    end
  end
end

Mixin methods for local and remote Gem::Command options.

Generator