Returns an array of instance variable names for the receiver. Note that simply defining an accessor does not create the corresponding instance variable.
class Fred attr_accessor :a1 def initialize @iv = 3 end end Fred.new.instance_variables #=> [:@iv]
Returns true if obj is an instance of the given class. See also Object#kind_of?.
class A; end class B < A; end class C < B; end b = B.new b.instance_of? A #=> false b.instance_of? B #=> true b.instance_of? C #=> false
Like backtrace, but returns each line of the execution stack as a Thread::Backtrace::Location. Accepts the same arguments as backtrace.
f = Fiber.new { Fiber.yield } f.resume loc = f.backtrace_locations.first loc.label #=> "yield" loc.path #=> "test.rb" loc.lineno #=> 1
Returns any backtrace associated with the exception. This method is similar to Exception#backtrace, but the backtrace is an array of Thread::Backtrace::Location.
This method is not affected by Exception#set_backtrace().
Returns an array containing the names of the public and protected instance methods in the receiver. For a module, these are the public and protected methods; for a class, they are the instance (not singleton) methods. If the optional parameter is false, the methods of any ancestors are not included.
module A def method1() end end class B include A def method2() end end class C < B def method3() end end A.instance_methods(false) #=> [:method1] B.instance_methods(false) #=> [:method2] B.instance_methods(true).include?(:method1) #=> true C.instance_methods(false) #=> [:method3] C.instance_methods.include?(:method2) #=> true
Returns an UnboundMethod representing the given instance method in mod.
class Interpreter def do_a() print "there, "; end def do_d() print "Hello "; end def do_e() print "!\n"; end def do_v() print "Dave"; end Dispatcher = { "a" => instance_method(:do_a), "d" => instance_method(:do_d), "e" => instance_method(:do_e), "v" => instance_method(:do_v) } def interpret(string) string.each_char {|b| Dispatcher[b].bind(self).call } end end interpreter = Interpreter.new interpreter.interpret('dave')
produces:
Hello there, Dave!
creates a new Socket connected to the address of local_addrinfo.
If local_addrinfo is nil, the address of the socket is not bound.
The timeout specify the seconds for timeout. Errno::ETIMEDOUT is raised when timeout occur.
If a block is given the created socket is yielded for each address.
creates a socket connected to the address of self.
If one or more arguments given as local_addr_args, it is used as the local address of the socket. local_addr_args is given for family_addrinfo to obtain actual address.
If local_addr_args is not given, the local address of the socket is not bound.
The optional last argument opts is options represented by a hash. opts may have following options:
specify the timeout in seconds.
If a block is given, it is called with the socket and the value of the block is returned. The socket is returned otherwise.
Addrinfo.tcp("www.ruby-lang.org", 80).connect_from("0.0.0.0", 4649) {|s| s.print "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: www.ruby-lang.org\r\n\r\n" puts s.read } # Addrinfo object can be taken for the argument. Addrinfo.tcp("www.ruby-lang.org", 80).connect_from(Addrinfo.tcp("0.0.0.0", 4649)) {|s| s.print "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: www.ruby-lang.org\r\n\r\n" puts s.read }
creates a socket connected to remote_addr_args and bound to self.
The optional last argument opts is options represented by a hash. opts may have following options:
specify the timeout in seconds.
If a block is given, it is called with the socket and the value of the block is returned. The socket is returned otherwise.
Addrinfo.tcp("0.0.0.0", 4649).connect_to("www.ruby-lang.org", 80) {|s| s.print "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: www.ruby-lang.org\r\n\r\n" puts s.read }
Evaluates a string containing Ruby source code, or the given block, within the context of the receiver (obj). In order to set the context, the variable self is set to obj while the code is executing, giving the code access to obj’s instance variables and private methods.
When instance_eval is given a block, obj is also passed in as the block’s only argument.
When instance_eval is given a String, the optional second and third parameters supply a filename and starting line number that are used when reporting compilation errors.
class KlassWithSecret def initialize @secret = 99 end private def the_secret "Ssssh! The secret is #{@secret}." end end k = KlassWithSecret.new k.instance_eval { @secret } #=> 99 k.instance_eval { the_secret } #=> "Ssssh! The secret is 99." k.instance_eval {|obj| obj == self } #=> true
Executes the given block within the context of the receiver (obj). In order to set the context, the variable self is set to obj while the code is executing, giving the code access to obj’s instance variables. Arguments are passed as block parameters.
class KlassWithSecret def initialize @secret = 99 end end k = KlassWithSecret.new k.instance_exec(5) {|x| @secret+x } #=> 104
Set options. Takes the same argument as GetoptLong.new.
Raises a RuntimeError if option processing has already started.
Returns the Laplace expansion along given row or column.
Matrix[[7,6], [3,9]].laplace_expansion(column: 1) # => 45 Matrix[[Vector[1, 0], Vector[0, 1]], [2, 3]].laplace_expansion(row: 0) # => Vector[3, -2]
Raises PStore::Error if the calling code is not in a PStore#transaction.
List of options that will be supplied to RDoc
Returns the execution stack for the target thread—an array containing backtrace location objects.
See Thread::Backtrace::Location for more information.
This method behaves similarly to Kernel#caller_locations except it applies to a specific thread.
Returns the current execution stack—an array containing backtrace location objects.
See Thread::Backtrace::Location for more information.
The optional start parameter determines the number of initial stack entries to omit from the top of the stack.
A second optional length parameter can be used to limit how many entries are returned from the stack.
Returns nil if start is greater than the size of current execution stack.
Optionally you can pass a range, which will return an array containing the entries within the specified range.
Creates a new MonitorMixin::ConditionVariable associated with the Monitor object.