Returns an exception object for the last conversion. Returns nil if the last conversion did not produce an error.
“error” means that Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError
and Encoding::UndefinedConversionError
for Encoding::Converter#convert
and :invalid_byte_sequence, :incomplete_input and :undefined_conversion for Encoding::Converter#primitive_convert
.
ec = Encoding::Converter.new("utf-8", "iso-8859-1") p ec.primitive_convert(src="\xf1abcd", dst="") #=> :invalid_byte_sequence p ec.last_error #=> #<Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError: "\xF1" followed by "a" on UTF-8> p ec.primitive_convert(src, dst, nil, 1) #=> :destination_buffer_full p ec.last_error #=> nil
Returns the length of the hash value of the digest.
This method should be overridden by each implementation subclass. If not, digest_obj.digest().length() is returned.
Writes s to the buffer. When the buffer is full or sync
is true the buffer is flushed to the underlying socket.
Writes s in the non-blocking manner.
If there is buffered data, it is flushed first. This may block.
write_nonblock
returns number of bytes written to the SSL
connection.
When no data can be written without blocking it raises OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError
extended by IO::WaitReadable
or IO::WaitWritable
.
IO::WaitReadable
means SSL
needs to read internally so write_nonblock
should be called again after the underlying IO
is readable.
IO::WaitWritable
means SSL
needs to write internally so write_nonblock
should be called again after underlying IO
is writable.
So OpenSSL::Buffering#write_nonblock
needs two rescue clause as follows.
# emulates blocking write. begin result = ssl.write_nonblock(str) rescue IO::WaitReadable IO.select([io]) retry rescue IO::WaitWritable IO.select(nil, [io]) retry end
Note that one reason that write_nonblock
reads from the underlying IO
is when the peer requests a new TLS/SSL handshake. See the openssl FAQ for more details. www.openssl.org/support/faq.html
By specifying a keyword argument exception to false
, you can indicate that write_nonblock
should not raise an IO::Wait*able exception, but return the symbol :wait_writable
or :wait_readable
instead.
Parses multipart form elements according to
http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.2
Returns a hash of multipart form parameters with bodies of type StringIO
or Tempfile
depending on whether the multipart form element exceeds 10 KB
params[name => body]
Generate a Form element with multipart encoding as a String
.
Multipart encoding is used for forms that include file uploads.
action
is the action to perform. enctype
is the encoding type, which defaults to “multipart/form-data”.
Alternatively, the attributes can be specified as a hash.
multipart_form{ "string" } # <FORM METHOD="post" ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data">string</FORM> multipart_form("url") { "string" } # <FORM METHOD="post" ACTION="url" ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data">string</FORM>
Parse uri
into a [uri, option] pair.
The DRbProtocol
module asks each registered protocol in turn to try to parse the URI
. Each protocol signals that it does not handle that URI
by raising a DRbBadScheme
error. If no protocol recognises the URI
, then a DRbBadURI
error is raised.
Parse uri
into a [uri, option] pair.
The DRbProtocol
module asks each registered protocol in turn to try to parse the URI
. Each protocol signals that it does not handle that URI
by raising a DRbBadScheme
error. If no protocol recognises the URI
, then a DRbBadURI
error is raised.
returns a Time
that represents the Last-Modified field.
This code is based directly on the Text
gem implementation Returns a value representing the “cost” of transforming str1 into str2
Invokes system, but silences all output.
Enumerates the parents of directory
.
Change the current process’s real and effective user ID to that specified by user. Returns the new user ID. Not available on all platforms.
[Process.uid, Process.euid] #=> [0, 0] Process::UID.change_privilege(31) #=> 31 [Process.uid, Process.euid] #=> [31, 31]
Set
the effective user ID, and if possible, the saved user ID of the process to the given user. Returns the new effective user ID. Not available on all platforms.
[Process.uid, Process.euid] #=> [0, 0] Process::UID.grant_privilege(31) #=> 31 [Process.uid, Process.euid] #=> [0, 31]
Change the current process’s real and effective group ID to that specified by group. Returns the new group ID. Not available on all platforms.
[Process.gid, Process.egid] #=> [0, 0] Process::GID.change_privilege(33) #=> 33 [Process.gid, Process.egid] #=> [33, 33]
Set
the effective group ID, and if possible, the saved group ID of the process to the given group. Returns the new effective group ID. Not available on all platforms.
[Process.gid, Process.egid] #=> [0, 0] Process::GID.grant_privilege(31) #=> 33 [Process.gid, Process.egid] #=> [0, 33]