Returns an array of all existing Thread objects that belong to this group.
ThreadGroup::Default.list #=> [#<Thread:0x401bdf4c run>]
Basically the same as ::new. However, if class Thread is subclassed, then calling start in that subclass will not invoke the subclass’s initialize method.
Returns the main thread.
Stops execution of the current thread, putting it into a “sleep” state, and schedules execution of another thread.
a = Thread.new { print "a"; Thread.stop; print "c" } sleep 0.1 while a.status!='sleep' print "b" a.run a.join #=> "abc"
Returns an array of Thread objects for all threads that are either runnable or stopped.
Thread.new { sleep(200) } Thread.new { 1000000.times {|i| i*i } } Thread.new { Thread.stop } Thread.list.each {|t| p t}
This will produce:
#<Thread:0x401b3e84 sleep> #<Thread:0x401b3f38 run> #<Thread:0x401b3fb0 sleep> #<Thread:0x401bdf4c run>
The calling thread will suspend execution and run this thr.
Does not return until thr exits or until the given limit seconds have passed.
If the time limit expires, nil will be returned, otherwise thr is returned.
Any threads not joined will be killed when the main program exits.
If thr had previously raised an exception and the ::abort_on_exception or $DEBUG flags are not set, (so the exception has not yet been processed), it will be processed at this time.
a = Thread.new { print "a"; sleep(10); print "b"; print "c" } x = Thread.new { print "x"; Thread.pass; print "y"; print "z" } x.join # Let thread x finish, thread a will be killed on exit. #=> "axyz"
The following example illustrates the limit parameter.
y = Thread.new { 4.times { sleep 0.1; puts 'tick... ' }} puts "Waiting" until y.join(0.15)
This will produce:
tick... Waiting tick... Waiting tick... tick...
Terminates thr and schedules another thread to be run, returning the terminated Thread. If this is the main thread, or the last thread, exits the process.
Returns the status of thr.
"sleep"
Returned if this thread is sleeping or waiting on I/O
"run"
When this thread is executing
"aborting"
If this thread is aborting
false
When this thread is terminated normally
nil
If terminated with an exception.
a = Thread.new { raise("die now") } b = Thread.new { Thread.stop } c = Thread.new { Thread.exit } d = Thread.new { sleep } d.kill #=> #<Thread:0x401b3678 aborting> a.status #=> nil b.status #=> "sleep" c.status #=> false d.status #=> "aborting" Thread.current.status #=> "run"
Returns true if thr is dead or sleeping.
a = Thread.new { Thread.stop } b = Thread.current a.stop? #=> true b.stop? #=> false
Returns the current backtrace of the target thread.
Dump the name, id, and status of thr to a string.
Wakes up all threads waiting for this lock.
Returns the length of the queue.
Returns the length of the queue.
Return a string containing a human-readable TracePoint status.
Returns internal information of TracePoint.
The contents of the returned value are implementation specific. It may be changed in future.
This method is only for debugging TracePoint itself.
Document-method: trace
A convenience method for TracePoint.new, that activates the trace
automatically.
trace = TracePoint.trace(:call) { |tp| [tp.lineno, tp.event] }
#=> #<TracePoint:enabled>
trace.enabled? #=> true
Line number of the event
Uses the character cmd to perform various tests on file1 (first table below) or on file1 and file2 (second table).
File tests on a single file:
Cmd Returns Meaning
"A" | Time | Last access time for file1
"b" | boolean | True if file1 is a block device
"c" | boolean | True if file1 is a character device
"C" | Time | Last change time for file1
"d" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is a directory
"e" | boolean | True if file1 exists
"f" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is a regular file
"g" | boolean | True if file1 has the \CF{setgid} bit
| | set (false under NT)
"G" | boolean | True if file1 exists and has a group
| | ownership equal to the caller's group
"k" | boolean | True if file1 exists and has the sticky bit set
"l" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is a symbolic link
"M" | Time | Last modification time for file1
"o" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is owned by
| | the caller's effective uid
"O" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is owned by
| | the caller's real uid
"p" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is a fifo
"r" | boolean | True if file1 is readable by the effective
| | uid/gid of the caller
"R" | boolean | True if file is readable by the real
| | uid/gid of the caller
"s" | int/nil | If file1 has nonzero size, return the size,
| | otherwise return nil
"S" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is a socket
"u" | boolean | True if file1 has the setuid bit set
"w" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is writable by
| | the effective uid/gid
"W" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is writable by
| | the real uid/gid
"x" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is executable by
| | the effective uid/gid
"X" | boolean | True if file1 exists and is executable by
| | the real uid/gid
"z" | boolean | True if file1 exists and has a zero length
Tests that take two files:
"-" | boolean | True if file1 and file2 are identical
"=" | boolean | True if the modification times of file1
| | and file2 are equal
"<" | boolean | True if the modification time of file1
| | is prior to that of file2
">" | boolean | True if the modification time of file1
| | is after that of file2
Equivalent to Kernel::gets, except readline raises EOFError at end of file.
Returns an array containing the lines returned by calling Kernel.gets(sep) until the end of file.
Returns uri converted to an URI object.
Returns uri converted to an URI object.
Converts arg to an Integer. Numeric types are converted directly (with floating point numbers being truncated). base (0, or between 2 and 36) is a base for integer string representation. If arg is a String, when base is omitted or equals zero, radix indicators (0, 0b, and 0x) are honored. In any case, strings should consist only of one or more digits, except for that a sign, one underscore between two digits, and leading/trailing spaces are optional. This behavior is different from that of String#to_i. Non string values will be converted by first trying to_int, then to_i.
Passing nil raises a TypeError, while passing a String that does not conform with numeric representation raises an ArgumentError. This behavior can be altered by passing exception: false, in this case a not convertible value will return nil.
Integer(123.999) #=> 123 Integer("0x1a") #=> 26 Integer(Time.new) #=> 1204973019 Integer("0930", 10) #=> 930 Integer("111", 2) #=> 7 Integer(" +1_0 ") #=> 10 Integer(nil) #=> TypeError: can't convert nil into Integer Integer("x") #=> ArgumentError: invalid value for Integer(): "x" Integer("x", exception: false) #=> nil
Executes command… in a subshell. command… is one of following forms.
commandline
command line string which is passed to the standard shell
cmdname, arg1, ...
command name and one or more arguments (no shell)
[cmdname, argv0], arg1, ...
command name, argv[0] and zero or more arguments (no shell)
system returns true if the command gives zero exit status, false for non zero exit status. Returns nil if command execution fails. An error status is available in $?.
If the exception: true argument is passed, the method raises an exception instead of returning false or nil.
The arguments are processed in the same way as for Kernel#spawn.
The hash arguments, env and options, are same as exec and spawn. See Kernel#spawn for details.
system("echo *") system("echo", "*")
produces:
config.h main.rb *
Error handling:
system("cat nonexistent.txt") # => false system("catt nonexistent.txt") # => nil system("cat nonexistent.txt", exception: true) # RuntimeError (Command failed with exit 1: cat) system("catt nonexistent.txt", exception: true) # Errno::ENOENT (No such file or directory - catt)
See Kernel#exec for the standard shell.